1. 需求html
将生产环境的流量拷贝到预上线环境或测试环境,这样作有不少好处,好比:nginx
为了实现流量拷贝,Nginx提供了ngx_http_mirror_module模块git
2. 安装Nginxgithub
首页,设置yum仓库。为此,建立一个文件/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repocentos
将如下内容写入文件api
[nginx-stable] name=nginx stable repo baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=1 gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key module_hotfixes=true [nginx-mainline] name=nginx mainline repo baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/centos/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key module_hotfixes=true
yum安装nginx并发
yum install nginx
默认状况下,nginx配置文件是nginx.confapp
通常状况下,nginx.conf文件在 /usr/local/nginx/conf 或者 /etc/nginx 或者 /usr/local/etc/nginx 目录下tcp
为了启动nginx,直接在命令行里输入nginx回车便可ide
# 启动nginx
nginx
# fast shutdown
nginx -s stop
# graceful shutdown
nginx -s quit
# reloading the configuration file
nginx -s reload
# reopening the log files
nginx -s reopen
# list of all running nginx processes
ps -ax | grep nginx
一旦master进程接收到从新加载配置的信号,它将检查新配置文件的语法是否正确,并尝试应用其中提供的配置。若是成功,master进程将启动新的worker进程,并发送消息给旧的worker进程,要求他们shutdown。不然,master进程将回滚所作的更改,并继续使用旧配置。旧的worker进程在接收到关闭命令后,中止接受新的链接,直到全部以前已经接受的链接所有处理完为止。以后,旧的worker进程退出。
nginx的master进程的进程ID,默认状况下,放在nginx.pid文件中,该文件所在的目录通常是/usr/local/nginx/logs 或者 /var/run
还能够这样中止nginx
kill -s QUIT 3997
初始配置文件长这样:
user nginx;
worker_processes 1;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}
3. ngx_http_mirror_module
The ngx_http_mirror_module module (1.13.4) implements mirroring of an original request by creating background mirror subrequests. Responses to mirror subrequests are ignored.
我是这样理解的,这里,mirror本意是镜子、镜像,这里能够理解就像一个镜像站点同样,将全部的请求都收集起来,这个镜像就表明了全部真实有效的原始请求。有了这个镜像,后续咱们才可能用这个镜像去作一些事情,好比重现一下全部的请求,这就实现了把线上的流程复制到别的地方。
官网给出的示例却是很简单,以下:
location / {
mirror /mirror;
proxy_pass http://backend;
}
location = /mirror {
internal;
proxy_pass http://test_backend$request_uri;
}
若是请求体被镜像,那么在建立子请求以前会先读取请求体
location / { mirror /mirror; mirror_request_body off; proxy_pass http://backend; } location = /mirror { internal; proxy_pass http://log_backend; proxy_pass_request_body off; proxy_set_header Content-Length ""; proxy_set_header X-Original-URI $request_uri; }
前面咱们安装了Nginx,可是里面没有包含咱们所需的ngx_http_mirror_module模块,所以,真正要使用的时候最好仍是采用自定义安装,即从源码构建
首先,下载源码 http://nginx.org/en/download.html
接下来,编译安装,例如:
./configure
--sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx
--conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf
--pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid
--with-http_ssl_module
--without-http_limit_req_module
--without-http_mirror_module
--with-pcre=../pcre-8.43
--with-zlib=../zlib-1.2.11
--add-module=/path/to/ngx_devel_kit
--add-module=/path/to/lua-nginx-module
make & make install
配置
upstream api.abc.com { server 127.0.0.1:8080; } upstream tapi.abc.com { server 127.0.0.1:8081; } server { listen 80; # 源站点 location /api { proxy_pass http://api.cjs.com; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; # 流量复制 mirror /newapi; mirror /mirror2; mirror /mirror3; # 复制请求体 mirror_request_body on; } # 镜像站点 location /tapi { proxy_pass http://tapi.cjs.com$request_uri; proxy_pass_request_body on; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; } }
4. 文档
Nginx文档
http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_mirror_module.html
http://nginx.org/en/docs/beginners_guide.html
http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_core_module.html#location
http://nginx.org/en/docs/configure.html
第三方模板
https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/
https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/modules/lua/
https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/modules/index.html
https://github.com/openresty/lua-nginx-module
补充
# 查看进程运行时间
ps -eo pid,user,lstart,etime,cmd | grep nginx
# 查看已经创建链接的数量
netstat -an | grep ESTABLISHED | wc -l
# 查看80端口的链接数
netstat -an | grep ":80" | wc -l