Ubuntu上VScode编译C++
VScode编译C++主要有如下几种种方法。
方法一、配置 launch.json 和 tasks.json 文件。
在安装完vscode，下载相应的插件后，编写C++程序并进行编译。在编译之前首先需要配置vscode的两个文件，
分别为： launch.json 和 tasks.json 。
1、下载编辑C++ 的相应插件： C/C++，如下图第一个插件
建立文件夹 test ，并在vscode中选择打开此文件夹 （vscode必须打开 .cpp文件所在的文件夹才能进编译，而不能只是打开一个 .cpp的单文件进行编译。）。在vscode中点击1处建立C01文件夹；在C01目录下，再点击2处，建立 .cpp 文件。目录结构如下图：
2、配置 launch.json 文件
（1）、打开01.cpp文件，按F5，在出现的命令提示栏上选择 C++(GDB/LLDB)，
（2）、 然后在出现的launch.json模板上进行修改，主要修改2个地方。分别为下图的3处，为运行编译程序的路径；4处为添加的在启动运行程序之前，要进行先编译，与下一个文件 tasks.json 相对应。launch.json文件用于运行编译的程序。
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附 launch.json文件配置结果如下：
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{
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// Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
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// Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
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// For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
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"version": "0.2.0",
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"configurations": [
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{
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"name": "(gdb) Launch",
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"type": "cppdbg",
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"request": "launch",
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"program": "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}.out",
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"args": [],
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"stopAtEntry": false,
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"cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
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"environment": [],
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"externalConsole": true,
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"MIMode": "gdb",
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"preLaunchTask": "build",
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"setupCommands": [
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{
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"description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
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"text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
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"ignoreFailures": true
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}
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]
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}
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]
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}
３、配置 tasks.json 文件：
（1）、按 ctrl+shift+P 或者 F1，来启动命令提示栏。在其中输入 run task，选择 Run Task，
（２）、再点选 No task to run found,Configure Tasks...
（３）、再点选 Create tasks.json file from template
（４）、点选 Others
（５）、对出现的 tasks.json 进行修改。label 与上面的launch.json 中的 preLaunchTask 相对应。command 相当于在bash中编译 .cpp文件时的命令。
（６）、最终修改的结果如下：
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附 tasks.json 文件最终配置如下：
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{
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// See https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=733558
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// for the documentation about the tasks.json format
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"version": "2.0.0",
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"tasks": [
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{
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"label": "build",
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"type": "shell",
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"command": "g++",
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"args": [
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"-g",
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"${file}",
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"-o",
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"${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}.out"
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],
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"group": {
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"kind": "build",
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"isDefault": true
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}
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}
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],
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"presentation": {
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"echo": true,
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"reveal": "always",
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"focus": false,
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//"panel": "shared",
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//"showReuseMessage": true,
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//"clear": false
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}
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}
４、回到 01.cpp 文件，按F5即可编译运行该程序，结果如下所示：
方法二、安装插件 Code Runner 来进行编译，如下图第一个插件。
点击箭头出的小三角即可编译
方法三、安装 C/C++ Compile Run 插件，按F6 可直接进行编译运行 .cpp 文件
注意：linux 系统上必须要安装有gcc/g++；windows系统上必须要安装有mingw 才可以。
二、总结
1、方法一可以进行断点调试，方法二、三只能进行编译运行。
2、vscode的Variables Reference
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Predefined variables :
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${workspaceFolder} - the path of the folder opened in VS Code
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${workspaceFolderBasename} - the name of the folder opened in VS Code
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without any slashes (/)
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${file} - the current opened file
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${relativeFile} - the current opened file relative to workspaceFolder
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${fileBasename} - the current opened file 's basename
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${fileBasenameNoExtension} - the current opened file's basename with no file extension
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${fileDirname} - the current opened file 's dirname
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${fileExtname} - the current opened file's extension
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${cwd} - the task runner 's current working directory on startup
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${lineNumber} - the current selected line number in the active file
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${selectedText} - the current selected text in the active file
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${execPath} - the path to the running VS Code executable
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Predefined variables examples
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Supposing that you have the following requirements:
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A file located at /home/your-username/your-project/folder/file.ext opened in your editor;
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The directory /home/your-username/your-project opened as your root workspace.
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So you will have the following values for each variable:
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${workspaceFolder} - /home/your-username/your-project
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${workspaceFolderBasename} - your-project
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${file} - /home/your-username/your-project/folder/file.ext
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${relativeFile} - folder/file.ext
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${fileBasename} - file.ext
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${fileBasenameNoExtension} - file
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${fileDirname} - /home/your-username/your-project/folder
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${fileExtname} - .ext
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${lineNumber} - line number of the cursor
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${selectedText} - text selected in your code editor
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${execPath} - location of Code.exe
参考资料：
[1] 构建Visual Studio Code编译调试Linux C++环境
[2] 在Ubuntu中用Visual Studio Code编译调试C\C++