spring中的钩子方法和钩子接口
spring framework具备很高的扩展性，咱们能够经过这些接口对spring作灵活的扩展。java
1. Aware接口
Spring中提供了各类Aware接口，方便从上下文中获取当前的运行环境，比较常见的几个子接口有： ApplicationContextAware、BeanClassLoaderAware、BeanFactoryAware、BeanNameAware、EnvironmentAware、ImportAware、MessageSourceAware、ServletConfigAware、ServletContextAware等等。web
例如：要想经过应用上下文获取bean对象，能够经过以下方式。spring
@Component
public class ApplicationContextAssistor implements ApplicationContextAware {
private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
@Override
public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
}
public Object getBeanDefinition(String name) {
return this.applicationContext.getBean(name);
}
public <T> T getBeanDefinition(String name, Class<T> clazz) {
return this.applicationContext.getBean(name, clazz);
}
}
2. InitializingBean和DisposableBean
InitializingBean接口只有一个方法afterPropertiesSet( )：当BeanFactory 设置完全部的Bean属性以后才会调用，能够作一些资源初始化操做。apache
DisposableBean接口只有一个方法destroy( )：单例销毁时由BeanFactory调用，能够作一些资源释放操做。编程
例子：tomcat
@Component
public class ConnectBean implements InitializingBean, DisposableBean {
@Override
public void destroy() throws Exception {
System.out.println("单例销毁时由BeanFactory调用");
}
@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
System.out.println("当BeanFactory 设置完全部的Bean属性以后才会调用");
}
}
3. BeanPostProcessor
BeanPostProcessor能够在bean初始化（ 注意初始化不包括init方法 ）以后修改bean实例中的属性，对bean实例作一些特定操做 。springboot
例如：先定义一个bean，包含属性count咱们将经过BeanPostProcessor修改该属性的值。app
@Component
public class ConnectBean{
private Integer count;
public void setCount(int count) {
this.count = count;
}
public Integer getCount() {
return this.count;
}
}
定义BeanPostProcessor接口实现类实现接口方法postProcessBeforeInitialization在bean实例初始化以后调用和postProcessAfterInitialization在bean初始化以后调用，先找出ConnectBean实例而后对调用bean实例的setCount( )方法，ide
@Order(value = 1)
@Component
public class ConnectBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
if (bean instanceof ConnectBean) {
System.out.println("给ConnectBean设置初始count");
((ConnectBean)bean).setCount(100);
}
return BeanPostProcessor.super.postProcessBeforeInitialization(bean, beanName);
}
@Override
public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
if (bean instanceof ConnectBean) {
System.out.println("给ConnectBean设置count完成" + ((ConnectBean)bean).getCount());
}
return BeanPostProcessor.super.postProcessAfterInitialization(bean, beanName);
}
}
调用启动方法：post
. ____ _ __ _ _ /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \ ( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \ \\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) ) ' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / / =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/ :: Spring Boot :: (v2.2.5.RELEASE) 2020-03-24 08:47:43.417 INFO 187788 --- [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication : Starting DemoApplication on ZZ-WZ112019 with PID 187788 (E:\java_work\demo\target\classes started by jiafeng in E:\java_work\demo) 2020-03-24 08:47:43.419 INFO 187788 --- [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default 2020-03-24 08:47:44.236 INFO 187788 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http) 2020-03-24 08:47:44.244 INFO 187788 --- [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service [Tomcat] 2020-03-24 08:47:44.244 INFO 187788 --- [ main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.31] 2020-03-24 08:47:44.316 INFO 187788 --- [ main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext 2020-03-24 08:47:44.316 INFO 187788 --- [ main] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 860 ms 给ConnectBean设置初始count 给ConnectBean设置count完成100 2020-03-24 08:47:44.428 INFO 187788 --- [ main] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor : Initializing ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor' 2020-03-24 08:47:44.537 INFO 187788 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path '' 2020-03-24 08:47:44.539 INFO 187788 --- [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication : Started DemoApplication in 1.395 seconds (JVM running for 1.724)
4. BeanFactoryPostProcessor
Spring IoC容器容许BeanFactoryPostProcessor在容器实际实例化任何其它的bean以前读取配置元数据，并有可能修改它。 换句话说BeanFactoryPostProcessor是bean工厂的bean属性处理容器，咱们能够管理bean工厂内全部的beandefinition（未实例化）数据，能够为所欲为的修改属性。
例如：咱们修改ConnectBean类，在其中新增init方法，而后咱们再BeanFactoryPostProcessor中把init方法设置为ConnectBean的初始方法。
@Component
public class ConnectBean {
private Integer count;
public void setCount(int count) {
this.count = count;
}
public Integer getCount() {
return this.count;
}
public void init() {
System.out.println("这是ConnectBean的初始化方法：init");
}
}
定义BeanFactoryPostProcessor接口实现类，实现接口方法postProcessBeanFactory( )改方法参数ConfigurableListableBeanFactory对象，该对象能够操做全部bean工厂中的BeanDefinition（bean元数据）。你也能够经过设置@order设定beanFactoryPostProcessor的执行顺序。
@Order(value = 1)
@Component
public class ConnectBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor {
@Override
public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
System.out.println("调用自定义BeanFactoryPostProcessor" + beanFactory.getClass());
BeanDefinition beanDefinition = beanFactory.getBeanDefinition("connectBean");
beanDefinition.setInitMethodName("init");
System.out.println("调用自定义BeanFactoryPostProcessor结束" + beanFactory.getClass());
}
}
执行结果：能够看出BeanFactoryPostProcessor的调用早于BeanPostProcessor的调用。
. ____ _ __ _ _ /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \ ( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \ \\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) ) ' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / / =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/ :: Spring Boot :: (v2.2.5.RELEASE) 2020-03-24 09:48:21.732 INFO 186536 --- [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication : Starting DemoApplication on ZZ-WZ112019 with PID 186536 (E:\java_work\demo\target\classes started by jiafeng in E:\java_work\demo) 2020-03-24 09:48:21.734 INFO 186536 --- [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default 调用自定义BeanFactoryPostProcessorclass org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory 调用自定义BeanFactoryPostProcessor结束class org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory 2020-03-24 09:48:22.540 INFO 186536 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http) 2020-03-24 09:48:22.548 INFO 186536 --- [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service [Tomcat] 2020-03-24 09:48:22.548 INFO 186536 --- [ main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.31] 2020-03-24 09:48:22.614 INFO 186536 --- [ main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext 2020-03-24 09:48:22.614 INFO 186536 --- [ main] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 841 ms 给ConnectBean设置初始count 这是ConnectBean的初始化方法：init 给ConnectBean设置count完成100 2020-03-24 09:48:22.742 INFO 186536 --- [ main] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor : Initializing ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor' 2020-03-24 09:48:22.865 INFO 186536 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path '' 2020-03-24 09:48:22.867 INFO 186536 --- [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication : Started DemoApplication in 1.417 seconds (JVM running for 1.76)
5. ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar
@Import注解的参数能够是一个类，也能够是一个ImportSelector接口，也能够是ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar接口，若是是一个类就会建立该类对应的实例到IOC容器；若是是一个 ImportSelector接口就会根据接口逻辑筛选知足条件的类建立bean实例；若是是ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar也会根据接口实现方法的逻辑建立bean实例。
官方解释：
1. 当处理Java编程式配置类(使用了@Configuration的类)的时候，ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar接口的实现类能够注册额外的bean definitions。
2. ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar接口的实现类必须提供给@Import注解或者是ImportSelector接口返回值 。
3. ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar接口的实现类可能还会实现下面org.springframework.beans.factory.Aware接口中的一个或者多个，它们各自的方法优先于ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar的registerBeanDefinitions( )f方法被调用。
手动把类注册成bean实例
首先定义一个类，后面该类会被注册到bean容器里面
public class CollectService {
public void hello() {
System.out.println("hello ! I am collect");
}
}
自定义ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar类，实现手动注册bean
public class CollectImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar {
/**
*
* @author jiafeng
* @date 2020年3月24日 下午3:43:46
* @param importingClassMetadata 当前类的注解信息
* @param registry 注册类
*/
@Override
public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
GenericBeanDefinition beanDefinition = new GenericBeanDefinition();
beanDefinition.setBeanClass(CollectService.class);
beanDefinition.setSynthetic(true);
registry.registerBeanDefinition("collectService", beanDefinition);
}
}
最后定义一个配置类，用于发现上面的手动注册类
@Configuration
@Import(CollectImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar.class)
public class CollectConfiguration {
}
springboot启动类里面调用被手动注册的bean实例方法，验证是否注册成功
public static void main(String[] args) {
ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext = SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
System.out.println("启动完成");
CollectService collectService = (CollectService)applicationContext.getBean("collectService");
collectService.hello();
}
执行结果：调用被注册类的hello( )方法。
. ____ _ __ _ _ /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \ ( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \ \\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) ) ' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / / =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/ :: Spring Boot :: (v2.2.5.RELEASE) 2020-03-24 16:14:10.498 INFO 192624 --- [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication : Starting DemoApplication on ZZ-WZ112019 with PID 192624 (E:\java_work\demo\target\classes started by jiafeng in E:\java_work\demo) 2020-03-24 16:14:10.500 INFO 192624 --- [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory 2020-03-24 16:14:11.304 INFO 192624 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http) 2020-03-24 16:14:11.312 INFO 192624 --- [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service [Tomcat] 2020-03-24 16:14:11.312 INFO 192624 --- [ main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.31] 2020-03-24 16:14:11.379 INFO 192624 --- [ main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext 2020-03-24 16:14:11.379 INFO 192624 --- [ main] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 850 ms 2020-03-24 16:14:11.498 INFO 192624 --- [ main] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor : Initializing ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor' 2020-03-24 16:14:11.607 INFO 192624 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path '' 2020-03-24 16:14:11.609 INFO 192624 --- [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication : Started DemoApplication in 1.374 seconds (JVM running for 1.71) 启动完成 hello ! I am collect
自定义注解实现spring把类加载成bean实例
spring 官方也是经过ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar实现@Component、@service等注解的动态注入机制。具体过程以下：
首先定义一个注解@Zyservice，配置该注解的类会被注册到bean容器中。
/**
* @description <描述>
* @author jiafeng
* @date 2020年3月24日 下午6:32:46
*/
@Documented
@Inherited
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.PARAMETER})
public @interface Zyservice {
}
定义使用该注解的类，该类会被注册到容器中
/**
* @description <描述>
* @author jiafeng
* @date 2020年3月24日 下午6:34:58
*/
@Zyservice
public class ZycfcService {
public void hello() {
System.out.println("zycfcService 注册成功");
}
}
定义ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar接口实现类，实现扫描将配置@Zyservice注解的类实例化到bean容器中
/**
* @description <描述>
* @author jiafeng
* @date 2020年3月24日 下午6:35:35
*/
public class ZycfcImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar {
@Override
public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
Map<String, Object> annotationAttributes =
importingClassMetadata.getAnnotationAttributes(ComponentScan.class.getName());
String[] basePackages = (String[])annotationAttributes.get("basePackages");
ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner scanner = new ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner(registry, false);
scanner.addIncludeFilter(new AnnotationTypeFilter(Zyservice.class));// 扫描对应注解的类
scanner.scan(basePackages);
}
}
定义Configuration配置类引入ZycfcImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar注册器，配置扫描包路径
@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.example.demo.bean"})
@Import(ZycfcImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar.class)
public class ZycfcServiceConfiguration {
}
启动类，springboot启动以后从bean容器中获取ZycfcService类实例，调用方法验证是否动态注入到bean容器中
public static void main(String[] args) {
ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext = SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
System.out.println("启动完成");
CollectService collectService = applicationContext.getBean(CollectService.class);
collectService.hello();
ZycfcService zycfcService = applicationContext.getBean(ZycfcService.class);
zycfcService.hello();
}
执行结果：
. ____ _ __ _ _ /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \ ( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \ \\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) ) ' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / / =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/ :: Spring Boot :: (v2.2.5.RELEASE) 2020-03-24 19:03:27.374 INFO 190632 --- [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication : Starting DemoApplication on ZZ-WZ112019 with PID 190632 (E:\java_work\demo\target\classes started by jiafeng in E:\java_work\demo) 2020-03-24 19:03:27.375 INFO 190632 --- [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory 2020-03-24 19:03:28.179 INFO 190632 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http) 2020-03-24 19:03:28.187 INFO 190632 --- [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service [Tomcat] 2020-03-24 19:03:28.187 INFO 190632 --- [ main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.31] 2020-03-24 19:03:28.259 INFO 190632 --- [ main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext 2020-03-24 19:03:28.259 INFO 190632 --- [ main] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 856 ms 2020-03-24 19:03:28.377 INFO 190632 --- [ main] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor : Initializing ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor' 2020-03-24 19:03:28.487 INFO 190632 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path '' 2020-03-24 19:03:28.490 INFO 190632 --- [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication : Started DemoApplication in 1.392 seconds (JVM running for 1.716) 启动完成 hello ! I am collect zycfcService 注册成功
6. BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor
BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor类能够当作是ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar类和BeanFactoryPostProcessor类的综合体，既能够 实现BeanDefinition的注册操做将类注册到bean容器中，也能够实现BeanDefinition的修改、移除操做。
例如：首先建立类，用于被手动注册到容器中
/**
* @description <描述>
* @author jiafeng
* @date 2020年3月24日 下午8:02:12
*/
public class GreatService {
public void test() {
System.out.println("这是GreatService的方法：test");
}
}
定义BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor的实现类，实现postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry和postProcessBeanFactory方法实现手动注册bean实例功能和修改bean元数据功能。
/**
* @description <描述>
* @author jiafeng
* @date 2020年3月24日 下午7:46:22
*/
@Component
public class GreatBeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor implements BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor {
@Override
public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
//从beanFactory中取出bean元数据，进行修改或其余操做
BeanDefinition beanDefinition = beanFactory.getBeanDefinition("greatService");
beanDefinition.setInitMethodName("test");
System.out.println("调用GreatBeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor的postProcessBeanFactory( )方法"+beanDefinition.getAttribute("type"));
}
@Override
public void postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) throws BeansException {
//建立bean元数据并注册到容器中
GenericBeanDefinition beanDefinition = new GenericBeanDefinition();
beanDefinition.setBeanClass(GreatService.class);
beanDefinition.setAttribute("type", "test");
registry.registerBeanDefinition("greatService", beanDefinition);
System.out.println("调用GreatBeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor的postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry( )方法");
}
}
执行启动类从执行结果能够看到，先执行postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry( )方法注册bean实例到容器中，而后执行postProcessBeanFactory( )方法从beanFactory中能够取出beanDefinition进行修改操做。
. ____ _ __ _ _ /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \ ( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \ \\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) ) ' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / / =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/ :: Spring Boot :: (v2.2.5.RELEASE) 2020-03-24 20:16:36.621 INFO 194764 --- [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication : Starting DemoApplication on ZZ-WZ112019 with PID 194764 (E:\java_work\demo\target\classes started by jiafeng in E:\java_work\demo) 2020-03-24 20:16:36.623 INFO 194764 --- [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default 调用GreatBeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor的postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry( )方法 调用GreatBeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor的postProcessBeanFactory( )方法test org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory 2020-03-24 20:16:37.424 INFO 194764 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http) 2020-03-24 20:16:37.432 INFO 194764 --- [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service [Tomcat] 2020-03-24 20:16:37.432 INFO 194764 --- [ main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.31] 2020-03-24 20:16:37.499 INFO 194764 --- [ main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext 2020-03-24 20:16:37.499 INFO 194764 --- [ main] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 847 ms 2020-03-24 20:16:37.619 INFO 194764 --- [ main] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor : Initializing ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor' 这是GreatService的方法：test 2020-03-24 20:16:37.731 INFO 194764 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path '' 2020-03-24 20:16:37.733 INFO 194764 --- [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication : Started DemoApplication in 1.381 seconds (JVM running for 1.718) 启动完成
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- 1. Spring来一发（六）Spring的钩子方法和钩子接口
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