DNS服务之DNS正反向解析

时间  2019-11-09 标签 dns 服务 反向 解析

DNS服务之DNS正反向解析

做用：解析域名服务，用来解析互联网中的域名，是基于应用层的协议

安装

bind：服务端工具包，以named帐号来运行此软件
bind-utils：客户端工具包 数据库

配置文件详解：

/etc/named.conf ##全局配置文件
/etc/named.rfc1912.zones ##指定区域配置文件centos

options {
        listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; };  ##指定IP和端口与主机进行绑定
        listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };  ##指定的Ipv6的地址
        directory       "/var/named";   ##数据库文件的所在位置 
        dump-file       "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db"; 
        statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt"; 
        memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt"; 
        recursing-file  "/var/named/data/named.recursing"; 
        secroots-file   "/var/named/data/named.secroots"; 
        allow-query     { localhost; };  ##限制查询的主机

配置正反向解析

编辑/etc/named.conf，配置全部的主机均可以进行解析

options {
        listen-on port 53 { any; };  ##配置改主机全部ip能够提供解析服务
        listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
        directory       "/var/named";
        dump-file       "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
        statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
        memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
        recursing-file  "/var/named/data/named.recursing";
        secroots-file   "/var/named/data/named.secroots";
        allow-query     { any; };  ##配置全部主机能够查询

编辑/etc/named.rfc1912.zones，把全部配置删除，并加入以下配置

zone "sunwukong.com" IN {  ##指定要解析的域
        type master;  ##类型为主服务
        file "suwukong.zone";  ##指解析域的文件名
};
zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {   ##指定反向解析域     
            type master;
        file "kongwusun.zone";  ##指定反向解析域的文件名
};

配置完成后可用named-checkconf来检查配置文件是否存在语法错误

配置解析域的文件：

解析域文件的所在位置是/var/named，首先要进入此文件夹中，在其中有对应的模板，能够对照着模板进行改动。ide

[root@localhost ~] cd /var/named/
[root@localhost named] cp -p named.localhost sunwukong.zone  ##拷贝正向解析文件模板，且文件名要和区域配置的文件名同样
[root@localhost named] cp -p named.loopback kongwusun.zone  ##拷贝方向区域模板

配置解析域文件：

$TTL 1D
@       IN SOA  ns1.suwukong.com. rname.invalid. (
                                        0       ; serial
                                        1D      ; refresh
                                        1H      ; retry
                                        1W      ; expire
                                        3H )    ; minimum
        NS      ns1
ns1     A       192.168.1.19
ftp     A       192.168.1.20
smb     A      192.168.1.21

反向解析域文件：

$TTL 1D
@       IN SOA  ns1.sunwukong.com. rname.invalid. (
                                        0       ; serial
                                        1D      ; refresh
                                        1H      ; retry
                                        1W      ; expire
                                        3H )    ; minimum
        NS      ns1.sunwukong.com.
19     PTR     ns1.sunwukong.com.
20    PTR     ftp.sunwukong.com.
21    PTR     smb.sunwukong.com.

用named-checkzone检查配置文件是否存在错误工具

[root@localhost named] named-checkzone sunwukong.com sunwukong.zone ##检查正向解析文件
zone sunwukong.com/IN: loaded serial 0
OK
[root@localhost named] named-checkzone 1.168.192.in-addr.arpa kongwusun.zone   ##检查方向配置文件是否存在错误
zone 1.168.192.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 0
OK

都检查无误后，便可启动服务，若是没有任何错误，则启动服务时没有任何提示（仅限centos7，centos6上启动服务成功后会有成功的提示）
systemctl start named ##centos7上启动
service start named ##centos6上启动oop

测试域名解析是否生效：

能够用多个命令来进行域名解析，如nslookup，host，dig等，下面用dig命令来演示DNS的解析服务测试

1，检查sunwukong.com域的ns

[root@localhost named]# dig -t ns sunwukong.com @192.168.1.19

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-72.el7 <<>> -t ns sunwukong.com @192.168.1.19
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 14217
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 2

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;sunwukong.com.         IN  NS

;; ANSWER SECTION:
sunwukong.com.      86400   IN  NS  ns1.sunwukong.com.  ##查询到的ns记录

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns1.sunwukong.com.  86400   IN  A   192.168.1.19  ##查询到的ns记录的IP地址

;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.19#53(192.168.1.19)
;; WHEN: Mon Apr 22 22:35:43 EDT 2019
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 76

2，查询ftp.sunwukong.com的IP地址

[root@localhost named]# dig -t A ftp.sunwukong.com @192.168.1.19

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-72.el7 <<>> -t A ftp.sunwukong.com @192.168.1.19
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 36554
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;ftp.sunwukong.com.     IN  A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
ftp.sunwukong.com.  86400   IN  A   192.168.1.20  ##查询到的IP地址

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
sunwukong.com.      86400   IN  NS  ns1.sunwukong.com.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns1.sunwukong.com.  86400   IN  A   192.168.1.19

;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.19#53(192.168.1.19)
;; WHEN: Mon Apr 22 22:54:42 EDT 2019
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 96

3，查询反向域的ns的域名

[root@localhost named]# dig -x 192.168.1.19 @192.168.1.19

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-72.el7 <<>> -x 192.168.1.19 @192.168.1.19
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 6464
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;19.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa. IN  PTR

;; ANSWER SECTION:
19.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 86400 IN PTR ns1.sunwukong.com.  ##查询到反向域的ns的域名

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
1.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 86400   IN  NS  ns1.sunwukong.com.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns1.sunwukong.com.  86400   IN  A   192.168.1.19

;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.19#53(192.168.1.19)
;; WHEN: Mon Apr 22 22:59:25 EDT 2019
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 115

4，查询方向域中对应的域名

[root@localhost named]# dig -x 192.168.1.20 @192.168.1.19

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-72.el7 <<>> -x 192.168.1.20 @192.168.1.19
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 52555
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;20.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa. IN  PTR

;; ANSWER SECTION:
20.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 86400 IN PTR ftp.sunwukong.com.  ##查询到IP地址的域名

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
1.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 86400   IN  NS  ns1.sunwukong.com.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns1.sunwukong.com.  86400   IN  A   192.168.1.19

;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.19#53(192.168.1.19)
;; WHEN: Mon Apr 22 23:24:55 EDT 2019
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 119

扩展：指定某一台主机，或某个网段能够查询

指定某台主机查询：

编辑配置文件/etc/named.conf，指定可查询的主机的IP地址centos7

options {
    listen-on port 53 { any; };
    listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
    directory   "/var/named";
    dump-file   "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
    statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
    memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
    recursing-file  "/var/named/data/named.recursing";
    secroots-file   "/var/named/data/named.secroots";
    allow-query     { 192.168.1.35; };  ##指定主机IP

重启服务，并用192.168.1.35的主机进行测试code

[root@localhost named]# dig -t A ftp.sunwukong.com @192.168.1.19

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-72.el7 <<>> -t A ftp.sunwukong.com @192.168.1.19
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 249
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;ftp.sunwukong.com.     IN  A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
ftp.sunwukong.com.  86400   IN  A   192.168.1.20

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
sunwukong.com.      86400   IN  NS  ns1.sunwukong.com.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns1.sunwukong.com.  86400   IN  A   192.168.1.19

;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.19#53(192.168.1.19)
;; WHEN: Mon Apr 22 23:31:19 EDT 2019
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 96

从结果中看到该主机能够查询，那么用主机IP为192.168.1.20的进行查询，看是否可以查询成功ip

[root@localhost ~]# dig -t A ftp.sunwukong.com @192.168.1.19

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-72.el7 <<>> -t A ftp.sunwukong.com @192.168.1.19
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: REFUSED, id: 36738
;; flags: qr rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;ftp.sunwukong.com.     IN  A

;; Query time: 2 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.19#53(192.168.1.19)
;; WHEN: Mon Apr 22 23:33:41 EDT 2019
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 46

指定某个网段能够查询：

编辑配置文件/etc/named.conf，指定可查询的网段cmd

options {
    listen-on port 53 { any; };
    listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
    directory   "/var/named";
    dump-file   "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
    statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
    memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
    recursing-file  "/var/named/data/named.recursing";
    secroots-file   "/var/named/data/named.secroots";
    allow-query     { 192.168.1.1/24; };  ##指定可查询的网段

改动配置文件后重启服务，拿刚才没法查询，IP为192.168.1.20的主机进行测试，看可否查询

[root@localhost ~]# dig -t A ftp.sunwukong.com @192.168.1.19

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-72.el7 <<>> -t A ftp.sunwukong.com @192.168.1.19
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 16118
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;ftp.sunwukong.com.     IN  A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
ftp.sunwukong.com.  86400   IN  A   192.168.1.20  ##查看该域名的IP地址

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
sunwukong.com.      86400   IN  NS  ns1.sunwukong.com.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns1.sunwukong.com.  86400   IN  A   192.168.1.19

;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.19#53(192.168.1.19)
;; WHEN: Mon Apr 22 23:36:17 EDT 2019
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 96
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