MariaDB 做为 Mysql 的一个分支,在开源项目中已经普遍使用,例如大热的 openstack,因此,为了保证服务的高可用性,同时提升系统的负载能力,集群部署是必不可少的。html
MariaDB 集群是 MariaDB 同步多主机集群。它仅支持 XtraDB/ InnoDB 存储引擎(虽然有对 MyISAM 实验支持 - 看 wsrep_replicate_myisam 系统变量)。node
主要功能:mysql
优点:linux
技术:web
Galera 集群的复制功能基于 Galeralibrary 实现,为了让 MySQL 与 Galera library 通信,特别针对 MySQL 开发了 wsrep API。sql
Galera 插件保证集群同步数据,保持数据的一致性,靠的就是可认证的复制,工做原理以下图:数据库
当客户端发出一个 commit 的指令,在事务被提交以前,全部对数据库的更改都会被write-set
收集起来,而且将 write-set
纪录的内容发送给其余节点。vim
write-set
将在每一个节点进行认证测试,测试结果决定着节点是否应用write-set
更改数据。centos
若是认证测试失败,节点将丢弃 write-set ;若是认证测试成功,则事务提交。服务器
安装 MariaDB 集群至少须要 3 台服务器(若是只有两台的话须要特殊配置,请参照官方文档)
在这里,我列出试验机器的配置:
操做系统版本:centos7
node4:10.128.20.16 node5:10.128.20.17 node6:10.128.20.18
以第一行为例,node4 为 hostname
,10.128.20.16为 ip
,在三台机器修改 /etc/hosts
文件,个人文件以下:
10.128.20.16 node4 10.128.20.17 node5 10.128.20.18 node6
为了保证节点间相互通讯,须要禁用防火墙设置(若是须要防火墙,则参照官方网站增长防火墙信息设置)
在三个节点分别执行命令:
systemctl stop firewalld
而后将/etc/sysconfig/selinux
的 selinux
设置成 disabled
,这样初始化环境就完成了。
[root@node4 ~]# yum install -y mariadb mariadb-galera-server mariadb-galera-common galera rsync
[root@node5 ~]# yum install -y mariadb mariadb-galera-server mariadb-galera-common galera rsync
[root@node6 ~]# yum install -y mariadb mariadb-galera-server mariadb-galera-common galera rsync
初始化数据库服务,只在一个节点进行
[root@node4 mariadb]# systemctl start mariadb [root@node4 mariadb]# mysql_secure_installation NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY! In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank, so you should just press enter here. Enter current password for root (enter for none): OK, successfully used password, moving on... Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation. Set root password? [Y/n] New password: Re-enter new password: Password updated successfully! Reloading privilege tables.. ... Success! By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a production environment. Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] n ... skipping. Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network. Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y ... Success! By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment. Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] n ... skipping. Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately. Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y ... Success! Cleaning up... All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB installation should now be secure. Thanks for using MariaDB!
关闭数据库,修改 /etc/my.cnf.d/galera.cnf
[root@node4 mariadb]# systemctl stop mariadb [root@node4 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf.d/galera.cnf
修改如下内容:
[mysqld] ...... wsrep_provider = /usr/lib64/galera/libgalera_smm.so wsrep_cluster_address = "gcomm://node4,node5,node6" wsrep_node_name = node4 wsrep_node_address=10.128.20.16 #wsrep_provider_options="socket.ssl_key=/etc/pki/galera/galera.key; socket.ssl_cert=/etc/pki/galera/galera.crt;"
提示:若是不用 ssl 的方式认证的话,请把wsrep_provider_options
注释掉。
将此文件复制到node五、node6,注意要把 wsrep_node_name
和 wsrep_node_address
改为相应节点的 hostname
和ip
。
[root@node4 ~]# /usr/libexec/mysqld --wsrep-new-cluster --user=root &
观察日志:
[root@node4 ~]# tail -f /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log 150701 19:54:17 [Note] WSREP: wsrep_load(): loading provider library 'none' 150701 19:54:17 [Note] /usr/libexec/mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '5.5.40-MariaDB-wsrep' socket: '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' port: 3306 MariaDB Server, wsrep_25.11.r4026
出现 ready for connections
,证实咱们启动成功,继续启动其余节点:
[root@node5 ~]# systemctl start mariadb [root@node6 ~]# systemctl start mariadb
能够查看/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
,在日志能够看到节点均加入了集群中。
警告⚠:--wsrep-new-cluster
这个参数只能在初始化集群使用,且只能在一个节点使用。
咱们能够关注几个关键的参数:
wsrep_connected = on
连接已开启
wsrep_local_index = 1
在集群中的索引值
wsrep_cluster_size =3
集群中节点的数量
wsrep_incoming_addresses = 10.128.20.17:3306,10.128.20.16:3306,10.128.20.18:3306
集群中节点的访问地址
咱们在node4
上新建数据库 galera_test
,而后在node5
和node6
上查询,若是能够查询到 galera_test
这个库,说明数据同步成功,集群运行正常。
[root@node4 ~]# mysql -uroot -proot -e "create database galera_test"
[root@node5 ~]# mysql -uroot -proot -e "show databases" +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | galera_test | | mysql | | performance_schema | +--------------------+
[root@node6 ~]# mysql -uroot -proot -e "show databases" +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | galera_test | | mysql | | performance_schema | +--------------------+
至此,咱们的 MariaDB Galera Cluster 已经成功部署。
参考文章:
[1]http://galeracluster.com/documentation-webpages/
[2]https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/getting-started-with-mariadb-galera-...