开源WAF工具ModSecurity

0 前言

  ModSecurity是一个开源的跨平台Web应用程序防火墙(WAF)引擎,用于Apache,IIS和Nginx,由Trustwave的SpiderLabs开发。做为WAF产品,ModSecurity专门关注HTTP流量,当发出HTTP请求时,ModSecurity检查请求的全部部分,若是请求是恶意的,它会被阻止和记录。  html

优点

完美兼容nginx,是nginx官方推荐的WAF 支持OWASP规则 3.0版本比老版本更新更快,更加稳定,而且获得了nginx、Inc和Trustwave等团队的积极支持 免费

功能

SQL Injection (SQLi):阻止SQL注入 Cross Site Scripting (XSS):阻止跨站脚本攻击 Local File Inclusion (LFI):阻止利用本地文件包含漏洞进行攻击 Remote File Inclusione(RFI):阻止利用远程文件包含漏洞进行攻击 Remote Code Execution (RCE):阻止利用远程命令执行漏洞进行攻击 PHP Code Injectiod:阻止PHP代码注入 HTTP Protocol Violations:阻止违反HTTP协议的恶意访问 HTTPoxy:阻止利用远程代理感染漏洞进行攻击 Shellshock:阻止利用Shellshock漏洞进行攻击 Session Fixation:阻止利用Session会话ID不变的漏洞进行攻击 Scanner Detection:阻止黑客扫描网站 Metadata/Error Leakages:阻止源代码/错误信息泄露 Project Honey Pot Blacklist:蜜罐项目黑名单 GeoIP Country Blocking:根据判断IP地址归属地来进行IP阻断

劣势

不支持检查响应体的规则,若是配置中包含这些规则,则会被忽略,nginx的的sub_filter指令能够用来检查状语从句:重写响应数据,OWASP中相关规则是95X。 不支持OWASP核心规则集DDoS规则REQUEST-912-DOS- PROTECTION.conf,nginx自己支持配置DDoS限制 不支持在审计日志中包含请求和响应主体

  以上内容摘自:ModSecurity:一款优秀的开源WAFnginx

00 Preface

  本篇介绍如何在CentOS7.6上安装ModSecurity。上面的给出的连接内容比较杂乱,故从新整理以记录。c++

安装

安装nginx

  若是有nginx,可忽略;若是没有请参考:RHEL/CentOS 安装最新版Nginxgit

安装依赖

# yum install epel-release -y # yum install gcc-c++ flex bison yajl yajl-devel curl-devel curl GeoIP-devel doxygen zlib-devel pcre pcre-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel autoconf automake lmdb-devel ssdeep-devel ssdeep-libs lua-devel libmaxminddb-devel git apt-utils autoconf automake build-essential git libcurl4-openssl-dev libgeoip-dev liblmdb-dev ibpcre++-dev libtool libxml2-dev libyajl-dev pkgconf wget zlib1g-dev -y

编译ModSecurity

  咱们用的是v3版本,咱们在/opt目录下进行安装。github

# cd /opt/    # 切换到/opt # git clone --depth 1 -b v3/master --single-branch https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity    # 下载
# cd ModSecurity/ # git submodule init     # 初始化
# git submodule update    # 更新
# ./build.sh
# ./configure
# make
# make install

【注】在执行build.sh会出现以下错误,可忽略。web

fatal: No names found, cannot describe anything

ModSecurity-nginx链接器

  咱们如今须要将ModSecurity-nginx编入。vim

# cd /opt/ # git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity-nginx.git
# nginx -v            # 查看当前nginx版本 nginx version: nginx/1.17.5
# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.17.5.tar.gz
# tar -xvf nginx-1.17.5.tar.gz # ls ModSecurity ModSecurity-nginx  nginx-1.17.5  nginx-1.17.5.tar.gz # cd nginx-1.17.5/ # ./configure --with-compat --add-dynamic-module=../ModSecurity-nginx # 若是出现不兼容的问题,请去掉--with-compat参数 # make modules # 会生成以下*.so # ls ./objs/ngx_http_modsecurity_module.so ./objs/ngx_http_modsecurity_module.so       # 查看
# cp ./objs/ngx_http_modsecurity_module.so /etc/nginx/modules/   
# 移动位置
# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf  load_module /etc/nginx/modules/ngx_http_modsecurity_module.so; # 添加到配置文件首行 # nginx -t                                     # 测试经过 nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

测试

ECHO测试 

  新增配置文件:/etc/nginx/conf.d/echo.conf :app

# service nginx start   # 启动nginx Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start nginx.service # vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/echo.conf server { listen localhost:8085; location / { default_type text/plain; return 200 "Thank you for requesting ${request_uri}\n"; } } # nginx -s reload    # 重载配置 # nginx -t        # 检测 nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost ~]# curl -D - http://localhost:8085
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.17.5 Date: Mon, 18 Nov 2019 05:35:40 GMT Content-Type: text/plain Content-Length: 27 Connection: keep-alive Thank you for requesting / [root@localhost ~]# curl -D - http://localhost:8085/notexist
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.17.5 Date: Mon, 18 Nov 2019 05:35:49 GMT Content-Type: text/plain Content-Length: 35 Connection: keep-alive Thank you for requesting /notexist

  能够看到正常echo。curl

配置反向代理

  新增配置文件:/etc/nginx/conf.d/proxy.conf ,内容以下:ide

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/proxy.conf server { listen 80; location / { proxy_pass http://localhost:8085;
 proxy_set_header Host $host; } }

  由于正常安装后,nginx是有默认配置的:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf,这个会影响到上面的正常生效。

[root@localhost ~]# mv /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf.bak [root@localhost ~]# nginx -s reload [root@localhost ~]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost ~]# curl -D - http://localhost
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.17.5 Date: Mon, 18 Nov 2019 05:43:05 GMT Content-Type: text/plain Content-Length: 27 Connection: keep-alive Thank you for requesting / [root@localhost ~]# curl -D - http://localhost/noexist
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.17.5 Date: Mon, 18 Nov 2019 05:44:06 GMT Content-Type: text/plain Content-Length: 34 Connection: keep-alive Thank you for requesting /noexist [root@localhost ~]#

  能够看到访问默认的80端口,会反向代理到8085端口。

启用WAF

  配置NGINX WAF以经过阻止某些请求来保护演示web应用程序。

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /etc/nginx/modsec [root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/nginx/modsec [root@localhost modsec]# sudo wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity/v3/master/modsecurity.conf-recommended [root@localhost modsec]# sudo mv modsecurity.conf-recommended modsecurity.conf

  修改modsecurity.conf配置文件

[root@localhost modsec]# vim modsecurity.conf # -- Rule engine initialization ----------------------------------------------
... SecRuleEngine On <== 设置为On

  修改nginx waf配置文件:/etc/nginx/modsec/main.conf ,添加响应规则。

# cat /etc/nginx/modsec/main.conf # Include the recommended configuration Include /etc/nginx/modsec/modsecurity.conf # A test rule SecRule ARGS:testparam "@contains test" "id:1234,deny,log,status:403"
  • Include:包括modsecurity.conf文件中建议的配置。
  • SecRule:建立一个规则,当查询字符串中的testparam参数包含字符串test时,经过阻止请求并返回状态代码403来保护应用程序。

  修改nginx配置文件,来启用WAF防御。

# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/proxy.conf server { listen 80; modsecurity on; modsecurity_rules_file /etc/nginx/modsec/main.conf; location / { proxy_pass http://localhost:8085;
 proxy_set_header Host $host; } }
  • modsecurity on:启用Nginx WAF;
  • modsecurity_rules_file:指定规则文件路径。
[root@localhost modsec]# cp /opt/ModSecurity/unicode.mapping /etc/nginx/modsec/    # 须要先拷贝下unicode.mapping文件 [root@localhost modsec]# nginx -s reload        # 重载配置 [root@localhost modsec]# nginx -t            # 测试 nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

  测试参数中带有test,会被禁止。

[root@localhost modsec]# curl -D - http://localhost/foo?testparam=thisisatestofmodsecurity
HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden Server: nginx/1.17.5 Date: Mon, 18 Nov 2019 05:59:10 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 153 Connection: keep-alive <html>
<head><title>403 Forbidden</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>403 Forbidden</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.17.5</center>
</body>
</html>

日志记录功能

  修改nginx配置文件:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf,

# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf load_module /opt/nginx-1.17.5/objs/ngx_http_modsecurity_module.so;    # 加载模块 user nginx; worker_processes 1; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log info;      # 将错误日志设置为info级别
[root@localhost modsec]# nginx -s reload       # 重载配置 [root@localhost modsec]# nginx -t           # 测试 nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful [root@localhost modsec]# curl -D - http://localhost/foo?testparam=thisisatestofmodsecurity      # 再次访问
HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden Server: nginx/1.17.5 Date: Mon, 18 Nov 2019 06:02:09 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 153 Connection: keep-alive <html>
<head><title>403 Forbidden</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>403 Forbidden</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.17.5</center>
</body>
</html> [root@localhost modsec]# tail -5 /var/log/nginx/error.log       # 查看错误日志文件 2019/11/18 14:01:57 [notice] 24845#24845: worker process 25847 exited with code 0
2019/11/18 14:01:57 [notice] 24845#24845: signal 29 (SIGIO) received 2019/11/18 14:01:59 [notice] 25880#25880: ModSecurity-nginx v1.0.0 (rules loaded inline/local/remote: 0/7/0) 2019/11/18 14:02:09 [error] 25879#25879: *11 [client 127.0.0.1] ModSecurity: Access denied with code 403 (phase 1). Matched "Operator `Contains' with parameter `test' against variable `ARGS:testparam' (Value: `thisisatestofmodsecurity' ) [file "/etc/nginx/modsec/main.conf"] [line "4"] [id "1234"] [rev ""] [msg ""] [data ""] [severity "0"] [ver ""] [maturity "0"] [accuracy "0"] [hostname "127.0.0.1"] [uri "/foo"] [unique_id "157405692985.199277"] [ref "o7,4v19,24"], client: 127.0.0.1, server: , request: "GET /foo?testparam=thisisatestofmodsecurity HTTP/1.1", host: "localhost" 2019/11/18 14:02:09 [info] 25879#25879: *11 client 127.0.0.1 closed keepalive connection

参考

       ModSecurity:一款优秀的开源WAF

    https://www.freebuf.com/sectool/211354.html

  Installing NGINX WAF

     https://docs.nginx.com/nginx-waf/admin-guide/nginx-plus-modsecurity-waf-installation-logging/#

原文出处:https://www.cnblogs.com/Hi-blog/p/ModSecurity.html

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