目录python
能够用来表示姓名,爱好等git
字符就至关于一个一个的山楂,字符串至关于一个糖葫芦。字符串就向糖葫芦同样将山楂,串联起来。字符串就像是一串被串联起来的字符,在单引号,双引号或者三引号内包裹的一串字符。api
name1 = 'chen' name2 = "nick" print(id(name1)) print(type(name1)) print(name1) #输出: 2793468686640 <class 'str'> chen print(id(name2)) print(type(name2)) print(name2) #输出: 2659224937200 <class 'str'> nick
三引号内的字符串定义:spa
须要注意的是,code
==三引号内的字符是能够换行的,换行的时候会输出换行==索引
name3 = """chen nick """ print(name3) #输出: chen nick name4 = '''chen nick ''' print(name4) #输出: chen nick
#打印出来bytes,二进制类型的定义方式。 s=b'chen' print(s) print(type(s)) #输出: b'chen' <class 'bytes'>
带有特殊意义的符号定义字符串ip
s='ch\nen' #\n换行 print(s) print(type(s)) #输出: ch en <class 'str'>
s='ch\ten' #\t缩进4位 print(s) print(type(s)) #输出: ch en <class 'str'>
s='ch\ren' # 原位置打印 print(s) print(type(s)) #输出: en <class 'str'>
s='c\nh\re\tn' print(s) print(type(s)) #输出: c e n <class 'str'> w=r'c\nh\re\tn' #原生打印,取消特殊字符的意义 print(w) print(type(w)) #输出: c\nh\re\tn <class 'str'>
字符串只能加(+),乘(*)以及逻辑比较ci
字符串的拼接,即从新申请一个小空间把俩个字符串都拷贝到一份后在拼接。而不是把一个小空间的变量值复制到另一个变量的小空间内,而后拼接。unicode
msg2 = "my name is 'chen'" msg3 = "my name is 'chen'" print(msg2+msg3) #输出: my name is 'chen'my name is 'chen'
输出:my name is 'chen'my name is 'chen'字符串
注意:==若是字符串内有引号,则包裹字符串的引号和字符串内部的引号不能相同==
name = 'chen' print(name * 10) #输出: chenchenchenchenchenchenchenchenchenchen
注意:==字符串的乘法只能乘以数字。==
msg1 = 'hello' msg2 = 'z' print(msg1 > msg2) #输出: False
注意:==字符串比较大小,按照ASCII码比较,比较的是字母的顺序==
按索引取值(只能取不能改变)
msg = 'hello python' print(f"索引为6:{msg[6]}") 输出: 索引为6: n
切片(顾头不顾尾)
mag = 'hello chen' ###### h e l l o c h e n ###### 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 从前日后的索引序号 ######-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 从后往前的索引序号 ########顾头不顾尾 print(mag[3]) #输出 l print(mag[:]) #输出 hello chen print(mag[3:]) #输出 lo chen print(mag[:3]) #输出 hel print(mag[3:8]) #输出lo ch print(mag[::]) #输出hello chen print(mag[::3]) #输出 hlcn print(mag[:3:]) #输出 hel print(mag[3::]) #输出 lo chen print(mag[3:8:2])# 步长位2 #输出 l h print(mag[3:8:]) #输出 lo ch print(mag[3::2]) #输出 l hn print(mag[:8:2]) #输出 hloc print(mag[-2:-5:1])#正序 #输出 print(mag[-2:-5:-1])#倒叙 #输出ehc print(mag[::-1]) #输出nehc olleh
长度len
mag = 'hello chen' print(len(mag)) #输出: 10
成员变量in or not in
mag = 'hello chen' print('hello' in mag)#判断字符是否在字符串中 # 输出:True print('chen' not in mag) # 输出:False
移除空白strip(移除的字符必须在两端)
mag= ' chenshuai ' print(mag.strip())#去掉俩边空格 ##输出: chen shuai mag = '&&&hello chen' print(mag.strip('&'))#指定多个字符,能够去掉 #输出:hello chen print('&&&hello chen'.strip('& ')) #输出:hello chen
切分split(默认以空格切割字符串)
info="chen shuai" print(info.split())#默认以空格为切割符 #输出: ['chen','shuai'] ##split()选中一些符号或者字符 info = "python:male:30" list1 = info.split(":") list2 = info.split(":", 0) # 表示不切 list3 = info.split(":", 1) # 表示以':'为切割符,只切割第一个 list4 = info.split(":", 2) # 表示以':'为切割符,只切割前俩个 list5 = info.split(":", -1) print('list1:',list1) print('list2:',list2) print('list3:',list3) print('list4:',list4) print('list5:',list5) 输出: list1: ['python', 'male', '30'] list2: ['python:male:30'] list3: ['python', 'male:30'] list4: ['python', 'male', '30'] list5: ['python', 'male', '30']
循环
mag = 'hello python' for i in mag: print(i) #输出 : h e l l o p y t h o n
Istrip&rstrip
mag = '&&hello python&&' print(mag.strip('&')) print(mag.lstrip('&'))##去除首部的 print(mag.rstrip('&'))## 取出尾部的 输出: hello python hello python&& &&hello python
lower&upper
mag = 'HELLO python' print(mag) print(mag.upper())##大写 print(mag.lower())## 小写 #输出: HELLO python HELLO PYTHON hello python
startswith&endswith
mag = 'HELLO python' print(mag.startswith('HELLO'))##检测以什么开头 print(mag.endswith('python'))## 检测以什么结尾 #输出: True True
rsplit
## 从右边开始切割 mag = 'hello:python:chen' print(mag.rsplit(':')) print(mag.rsplit(':',1)) #输出: ['hello', 'python', 'chen'] ['hello:python', 'chen']
join
# 拼接 lis = [1,2,'19'] print(':'.join(lis)) # 报错,数字不可和字符串拼接
# str之join() lis = ['chen', 'male', '19'] print(':'.join(lis)) #输出 chen:male:19
replace
msg = 'hello chen' print(msg.replace('chen','python'))#替换 #输出: hello python
isdigit
#检测是否为整数 salary = '111' print(salary.isdigit()) #输出: True salary = '111.1' print(salary.isdigit()) #输出: False
isalpha判断是否为字符
1.find()、rfind()、index()、rindex()、count()
# str之find()、rfind()、index()、rindex()、count() msg = 'my name is tank, tank shi sb, hha' print(f"msg.find('tank'): {msg.find('tank')}") # 找不到返回-1 print(f"msg.find('tank',0,3): {msg.find('tank',0,3)}") print(f"msg.rfind('tank'): {msg.rfind('tank')}") # 找不到返回-1 print(f"msg.index('tank'): {msg.index('tank')}") # 找不到报错 print(f"msg.rindex('tank'): {msg.rindex('tank')}") # 找不到报错 print(f"msg.count('tank'): {msg.count('tank')}") msg.find('tank'): 11 msg.find('tank',0,3): -1 msg.rfind('tank'): 17 msg.index('tank'): 11 msg.rindex('tank'): 17 msg.count('tank'): 2
2.center()、ljust()、rjust()、zfill()
# str之center()、ljust()、rjust()、zfill() print(f"'info nick'.center(50,'*'): {'info nick'.center(50,'*')}") print(f"'info nick'.ljust(50,'*'): {'info nick'.ljust(50,'*')}") print(f"'info nick'.rjust(50,'*'): {'info nick'.rjust(50,'*')}") print(f"'info nick'.zfill(50): {'info nick'.zfill(50)}") # 默认用0填充 'info nick'.center(50,'*'): ********************info nick********************* 'info nick'.ljust(50,'*'): info nick***************************************** 'info nick'.rjust(50,'*'): *****************************************info nick 'info nick'.zfill(50): 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000info nick
3.expandtabs()
扩张,只针对字符串里面有\t的字符串
# str之expandtabs() print(f"a\\tb\\tc: %s"%('a\tb\tc\t')) # 默认制表符8个空格 print(f"'a\\tb\\tc'.expandtabs(32): %s"%('a\tb\tc\t'.expandtabs(32))) a\tb\tc: a b c 'a\tb\tc'.expandtabs(32): a b c
4.captalize()、swapcase()、title():只针对单词
# str之captalize()、swapcase()、title() name = 'nick handsome sWAPCASE' print(f"name.capitalize(): {name.capitalize()}") print(f"name.swapcase(): {name.swapcase()}") # 大小写互转 print(f"name.title(): {name.title()}") name.capitalize(): Nick handsome swapcase name.swapcase(): NICK HANDSOME Swapcase name.title(): Nick Handsome Swapcase
5.is数字系列(只是为了告诉你,判断是否为数字时除了中文数字之后使用isdigit()便可)
num = "1" #unicode num.isdigit() # True num.isdecimal() # True num.isnumeric() # True num = "1" # 全角 num.isdigit() # True num.isdecimal() # True num.isnumeric() # True num = b"1" # byte num.isdigit() # True num.isdecimal() # AttributeError 'bytes' object has no attribute 'isdecimal' num.isnumeric() # AttributeError 'bytes' object has no attribute 'isnumeric' num = "IV" # 罗马数字 num.isdigit() # True num.isdecimal() # False num.isnumeric() # True num = "四" # 汉字 num.isdigit() # False num.isdecimal() # False num.isnumeric() # True =================== isdigit() True: Unicode数字,byte数字(单字节),全角数字(双字节),罗马数字 False: 汉字数字 Error: 无 isdecimal() True: Unicode数字,全角数字(双字节) False: 罗马数字,汉字数字 Error: byte数字(单字节) isnumeric() True: Unicode数字,全角数字(双字节),罗马数字,汉字数字 False: 无 Error: byte数字(单字节) ================ import unicodedata unicodedata.digit("2") # 2 unicodedata.decimal("2") # 2 unicodedata.numeric("2") # 2.0 unicodedata.digit("2") # 2 unicodedata.decimal("2") # 2 unicodedata.numeric("2") # 2.0 unicodedata.digit(b"3") # TypeError: must be str, not bytes unicodedata.decimal(b"3") # TypeError: must be str, not bytes unicodedata.numeric(b"3") # TypeError: must be str, not bytes unicodedata.digit("Ⅷ") # ValueError: not a digit unicodedata.decimal("Ⅷ") # ValueError: not a decimal unicodedata.numeric("Ⅷ") # 8.0 unicodedata.digit("四") # ValueError: not a digit unicodedata.decimal("四") # ValueError: not a decimal unicodedata.numeric("四") # 4.0 #"〇","零","一","壱","二","弐","三","参","四","五","六","七","八","九","十","廿","卅","卌","百","千","万","万","亿"
6.is其余
4.存一个值or多个值:一个值
5.有序or无序:只要是有索引的,都是有序的,所以字符串是有序的。
name = 'nick' print(f'first:{id(name)}') name = 'nick handsome' print(f'second:{id(name)}') first:4377100160 second:4377841264
6.可变or不可变:不可变数据类型