Spring 的持久化实例（JDBC， JdbcTemplate、HibernateDaoSupport、JdbcDaoSupport、SqlSessionDaoSupport等）

时间 2019-11-07

标签 spring 持久实例 jdbc jdbctemplate hibernatedaosupport jdbcdaosupport sqlsessiondaosupport 栏目 Spring 繁體版

原文原文链接

1、表（这里用mysql，数据库名为yiibai）html

CREATE TABLE `customer` (
  `CUST_ID` int(10) UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
  `NAME` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  `AGE` int(10) UNSIGNED NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
ALTER TABLE `customer`
  ADD PRIMARY KEY (`CUST_ID`);

2、不用JdbcTemplate的状况java

表的实体类Customermysql

package com.yiibai.springjdbc.bean;

public class Customer {

	int custId;
	String name;
	int age;
	
	public Customer(int custId, String name, int age) {
		super();
		this.custId = custId;
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
	}
	public int getCustId() {
		return custId;
	}
	public void setCustId(int custId) {
		this.custId = custId;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Customer [custId=" + custId + ", name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
	}
}

DAO接口spring

package com.yiibai.springjdbc.dao;

import java.util.List;
import com.yiibai.springjdbc.bean.Customer;

public interface CustomerDAO {
	public void insert(Customer customer);
	public Customer findByCustomerId(int custId);
	public List<Customer> queryCustomer() throws Exception ;
}

DAO实现（不用JdbcTemplate）sql

package com.yiibai.springjdbc.daoimpl;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import com.yiibai.springjdbc.bean.Customer;
import com.yiibai.springjdbc.dao.CustomerDAO;

public class CustomerImplDAO implements CustomerDAO {
	private DataSource dataSource;

	@Override
	public void insert(Customer customer) {
		// TODO 自动生成的方法存根
		String sql = "INSERT INTO customer " + "(CUST_ID, NAME, AGE) VALUES (?, ?, ?)";
		Connection conn = null;

		try {
			conn = dataSource.getConnection();
			PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
			ps.setInt(1, customer.getCustId());
			ps.setString(2, customer.getName());
			ps.setInt(3, customer.getAge());
			ps.executeUpdate();
			ps.close();

		} catch (SQLException e) {
			throw new RuntimeException(e);

		} finally {
			if (conn != null) {
				try {
					conn.close();
				} catch (SQLException e) {
				}
			}
		}
	}

	@Override
	public Customer findByCustomerId(int custId) {
		// TODO 自动生成的方法存根
		String sql = "SELECT * FROM customer WHERE CUST_ID = ?";
		Connection conn = null;

		try {
			conn = dataSource.getConnection();
			PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
			ps.setInt(1, custId);
			Customer customer = null;
			ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery();
			if (rs.next()) {
				customer = new Customer(rs.getInt("CUST_ID"), rs.getString("NAME"), rs.getInt("Age"));
			}
			rs.close();
			ps.close();
			return customer;
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			throw new RuntimeException(e);
		} finally {
			if (conn != null) {
				try {
					conn.close();
				} catch (SQLException e) {
				}
			}
		}
	}

	public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) {
		this.dataSource = dataSource;
	}

	@Override
	public List<Customer> queryCustomer() throws Exception {
		// TODO 自动生成的方法存根
		Connection conn = dataSource.getConnection();
		String sql = "Select c.CUST_ID, c.NAME, c.AGE from customer c";
		System.out.println(sql);
		Statement smt = conn.createStatement();
		ResultSet rs = smt.executeQuery(sql);
		List<Customer> list = new ArrayList<Customer>();
	       while (rs.next()) {
	           int cID = rs.getInt("CUST_ID");
	           String cName = rs.getString("NAME");
	           int cAge = rs.getInt("AGE");
	           Customer cust = new Customer(cID, cName, cAge);
	           list.add(cust);
	       }
	       
		return list;
	}

}

配置文件spring-dao.xml spring-datasource.xml spring-module.xml都放置在（特别重要）包com.yiibai.springjdbc下面：数据库

spring-datasource.xmlapache

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">


   <bean id="dataSource"
       class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">

       <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
       <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/yiibai?useSSL=false" />
       <property name="username" value="your-user" />
       <property name="password" value="your-passwd" />
   </bean>
   
</beans>

也能够使用DBCP链接池来配置数据源(须要导入commons-dbcp-1.4.jar包)编程

<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">        
    <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />       
    <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/yiibai?useSSL=false" />       
    <property name="username" value="your-name" />       
    <property name="password" value="your-passwd" />       
   </bean>

这里须要修改用户密码来适应你的数据库环境session

spring-dao.xmlmybatis

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

	<bean id="customerDAO" class="com.yiibai.springjdbc.daoimpl.CustomerImplDAO">
		<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
	</bean>

</beans>

spring-module.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
 
   <!-- Using Mysql datasource -->
   <import resource="spring-datasource.xml" />
   <import resource="spring-dao.xml" />
 
</beans>

测试（主）类

package com.yiibai.springjdbc;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.yiibai.springjdbc.bean.Customer;
import com.yiibai.springjdbc.dao.CustomerDAO;

public class CustTest {

	private static ApplicationContext ctx;

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/yiibai/springjdbc/spring-module.xml");
        	 
            CustomerDAO customerDAO = (CustomerDAO) ctx.getBean("customerDAO");
            Customer customer = new Customer(1, "yiibai",29);
            customerDAO.insert(customer);

        	
            Customer customer1 = customerDAO.findByCustomerId(1);
            System.out.println(customer1);
            
            List<Customer> custList = customerDAO.queryCustomer();
            for(Customer cs : custList){
                System.out.println("Customer ID " + cs.getCustId());
                System.out.println("Customer Name " + cs.getName());
                System.out.println("Customer Age" + cs.getAge());
                System.out.println("----------------------------");
            }
	}

}

运行结果：表customer加了一条记录，并输出以下信息：

（执行前把表customer中id为1的记录删除，否则插入异常）

3、使用 JdbcTemplate、JdbcDaoSupport实现

Customer和DAO接口不变，主要变化是DAO实现：CustomerImplDAO类改成JdbcCustomerDAO

package com.yiibai.springjdbc.daoimpl;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;

import com.yiibai.springjdbc.bean.Customer;
import com.yiibai.springjdbc.bean.CustomerRowMapper;
import com.yiibai.springjdbc.dao.CustomerDAO;

public class JdbcCustomerDAO extends JdbcDaoSupport implements CustomerDAO {

	@Override
	public void insert(Customer customer) {
		// TODO 自动生成的方法存根
		String sql = "INSERT INTO customer " +
				"(CUST_ID, NAME, AGE) VALUES (?, ?, ?)";
					 
			getJdbcTemplate().update(sql, new Object[] { customer.getCustId(),
					customer.getName(),customer.getAge()  
			});
	}

	@Override
	public Customer findByCustomerId(int custId) {
		// TODO 自动生成的方法存根
		/*
		 * 	这种写法也能够	
 		String sql = "SELECT * FROM customer WHERE CUST_ID =  '"+custId+"' ";
		return getJdbcTemplate().queryForObject(sql,new CustomerRowMapper());
		*/
		String sql = "SELECT * FROM customer WHERE CUST_ID = ?";
		return getJdbcTemplate().queryForObject(sql,new Object[] { custId },new CustomerRowMapper());
	}

	@Override
	public List<Customer> queryCustomer() throws Exception {
		// TODO 自动生成的方法存根
		String sql = "SELECT * FROM customer";

		return getJdbcTemplate().query(sql, new CustomerRowMapper());
	}

}

须要说明2点：

一、本实现继承JdbcDaoSupport，而 JdbcDaoSupport定义了 JdbcTemplate和DataSource 属性，只需在配置文件中注入DataSource 便可，而后会建立jdbcTemplate的实例，没必要像前面的实现CustomerImplDAO那样，须要显式定义一个DataSource成员变量。

二、这里出现了CustomerRowMapper类：原本应该这样写的queryForObject(sql,Customer.class);但Spring并不知道如何将结果转成Customer.class。因此须要写一个CustomerRowMapper 继承RowMapper接口 ,其代码以下：

package com.yiibai.springjdbc.bean;

import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;

public class CustomerRowMapper implements RowMapper<Customer> {

	@Override
	public Customer mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {
		// TODO 自动生成的方法存根
		return new Customer(rs.getInt("CUST_ID"),rs.getString("NAME"),rs.getInt("AGE"));
	}

}

文件spring-dao.xml里bean的定义修改成（变化的是class）：

<bean id="customerDAO" class="com.yiibai.springjdbc.daoimpl.JdbcCustomerDAO">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
    </bean>

其余配置文件和主类都不变、运行结果少了Select c.CUST_ID, c.NAME, c.AGE from customer c
，这是由于CustomerImplDAO版本人为地插入一句 System.out.println(sql);以示和JDBC模板实现版本JdbcCustomerDAO的区别。
能够看出采用JDBC模板大大简化代码。

4、 HibernateTemplate、HibernateDaoSupport实现版本

CustomerImplDAO类改成HibCustomerDao

package com.yiibai.springjdbc.daoimpl;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import com.yiibai.springjdbc.bean.Customer;
import com.yiibai.springjdbc.dao.CustomerDAO;

public class HibCustomerDao extends HibernateDaoSupport implements CustomerDAO {

	@Override
	public void insert(Customer customer) {
		// TODO 自动生成的方法存根
		this.getHibernateTemplate().save(customer);
	}

	@Override
	public Customer findByCustomerId(int custId) {
		// TODO 自动生成的方法存根
		//或find("from Customer where CUST_ID = ?",custId).get(0);
		return (Customer) getHibernateTemplate().get(Customer.class, custId);
	}

	@Override
	public List<Customer> queryCustomer() throws Exception {
		// TODO 自动生成的方法存根
        return (List<Customer>) getHibernateTemplate().find("from com.yiibai.springjdbc.bean.Customer"); 	
        }

}

配置文件修改就比较复杂了：要配置SessionFactory、transactionManager、transactionInterceptor等。

，另外要在包com.yiibai.springjdbc.bean增长表对象Customer的Hibernate映射文件Customer.hbm.xml以供配置hibernate SessionFactory使用：

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
                                   "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="com.yiibai.springjdbc.bean">
	<class name="Customer" table="customer">
		<id name="custId" type="java.lang.Integer">
 			<column name="CUST_ID" />
			<generator class="native"/>
        </id>
		<property name="name" unique="true" type="java.lang.String">
	       <column name="NAME" />	
		</property>
		<property name="age" unique="true" type="java.lang.Integer">
	       <column name="AGE" />	
		</property>	
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

修改后的spring-dao.xml内容以下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
          	http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
        	http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
        	http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
       		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
        	http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee
        	http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee.xsd
        	http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        	http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        	http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
        	http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd
        	http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool
        	http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool/spring-tool.xsd">

	
	<!-- 把数据源注入给Session工厂 -->
	<bean id="custsessionFactory"
		class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
		<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource1" />
		<property name="mappingResources">
			<list>
				<value>com/yiibai/springjdbc/bean/Customer.hbm.xml</value>
			</list>
		</property>
		<property name="hibernateProperties">
			<props>
				<prop key="hibernate.dialect">${hibernate.dialect}</prop>
				<prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
				<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
				<prop key="hibernate.generate_statistics">true</prop>
				<prop key="hibernate.current_session_context_class">org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.SpringSessionContext</prop>
			</props>
		</property>
	</bean>
	
	
   <!-- Transaction manager for a single Hibernate SessionFactory (alternative 
		to JTA) -->
	<bean id="transactionManager"
		class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">
		<property name="sessionFactory" ref="custsessionFactory" />
	</bean>

	<!--define bean of transaction interceptor -->
	<bean id="transactionInterceptor"
		class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">
		<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
		<property name="transactionAttributes">
			<props>
				<prop key="delete*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
				<prop key="update*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
				<prop key="save*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception</prop>
				<prop key="find*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
				<prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
			</props>
		</property>
	</bean>

	<bean
		class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">
		<property name="beanNames">
			<list>
				<value>*Dao</value>
			</list>
		</property>
		<property name="interceptorNames">
			<list>
				<value>transactionInterceptor</value>
			</list>
		</property>
	</bean>
	<bean id="customerDAO" class="com.yiibai.springjdbc.daoimpl.HibCustomerDao">  
		<property name="sessionFactory" ref="custsessionFactory" />
    </bean>  

</beans>

若是仅配置SessionFactory、而不配置transactionManager、transactionInterceptor，查询没问题，而插入不行，会出现下面的异常：

Exception in thread "main" org.springframework.dao.InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException: Write operations are not allowed in read-only mode (FlushMode.MANUAL): Turn your Session into FlushMode.COMMIT/AUTO or remove 'readOnly' marker from transaction definition.

有没有办修改SessionFactory的设置解决这个问题，求高人指点。

hibernate配置也能够用注解方式（无需Customer.hbm.xml）：

修改Customer类以下( custId必需要改CUST_ID，和表格字段名彻底一致):

package com.yiibai.springjdbc.bean;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table(name = "customer")
public class Customer {
    @Id
	int CUST_ID;
	String name;
	int age;
	
	public Customer() {
		super();
		// TODO 自动生成的构造函数存根
	}
	public Customer(int custId, String name, int age) {
		super();
		this.CUST_ID = custId;
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
	}
	public int getCustId() {
		return CUST_ID;
	}
	public void setCustId(int custId) {
		this.CUST_ID = custId;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Customer [custId=" + CUST_ID + ", name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
	}
}

spring-dao.xml文件的custsessionFactory配置中

<property name="mappingResources">
			<list>
				<value>com/yiibai/springjdbc/bean/Customer.hbm.xml</value>
			</list>
		</property>

改成：

<property name="annotatedClasses">
			<list>
				<value>com.yiibai.springjdbc.bean.Customer</value>
			</list>
	</property>

另外经实践.hbm.xml版本（注射方式则不会，我也没搞明白其中的道理）的CUST_ID不是根据insert(customer)传递过来参数的值，而是会根据数据库表customer当前的ID“指针”;好比传递过来的参数是Customer(1, "yiibai",29)，插入后有可能变(3, "yiibai",29)。

可用下面命令来复位ID“指针”

mysql> use yiibai;
mysql> ALTER TABLE customer AUTO_INCREMENT=0;

这样新插入的CUST_ID值就是:最后一条记录CUST_ID+1。

5、mybatis、SqlSessionDaoSupport版本

为了简单起见，使用注解方式使用mybatis（和XML配置能够混用的，详见该文），重写了dao接口放在com.yiibai.springjdbc.mybatisdao包下，为保证主类代码不变原来的接口CustomerDAO继续使用。

package com.yiibai.springjdbc.mybatisdao;

import java.util.List;

import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Delete;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Insert;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select;

import com.yiibai.springjdbc.bean.Customer;

public interface ICustomer {
    @Insert("insert into customer(CUST_ID,name,age) values(#{CUST_ID},#{name}, #{age})")
	public void insert(Customer customer);
    @Select("select * from customer where CUST_ID= #{CUST_ID}")
	public Customer findByCustomerId(int custId);
    @Select("select * from customer")
	public List<Customer> queryCustomer();
    @Delete("delete from customer where CUST_ID=#{CUST_ID}")
    public int deleteCustomerById(int id);
}

全部的sql操做由该接口完成，后面的DAO实现类MybatisCustImpDao，实际上仅仅调用该接口的方法：

package com.yiibai.springjdbc.daoimpl;

import java.util.List;

import org.mybatis.spring.support.SqlSessionDaoSupport;

import com.yiibai.springjdbc.bean.Customer;
import com.yiibai.springjdbc.dao.CustomerDAO;
import com.yiibai.springjdbc.mybatisdao.ICustomer;

public class MybatisCustImpDao extends SqlSessionDaoSupport implements CustomerDAO {

	@Override
	public void insert(Customer customer) {
		// TODO 自动生成的方法存根
		this.getSqlSession().getMapper(ICustomer.class).insert(customer);;
	}

	@Override
	public Customer findByCustomerId(int custId) {
		// TODO 自动生成的方法存根
		return this.getSqlSession().getMapper(ICustomer.class).findByCustomerId(custId);
	}

	@Override
	public List<Customer> queryCustomer() throws Exception {
		// TODO 自动生成的方法存根
		return this.getSqlSession().getMapper(ICustomer.class).queryCustomer();
	}

}

mybatis的配置文件mybatiscust.xml放在com.yiibai.springjdbc下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
	<typeAliases>
		<typeAlias alias="Customer" type="com.yiibai.springjdbc.bean.Customer" />
	</typeAliases>
	<environments default="development">
		<environment id="development">
			<transactionManager type="JDBC" />
			<dataSource type="POOLED">
				<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
				<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/yiibai?useSSL=false" />
				<property name="username" value="your-user" />
				<property name="password" value="your-passwd" />
			</dataSource>
		</environment>
	</environments>

	<mappers>
		<!-- XML的方式 注册映射配置文件-->
		<!-- <mapper resource="com/yiibai/springjdbc/bean/CustMybatis.xml" /> -->
     	<!--接口的方式  注册接口-->
     	<mapper class="com.yiibai.springjdbc.mybatisdao.ICustomer"/>
  	</mappers>
	
</configuration>

bean必须注入sqlSessionFactory或sqlSessionTemplate。仍是在中spring-dao.xml配置：

<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
		<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
		<property name="configLocation"
			value="classpath:com/yiibai/springjdbc/mybatiscust.xml" />
	</bean>
	<bean id="CustomerDao" class="com.yiibai.springjdbc.daoimpl.MybatisCustImpDao">
			<property name="sqlSessionFactory" ref="sqlSessionFactory" />
	</bean>

或

<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
		<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
		<property name="configLocation"
			value="classpath:com/yiibai/springjdbc/mybatiscust.xml" />
	</bean>
	<bean id="sqlSession" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate">
		<constructor-arg ref="sqlSessionFactory" />
	</bean>
	<bean id="CustomerDao" class="com.yiibai.springjdbc.daoimpl.MybatisCustImpDao">
			<property name="sqlSessionTemplate" ref="sqlSession" />
	</bean>

主程序仍是不变。

参考：

Spring Mybatis实例SqlSessionDaoSupport混用xml配置和注解

HibernateTemplate、HibernateDaoSupport两种方法实现增删

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项目的代码和依赖包都在这里，下后解压到eclipse的workspace导入选择import Porojects from File System or Archive。