MariaDB Galera Cluster 部署(mysql 集群部署)

MariaDB做为Mysql的一个分支,在开源项目中已经普遍使用,例如大热的openstack,因此,为了保证服务的高可用性,同时提升系统的负载能力,集群部署是必不可少的。
 
MariaDB Galera Cluster 介绍node

MariaDB集群是MariaDB同步多主机集群。它仅支持XtraDB/ InnoDB存储引擎(虽然有对MyISAM实验支持 - 看wsrep_replicate_myisam系统变量)。mysql

主要功能:linux

  • 同步复制
  • 真正的multi-master,即全部节点能够同时读写数据库
  • 自动的节点成员控制,失效节点自动被清除
  • 新节点加入数据自动复制
  • 真正的并行复制,行级
  • 用户能够直接链接集群,使用感觉上与MySQL彻底一致

优点:sql

  • 由于是多主,因此不存在Slavelag(延迟)
  • 不存在丢失事务的状况
  • 同时具备读和写的扩展能力
  • 更小的客户端延迟
  • 节点间数据是同步的,而Master/Slave模式是异步的,不一样slave上的binlog多是不一样的

技术:数据库

Galera集群的复制功能基于Galeralibrary实现,为了让MySQL与Galera library通信,特别针对MySQL开发了wsrep API。vim

Galera插件保证集群同步数据,保持数据的一致性,靠的就是可认证的复制,工做原理以下图:服务器

当客户端发出一个commit的指令,在事务被提交以前,全部对数据库的更改都会被write-set收集起来,而且将 write-set 纪录的内容发送给其余节点。异步

write-set 将在每一个节点进行认证测试,测试结果决定着节点是否应用write-set更改数据。socket

若是认证测试失败,节点将丢弃 write-set ;若是认证测试成功,则事务提交。
 
1.安装环境准备ide

安装MariaDB集群至少须要3台服务器(若是只有两台的话须要特殊配置,请参照官方文档)

在这里,我列出试验机器的配置:

操做系统版本:CentOS7

node4:10.128.20.16 node5:10.128.20.17 node6:10.128.20.18

以第一行为例,node4为 hostname ,10.128.20.16为 ip ,在三台机器修改 /etc/hosts文件,个人文件以下:
10.128.20.16 node4
10.128.20.17 node5
10.128.20.18 node6


为了保证节点间相互通讯,须要禁用防火墙设置(若是须要防火墙,则参照官方网站增长防火墙信息设置)

在三个节点分别执行命令:
systemctl stop firewalld


而后将/etc/sysconfig/selinux 的 selinux 设置成 disabled ,这样初始化环境就完成了。
 
2.安装 MariaDB Galera Cluster
[root@node4 ~]# yum install -y mariadb mariadb-galera-server mariadb-galera-common galera rsync

[root@node5 ~]# yum install -y mariadb mariadb-galera-server mariadb-galera-common galera rsync

[root@node6 ~]# yum install -y mariadb mariadb-galera-server mariadb-galera-common galera rsync

 
3.配置 MariaDB Galera Cluster

初始化数据库服务,只在一个节点进行


[root@node4 mariadb]# systemctl start mariadb
[root@node4 mariadb]# mysql_secure_installation

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user.  If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.

Set root password? [Y/n]
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
 ... Success!


By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] n
 ... skipping.

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] n
 ... skipping.

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB!

 

关闭数据库,修改 /etc/my.cnf.d/galera.cnf
[root@node4 mariadb]# systemctl stop mariadb
[root@node4 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf.d/galera.cnf


修改如下内容:
[mysqld]
......
wsrep_provider = /usr/lib64/galera/libgalera_smm.so
wsrep_cluster_address = "gcomm://node4,node5,node6"
wsrep_node_name = node4
wsrep_node_address=10.128.20.16
#wsrep_provider_options="socket.ssl_key=/etc/pki/galera/galera.key; socket.ssl_cert=/etc/pki/galera/galera.crt;"


提示:若是不用ssl的方式认证的话,请把wsrep_provider_options 注释掉。

将此文件复制到node五、node6,注意要把 wsrep_node_name和 wsrep_node_address改为相应节点的 hostname和ip。
 
4.启动 MariaDB Galera Cluster 服务
[root@node4 ~]# /usr/libexec/mysqld --wsrep-new-cluster --user=root &


观察日志:
[root@node4 ~]# tail -f /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log

150701 19:54:17 [Note] WSREP: wsrep_load(): loading provider library 'none'
150701 19:54:17 [Note] /usr/libexec/mysqld: ready for connections.
Version: '5.5.40-MariaDB-wsrep'  socket: '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock'  port: 3306  MariaDB Server, wsrep_25.11.r4026


出现 ready for connections ,证实咱们启动成功,继续启动其余节点:
[root@node5 ~]# systemctl start mariadb
[root@node6 ~]# systemctl start mariadb


能够查看/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log,在日志能够看到节点均加入了集群中。

警告⚠:--wsrep-new-cluster 这个参数只能在初始化集群使用,且只能在一个节点使用。
 
5.查看集群状态

咱们能够关注几个关键的参数:

wsrep_connected = on 连接已开启

wsrep_local_index = 1在集群中的索引值

wsrep_cluster_size =3集群中节点的数量

wsrep_incoming_addresses = 10.128.20.17:3306,10.128.20.16:3306,10.128.20.18:3306 集群中节点的访问地址
 
6.验证数据同步

咱们在node4上新建数据库 galera_test ,而后在node5 和node6 上查询,若是能够查询到 galera_test 这个库,说明数据同步成功,集群运行正常。


[root@node4 ~]# mysql  -uroot  -proot  -e  "create database galera_test"

 

[root@node5 ~]# mysql  -uroot  -proot  -e  "show databases"
+--------------------+
| Database          |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| galera_test        |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+

[root@node6 ~]# mysql  -uroot  -proot  -e  "show databases"
+--------------------+
| Database          |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| galera_test        |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+

至此,咱们的 MariaDB Galera Cluster 已经成功部署。