10步入门Django Rest framework后端接口框架

10步入门DRF框架开发前端

1.安装django，版本1.11.20python

安装djangorestframework, 版本3.11.0数据库

2.注册djangorestframework到setting.py文件中的APPdjango

3.建立项目api

python mamage.py startproject DRF_learnapp

4.建立app,并注册框架

python manage.py startapp DRFDemo测试

5. 编写数据模型url

E:\DRF_learn\DRFDemo\models.pyspa

from django.db import models # Create your models here.


class Author(models.Model): """ 图书做者表 """ name = models.CharField('做者姓名', max_length=20) age = models.SmallIntegerField('年龄') def __str__(self): return self.name class Book(models.Model): """ 图书表 """ book_name = models.CharField('图书名称', max_length=100) author = models.ForeignKey(Author, related_name='author_book') publish_time = models.DateTimeField('出版时间', auto_now_add=True) def __str__(self): return self.book_name

6.数据迁移

python manage.py makemigrations

python manage.py migrate

7.编写api接口

　　在DRFDemo目录下新建api包，并建立author和book模块

author.py内容：

from rest_framework import generics, serializers from ..models import Author class AuthorSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = Author fields = '__all__'


class CreateAuthor(generics.CreateAPIView): """ 新增做者 """ queryset = Author.objects.all() serializer_class = AuthorSerializer

book.py内容：

from rest_framework import generics from rest_framework import serializers from ..models import Book class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): """ Book模型的序列化器 """
    # ReadOnly增长序列化时额外的字段信息（友好显示图书做者名称）
    author_name = serializers.ReadOnlyField(source='author.name') class Meta: model = Book fields = '__all__'


class CreateBook(generics.CreateAPIView): """ 新增图书 """
    # queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer class DeleteBook(generics.DestroyAPIView): """ 删除图书 """ queryset = Book.objects.all() serializer_class = BookSerializer class UpdateBook(generics.UpdateAPIView): """ 修改图书信息 """ queryset = Book.objects.all() serializer_class = BookSerializer class BookList(generics.ListAPIView): """ 获取全部的图书列表 """ queryset = Book.objects.all() serializer_class = BookSerializer class BookDetail(generics.RetrieveAPIView): """ 获取单个图书信息 """
    # 前端接口请求时只能在该queryset中查找结果，若是请求的资源不在该查询结果集中则不会返回具体的图书信息
    queryset = Book.objects.filter(author_id=3) serializer_class = BookSerializer # 重写该方法，得到具体的一个对象
    # def get_object(self):
    # obj = Book.objects.get(id=1)
    # return obj

总结：

　　如下经常使用的5种子类（CreateAPIView/DestroyAPIView/UpdateAPIView/ListAPIView/RetrieveAPIView）

　　中只有继承CreateAPIView的视图类不须要queryset属性，继承其它子类的视图类必需要有该属性，全部的视图都必须有serializer_class属性。

8. 编写路由

　　8.1 在DRFDemo下新增urls.py文件，里面写：

E:\DRF_learn\DRFDemo\urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url from .api import book, author urlpatterns = [ url(r'^create_book$', book.CreateBook.as_view()), url(r'^delete_book/(?P<pk>\d+)$', book.DeleteBook.as_view()), url(r'^update_book/(?P<pk>\d+)$', book.UpdateBook.as_view()), url(r'^booklist$', book.BookList.as_view()), url(r'^book/(?P<pk>\d+)$', book.BookDetail.as_view()), url(r'^create_author$', author.CreateAuthor.as_view()), ]

注意：这里的接口命名不符合Restful规范，只是为了便于区分识别

　8.2 将子路由包含进项目主路由中：

E:\DRF_learn\DRF_learn\urls.py

from django.contrib import admin from django.conf.urls import url, include urlpatterns = [ url('admin/', admin.site.urls), url(r'^drf_demo/', include('DRFDemo.urls')) ]