1、硬件环境html
我使用的硬件是云创的一个minicloud设备。由三个节点(每一个节点8GB内存+128GB SSD+3块3TB SATA)和一个千兆交换机组成。java
2、安装前准备node
1.在CentOS 7下新建hadoop用户,官方推荐的是hadoop、mapreduce、yarn分别用不一样的用户安装,这里我为了省事就所有在hadoop用户下安装了。linux
2.下载安装包:web
1)JDK:jdk-8u112-linux-x64.rpmapache
下载地址:http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html
2)Hadoop-2.7.3:hadoop-2.7.3.tar.gz网络
下载地址:http://archive.apache.org/dist/hadoop/common/stable2/
3.卸载CentOS 7自带的OpenJDK(root权限下)oracle
1)首先查看系统已有的openjdkapp
rpm -qa|grep jdk
看到以下结果:less
[hadoop@localhost Desktop]$ rpm -qa|grep jdk java-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.111-2.6.7.2.el7_2.x86_64 java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.101-3.b13.el7_2.x86_64 java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.101-3.b13.el7_2.x86_64 java-1.7.0-openjdk-headless-1.7.0.111-2.6.7.2.el7_2.x86_64
2)卸载上述找到的openjdk包
yum -y remove java-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.111-2.6.7.2.el7_2.x86_64 yum -y remove java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.101-3.b13.el7_2.x86_64 yum -y remove java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.101-3.b13.el7_2.x86_64 yum -y remove java-1.7.0-openjdk-headless-1.7.0.111-2.6.7.2.el7_2.x86_64
4.安装Oracle JDK(root权限下)
rpm -ivh jdk-8u112-linux-x64.rpm
安装完毕后,jdk的路径为/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_112
接着将安装的jdk的路径添加至系统环境变量中:
vi /etc/profile
在文件末尾加上以下内容:
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_112 export JRE_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_112/jre export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
关闭profile文件,执行下列命令使配置生效:
source /etc/profile
此时咱们就能够经过java -version命令检查jdk路径是否配置成功,以下所示:
[root@localhost jdk1.8.0_112]# java -version java version "1.8.0_112" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_112-b15) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.112-b15, mixed mode) [root@localhost jdk1.8.0_112]#
5.关闭防火墙(root权限下)
执行下述命令关闭防火墙:
systemctl stop firewalld.service systemctl disable firewalld.service
在终端效果以下:
[root@localhost Desktop]# systemctl stop firewalld.service [root@localhost Desktop]# systemctl disable firewalld.service Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service. Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service. [root@localhost Desktop]#
6.修改主机名并配置相关网络(root权限下)
1)修改主机名
在master主机上
hostnamectl set-hostname Master
在slave1主机上
hostnamectl set-hostname slave1
在slave2主机上
hostnamectl set-hostname slave2
2)配置网络
以master主机为例,演示如何配置静态网络及host文件。
个人机器每一个节点有两块网卡,我配置其中一块网卡为静态IP做为节点内部通讯使用。
vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp7s0
(注:个人master机器上要配置的网卡名称为ifcfg-enp7s0)
ifcfg-enp7s0原始内容以下:
TYPE=Ethernet BOOTPROTO=dhcp DEFROUTE=yes PEERDNS=yes PEERROUTES=yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no IPV6INIT=yes IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes IPV6_PEERDNS=yes IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no NAME=enp7s0 UUID=914595f1-e6f9-4c9b-856a-c4bd79ffe987 DEVICE=enp7s0 ONBOOT=no
修改成:
TYPE=Ethernet ONBOOT=yes DEVICE=enp7s0 UUID=914595f1-e6f9-4c9b-856a-c4bd79ffe987 BOOTPROTO=static IPADDR=59.71.229.189 GATEWAY=59.71.229.254 DEFROUTE=yes IPV6INIT=no IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes
3)修改/etc/hosts文件
vi /etc/hosts
加入如下内容:
59.71.229.189 master 59.71.229.190 slave1 59.71.229.191 slave2
为集群中全部节点执行上述的网络配置及hosts文件配置。
7.配置集群节点SSH免密码登陆(hadoop权限下)
这里我为了方便,是配置的集群中任意节点可以SSH免密码登陆到集群其余任意节点。具体步骤以下:
1)对于每一台机器,在hadoop用户下执行如下指令:
ssh-keygen -t rsa -P ''
直接按Enter到底。
2)对于每台机器,首先将本身的公钥加到authorized_keys中,保证ssh localhost无密码登陆:
cat id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys
3)而后将本身的公钥添加至其余每台机器的authorized_keys中,在此过程当中须要输入其余机器的密码:
master:
scp /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop@slave1:/home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa_master.pub scp /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop@slave2:/home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa_master.pub
slave1:
scp /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop@master:/home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa_slave1.pub scp /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop@slave2:/home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa_slave1.pub
slave2:
scp /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop@master:/home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa_slave2.pub scp /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop@slave1:/home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa_slave2.pub
4)分别进每一台主机的/home/hadoop/.ssh/目录下,将除本机产生的公钥(id_rsa.pub)以外的其余公钥使用cat命令添加至authorized_keys中。添加完毕以后使用chmod命令给authorized_keys文件设置权限,而后使用rm命令删除全部的公钥:
master:
cat id_rsa_slave1.pub >> authorized_keys cat id_rsa_slave2.pub >> authorized_keys chmod 600 authorized_keys rm id_rsa*.pub
slave1:
cat id_rsa_master.pub >> authorized_keys cat id_rsa_slave2.pub >> authorized_keys chmod 600 authorized_keys rm id_rsa*.pub
slave2:
cat id_rsa_master.pub >> authorized_keys cat id_rsa_slave1.pub >> authorized_keys chmod 600 authorized_keys rm id_rsa*.pub
完成上述步骤,就能够实现从任意一台机器经过ssh命令免密码登陆任意一台其余机器了。
3、安装和配置Hadoop(下述步骤在hadoop用户下执行)
1.将hadoop-2.7.3.tar.gz文件解压至/home/hadoop/目录下(在本文档中,文件所在地是hadoop帐户下桌面上)可经过下述命令先解压至文件所在地:
tar -zxvf hadoop-2.7.3.tar.gz
而后将解压的文件hadoop-2.7.3全部内容拷贝至/home/hadoop目录下,拷贝以后删除文件所在地的hadoop文件夹:
cp -r /home/hadoop/Desktop/hadoop-2.7.3 /home/hadoop/
2.具体配置过程:
1)在master上,首先/home/hadoop/目录下建立如下目录:
mkdir -p /home/hadoop/hadoopdir/name mkdir -p /home/hadoop/hadoopdir/data mkdir -p /home/hadoop/hadoopdir/temp mkdir -p /home/hadoop/hadoopdir/logs mkdir -p /home/hadoop/hadoopdir/pids
2)而后经过scp命令将hadoopdir目录复制至其余节点:
scp -r /home/hadoop/hadoopdir hadoop@slave1:/home/hadoop/ scp -r /home/hadoop/hadoopdir hadoop@slave2:/home/hadoop/
3)进入/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.3/etc/hadoop目录下,修改如下文件:
hadoop-env.sh:
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_112 export HADOOP_LOG_DIR=/home/hadoop/hadoopdir/logs export HADOOP_PID_DIR=/home/hadoop/hadoopdir/pids
mapred-env.sh:
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_112 export HADOOP_MAPRED_LOG_DIR=/home/hadoop/hadoopdir/logs export HADOOP_MAPRED_PID_DIR=/home/hadoop/hadoopdir/pids
yarn-env.sh:
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_112 YARN_LOG_DIR=/home/hadoop/hadoopdir/logs
Slaves文件:
#localhost slave1 slave2
(注意:若是slaves文件里面不注释localhost,意思是把本机也做为一个DataNode节点)
core-site.xml:
<configuration> <property> <name>fs.defaultFS</name> <value>hdfs://master:9000</value> </property> <property> <name>io.file.buffer.size</name> <value>131072</value> </property> <property> <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name> <value>file:///home/hadoop/hadoopdir/temp</value> </property> </configuration>
hdfs-site.xml:
<configuration> <property> <name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name> <value>file:///home/hadoop/hadoopdir/name</value> </property> <property> <name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name> <value>file:///home/hadoop/hadoopdir/data</value> </property> <property> <name>dfs.replication</name> <value>2</value> </property> <property> <name>dfs.blocksize</name> <value>64m</value> </property> <property> <name>dfs.namenode.secondary.http-address</name> <value>master:9001</value> </property> <property> <name>dfs.webhdfs.enabled</name> <value>true</value> </property> </configuration>
mapred-site.xml:
cp mapred-site.xml.template mapred-site.xml vi mapred-site.xml
<configuration> <property> <name>mapreduce.framework.name</name> <value>yarn</value> <final>true</final> </property> <property> <name>mapreduce.jobhistory.address</name> <value>master:10020</value> </property> <property> <name>mapreduce.jobtracker.http.address</name> <value>master:50030</value> </property> <property> <name>mapred.job.tracker</name> <value>http://master:9001</value> </property> <property> <name>mapreduce.jobhistory.webapp.address</name> <value>master:19888</value> </property> </configuration>
yarn-site.xml:
<property> <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name> <value>mapreduce_shuffle</value> </property> <property> <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services.mapreduce_shuffle.class</name> <value>org.apache.hadoop.mapred.ShuffleHandler</value> </property> <property> <name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname</name> <value>master</value> </property> <property> <name>yarn.resourcemanager.scheduler.address</name> <value>master:8030</value> </property> <property> <name>yarn.resourcemanager.resource-tracker.address</name> <value>master:8031</value> </property> <property> <name>yarn.resourcemanager.address</name> <value>master:8032</value> </property> <property> <name>yarn.resourcemanager.admin.address</name> <value>master:8033</value> </property> <property> <name>yarn.resourcemanager.webapp.address</name> <value>master:8088</value> </property>
4)master机器下,将/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.3目录里面全部内容拷贝至其余节点
scp -r /home/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.3 hadoop@slave1:/home/hadoop/ scp -r /home/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.3 hadoop@slave2:/home/hadoop/
5)进入/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.3/bin目录,格式化文件系统:
./hdfs namenode -format
格式化文件系统会产生一系列的终端输出,在输出最后几行看到STATUS=0表示格式化成功,若是格式化失败请详细查看日志肯定错误缘由。
6)进入/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.3/sbin目录:
./start-dfs.sh ./start-yarn.sh
上述命令就启动了hdfs和yarn。hadoop集群就跑起来了,若是要关闭,在sbin目录下执行如下命令:
./stop-yarn.sh ./stop-dfs.sh
7)HDFS启动示例
执行start-dfs.sh以后,能够在master:50070网页上看到以下结果,能够看到集群信息和datanode相关信息:
执行start-yarn.sh以后,能够在master:8088网页上看到以下结果,能够看到集群信息相关信息: