Linux不像windows有那么显眼的回收站,不是简单的还原就能够了。node
linux删除文件还原能够分为两种状况,一种是删除之后在进程存在删除信息,一种是删除之后进程都找不到,只有借助于工具还原,这里分别检查介绍下。mysql
这种通常是有活动的进程存在持续标准输入或输出,到时文件被删除后,进程PID仍是存在。这也就是有些服务器删除一些文件可是磁盘不释放的缘由。好比当前举例说明:
经过一个shell终端对一个测试文件作cat追加操做:linux
[root@21yunwei_backup ~]# echo "hello py" > testdelete.py [root@21yunwei_backup ~]# cat >> testdelete.py hello delete
另一个终端查看这个文件能够清楚看到内容:nginx
[root@21yunwei_backup ~]# cat testdelete.py hello py hello delete
此时,在当前服务器删除文件rm -f ./testdelete.py
sql
命令查看这个目录,文件已经不存在了,那么如今咱们将其恢复出来。shell
1. lsof查看删除的文件进程是否还存在。windows
这里用到一个命令lsof,如没有安装请自行yum或者apt-get。相似这种状况,咱们能够先lsof查看删除的文件 是否还在:bash
[root@21yunwei_backup ~]# lsof | grep deleted mysqld 1512 mysql 5u REG 252,3 0 6312397 /tmp/ibzW3Lot (deleted) cat 20464 root 1w REG 252,3 23 1310722 /root/testdelete.py (deleted)
幸运的是这种状况进程还存在 ,那么开始进行恢复 操做。服务器
2. 恢复。tcp
恢复命令:
cp /proc/pid/fd/1 /指定目录/文件名
进入 进程目录,通常是进入/proc/pid/fd/,针对当前状况:
[root@21yunwei_backup ~]# cd /proc/20464/fd [root@21yunwei_backup fd]# ll total 0 lrwx------ 1 root root 64 Nov 15 18:12 0 > /dev/pts/1 l-wx------ 1 root root 64 Nov 15 18:12 1 > /root/testdelete.py (deleted) lrwx------ 1 root root 64 Nov 15 18:12 2 > /dev/pts/1
恢复操做:
cp 1 /tmp/testdelete.py
查看文件:
[root@21yunwei_backup fd]# cat /tmp/testdelete.py hello py hello delete
恢复完成。
建立准备删除的目录并echo一个 带有内容的文件:
[root@21yunwei_backup 21yunwei]# tree . ├── deletetest │ └── mail │ └── test.py ├── lost+found └── passwd 3 directories, 2 files [root@21yunwei_backup 21yunwei]# cat /21yunwei/deletetest/mail/test.py hello Dj [root@21yunwei_backup 21yunwei]# tail -2 passwd haproxy:x:500:502::/home/haproxy:/bin/bash tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin
执行删除操做:
[root@21yunwei_backup 21yunwei]# rm -rf ./* [root@21yunwei_backup 21yunwei]# ll total 0
如今开始进行误删除文件的恢复。这种状况通常是没有守护进程或者后台进程对其持续输入,因此删除就删除了,lsof也看不到。就要借助于工具。这里咱们采用的工具是extundelete第三方工具。恢复步骤以下:
中止对当前分区作任何操做,防止inode被覆盖。inode被覆盖基本就告别恢复了。好比中止所在分区的服务,卸载目录所在的设备,有必要的状况下均可以断网。
dd if=/path/filename of=/dev/vdc1
umount /dev/vdb1 或者 umount /21yunwei
若是提示设备busy,能够用fuser命令强制卸载:
fuser -m -v -i -k /21yunwei
wget http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/extundelete/extundelete/0.2.4/extundelete-0.2.4.tar.bz2 tar jxvf extundelete-0.2.4.tar.bz2 cd extundelete-0.2.4 ./configure make make install
扫描误删除的文件:
[root@21yunwei_backup extundelete-0.2.4]# extundelete --inode 2 /dev/vdb1 NOTICE: Extended attributes are not restored. Loading filesystem metadata ... 8 groups loaded. Group: 0 Contents of inode 2: . .省略N行 File name | Inode number | Deleted status . 2 .. 2 lost+found 11 Deleted deletetest 12 Deleted passwd 14 Deleted
经过扫描发现了咱们删除的文件夹,如今执行恢复操做。
[root@21yunwei_backup /]# extundelete /dev/vdb1 --restore-file passwd NOTICE: Extended attributes are not restored. Loading filesystem metadata ... 8 groups loaded. Loading journal descriptors ... 46 descriptors loaded. Successfully restored file passwd
恢复文件是放到了当前目录RECOVERED_FILES。
查看恢复的文件:
[root@21yunwei_backup /]# tail -5 RECOVERED_FILES/passwd mysql:x:497:500::/home/mysql:/bin/false nginx:x:496:501::/home/nginx:/sbin/nologin zabbix:x:495:497:Zabbix Monitoring System:/var/lib/zabbix:/sbin/nologin haproxy:x:500:502::/home/haproxy:/bin/bash tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin
[root@21yunwei_backup /]# extundelete /dev/vdb1 --restore-directory deletetest NOTICE: Extended attributes are not restored. Loading filesystem metadata ... 8 groups loaded. Loading journal descriptors ... 46 descriptors loaded. Searching for recoverable inodes in directory deletetest ... 5 recoverable inodes found. Looking through the directory structure for deleted files ... [root@21yunwei_backup /]# cat RECOVERED_FILES/deletetest/mail/test.py hello Dj
[root@21yunwei_backup /]# extundelete /dev/vdb1 --restore-all NOTICE: Extended attributes are not restored. Loading filesystem metadata ... 8 groups loaded. Loading journal descriptors ... 46 descriptors loaded. Searching for recoverable inodes in directory / ... 5 recoverable inodes found. Looking through the directory structure for deleted files ... 0 recoverable inodes still lost. [root@21yunwei_backup /]# cd RECOVERED_FILES/ [root@21yunwei_backup RECOVERED_FILES]# tree . ├── deletetest │ └── mail │ └── test.py └── passwd 2 directories, 2 files
[root@21yunwei_backup /]# extundelete /dev/vdb1 --restore-inode 14 NOTICE: Extended attributes are not restored. Loading filesystem metadata ... 8 groups loaded. Loading journal descriptors ... 46 descriptors loaded. [root@21yunwei_backup /]# tail -5 /RECOVERED_FILES/file.14 mysql:x:497:500::/home/mysql:/bin/false nginx:x:496:501::/home/nginx:/sbin/nologin zabbix:x:495:497:Zabbix Monitoring System:/var/lib/zabbix:/sbin/nologin haproxy:x:500:502::/home/haproxy:/bin/bash tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin
注意恢复inode的时候,恢复 出来的文件名和以前不同,须要单独进行更名。内容是没问题的。
更多的extundelete用法请参考extundelete –help选项参数说明,当前恢复全部的操做完成。