Greenplum 5.21.1 集群安装部署

简单来讲GPDB是一个分布式数据库软件，其能够管理和处理分布在多个不一样主机上的海量数据。对于GPDB来讲，一个DB实例其实是由多个独立的PostgreSQL实例组成的，它们分布在不一样的物理主机上，协同工做，呈现给用户的是一个DB的效果。Master是GPDB系统的访问入口，其负责处理客户端的链接及SQL 命令、协调系统中的其余Instance(Segment)工做，Segment负责管理和处理用户数据。

环境准备：
操做系统：CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core) 64位
master 1台（架构图中的主节点），Standby 1台（架构图中的从节点），Segment 2台。共4台服务器。

1、Master主机 Root 用户上操做

1. 修改/etc/hosts文件，添加下面内容（注：4台服务器相同的配置）

vim /etc/hosts

192.168.18.130 gp-master 192.168.18.131 gp-standby 192.168.18.132 gp-node1 192.168.18.133 gp-node2

2. 服务器关闭selinux，防火墙4台服务器相互开放，测试环境能够直接先关闭防火墙。（注：4台服务器相同的配置）

关闭Firewalld

systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

永久关闭Selinux

vim /etc/selinux/conf

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system. # SELINUX= can take one of these three values: # enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced. # permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing. # disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded. SELINUX=disabled # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values: # targeted - Targeted processes are protected, # minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected. # mls - Multi Level Security protection. SELINUXTYPE=targeted 

注：查看Selinux运行状态：getenforce，CLI界面非永久生效设置SeLinux：setenforce 0（0-1对应关闭和开启）

3. 操做系统参数设置

 vim /etc/sysctl.conf   （注：4台服务器相同的配置）

kernel.shmmax = 500000000 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.shmall = 4000000000 kernel.sem = 250 512000 100 2048 kernel.sysrq = 1 kernel.core_uses_pid = 1 kernel.msgmnb = 65536 kernel.msgmax = 65536 net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 4096 net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_filter = 1 net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_filter = 1 net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 10000 vm.overcommit_memory = 2 kernel.msgmni = 2048 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1025 65535

 vim /etc/security/limits.conf  （注：4台服务器相同的配置）

* soft nofile 65536
* hard nofile 65536
* soft nproc 131072
* hard nproc 131072

磁盘预读参数及 deadline算法修改 （注：4台服务器相同的配置）

blockdev --setra 65536 /dev/sda echo deadline > /sys/block/sda/queue/scheduler

注：磁盘盘符sda需根据本身的实际状况进行配置

软件下载地址：https://network.pivotal.io/products/pivotal-gpdb，下载：greenplum-db-5.21.1-rhel7-x86_64.rpm

在Master主机上安装GP二进制文件，也就是主机名是mdw的服务器。（注：在master上安装便可，后面经过批量的方法安装剩下的服务器）

rpm -ivh greenplum-db-5.21.1-rhel7-x86_64.rpm

注：默认安装目录：/usr/local

 在Master上添加gpadmin用户

adduser gpadmin echo gpadmin | passwd --stdin gpadmin

 注：设置密码为了后面gpssh-exkeys -f hostfile_allhosts 使用

 在Master上给gpadmin用户提权

[root@gp-master ~]# visudo gpadmin ALL=(ALL) ALL gpadmin ALL=(ALL)       NOPASSWD:ALL

在Master主机上赋予gpadmin用户Greenplum文件夹的的权限

chown -R gpadmin.gpadmin /usr/local/greenplum-db*

 2、Master 主机 Gpadmin用户上操做

准备用于批量安装软件以及后续集群的初始化文件，hostfile_allhosts，hostfile_segments，hostfile_mshosts，存放到/home/gpadmin

su - gpadmin

vim hostfile_allhosts

gp-master
gp-standby
gp-node1
gp-node2

vim hostfile_segments

gp-node1 gp-node2

vim hostfile_mshosts

gp-master gp-standby

设置各主机之间免密登陆

gpssh-exkeys -f hostfile_allhosts

注：需输入gpadmin用户的密码，此处为：gpadmin

设置用于安装Greenplum的文件夹权限

gpssh -f hostfile_allhosts => sudo chown gpadmin.gpadmin /usr/local => exit

建立及赋权master/standby主机元数据存储目录

gpssh -f hostfile_mshosts =>sudo mkdir /data/greenplum_data/gpmaster =>sudo chown -R gpadmin.gpadmin /data
=>exit

建立及赋权Segments主机数据存储目录

gpssh -f hostfile_segments =>sudo mkdir /data/greenplum_data/{primary,mirror}
=>sudo chown -R gpadmin.gpadmin /data
=>exit

批量安装软件（GP）

cd /home/gpadmin/ source /usr/local/greenplum-db/greenplum_path.sh gpseginstall -f hostfile_allhosts -u gpadmin -p gpadmin

设置NTP同步

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 Yum下载安装NTP服务器，已安装的能够略过

sudo yum install ntp -y

若出现以下报错，可看下一步解决方法

There was a problem importing one of the Python modules required to run yum. The error leading to this problem was: No module named yum Please install a package which provides this module, or verify that the module is installed correctly. It's possible that the above module doesn't match the current version of Python, which is: 2.7.13 (r266:84292, Jan 22 2014, 09:37:14) [GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-4)] If you cannot solve this problem yourself, please go to the yum faq at: http://yum.baseurl.org/wiki/Faq

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解决方法：

unset PYTHONHOME
unset PYTHONPATH
unset LD_LIBRARY_PATH

 再进行yum安装以后，再修改回来，使得GP能正常使用

source /usr/local/greenplum-db/greenplum_path.sh

注：报错缘由：在安装GP集群以后，会在master节点中的环境变量中会增长 PYTHONHOME，PYTHONPATH，LD_LIBRARY_PATH几项，而且会修改本来的path。

补充：LD_LIBRARY_PATH 该环境变量主要用于指定查找共享库（动态连接库）时除了默认路径以外的其余路径。

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在每一个Segment主机，编辑/etc/ntp.conf文件。设置第一个server参数指向Master主机，第二个server参数指向Standby主机。以下面：

sudo vim /etc/ntp.conf

server gp-master prefer
server gp-standby

在Standby主机，编辑/etc/ntp.conf文件。设置第一个server参数指向Master主机，第二个参数指向数据中心的时间服务器。

sudo vim /etc/ntp.conf

server gp-master prefer

在Master主机，使用NTP守护进程同步全部Segment主机的系统时钟。例如，使用gpssh来完成：

gpssh -f hostfile_allhosts -v -e 'ntpd'

 输出以下表明成功：

[root@gp-master gpadmin]# gpssh -f all_hosts -v -e 'ntpd' [WARN] Reference default values as $MASTER_DATA_DIRECTORY/gpssh.conf could not be found Using delaybeforesend 0.05 and prompt_validation_timeout 1.0 [Reset ...] [INFO] login mdw [INFO] login smdw [INFO] login sdw1 [INFO] login sdw2 [ mdw] ntpd [smdw] ntpd [sdw1] ntpd [sdw2] ntpd [INFO] completed successfully [Cleanup...]

配置Greenplum初始化文件

cp $GPHOME/docs/cli_help/gpconfigs/gpinitsystem_config   /home/gpadmin/gpinitsystem_config chmod 775 gpinitsystem_config

 相关配置以下：

[gpadmin@gp-master ~]$ cat gpinitsystem_config # FILE NAME: gpinitsystem_config # Configuration file needed by the gpinitsystem ################################################ #### REQUIRED PARAMETERS ################################################ #### Name of this Greenplum system enclosed in quotes. ARRAY_NAME="Greenplum Data Platform" #### Naming convention for utility-generated data directories. SEG_PREFIX=gpseg #### Base number by which primary segment port numbers #### are calculated. PORT_BASE=40000 #### File system location(s) where primary segment data directories #### will be created. The number of locations in the list dictate #### the number of primary segments that will get created per #### physical host (if multiple addresses for a host are listed in #### the hostfile, the number of segments will be spread evenly across #### the specified interface addresses). declare -a DATA_DIRECTORY=(/data/greenplum_data/primary) #### OS-configured hostname or IP address of the master host. MASTER_HOSTNAME=k8s-master #### File system location where the master data directory #### will be created. MASTER_DIRECTORY=/data/greenplum_data/gpmaster #### Port number for the master instance. MASTER_PORT=5432 #### Shell utility used to connect to remote hosts. TRUSTED_SHELL=ssh #### Maximum log file segments between automatic WAL checkpoints. CHECK_POINT_SEGMENTS=8 #### Default server-side character set encoding. ENCODING=UTF-8 ################################################ #### OPTIONAL MIRROR PARAMETERS ################################################ #### Base number by which mirror segment port numbers #### are calculated. MIRROR_PORT_BASE=43000 #### Base number by which primary file replication port #### numbers are calculated. REPLICATION_PORT_BASE=34000 #### Base number by which mirror file replication port #### numbers are calculated. MIRROR_REPLICATION_PORT_BASE=44000 #### File system location(s) where mirror segment data directories #### will be created. The number of mirror locations must equal the #### number of primary locations as specified in the #### DATA_DIRECTORY parameter. declare -a MIRROR_DATA_DIRECTORY=(/data/greenplum_data/mirror) ################################################ #### OTHER OPTIONAL PARAMETERS ################################################ #### Create a database of this name after initialization. DATABASE_NAME=testDB #### Specify the location of the host address file here instead of #### with the the -h option of gpinitsystem. MACHINE_LIST_FILE=/home/gpadmin/hostfile_segments

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 运行初始化工具初始化数据库

source /usr/local/greenplum-db/greenplum_path.sh gpinitsystem -c gpinitsystem_config

初始化日志:

20160827:16:23:11:002458 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Review options for gpinitstandby
20160827:16:23:11:002458 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-------------------------------------------------------
20160827:16:23:11:002458 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-The Master /data/master/gpseg-1/pg_hba.conf post gpinitsystem
20160827:16:23:11:002458 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-has been configured to allow all hosts within this new
20160827:16:23:11:002458 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-array to intercommunicate. Any hosts external to this
20160827:16:23:11:002458 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-new array must be explicitly added to this file
20160827:16:23:11:002458 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Refer to the Greenplum Admin support guide which is
20160827:16:23:11:002458 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-located in the /usr/local/greenplum-db/./docs directory
20160827:16:23:11:002458 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-------------------------------------------------------

如今只有1个master，2个segment，没有standby，那么接下来把standby加入集群。

在Master服务器上执行

gpinitstandby -s gp-standby

输出以下：

[gpadmin@mdw ~]$ gpinitstandby -s smdw 20160827:16:59:24:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Validating environment and parameters for standby initialization... 20160827:16:59:25:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Checking for filespace directory /data/master/gpseg-1 on smdw 20160827:16:59:25:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:------------------------------------------------------
20160827:16:59:25:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Greenplum standby master initialization parameters 20160827:16:59:25:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:------------------------------------------------------
20160827:16:59:25:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Greenplum master hostname               = mdw 20160827:16:59:25:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Greenplum master data directory         = /data/master/gpseg-1
20160827:16:59:25:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Greenplum master port                   = 5432
20160827:16:59:25:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Greenplum standby master hostname       = smdw 20160827:16:59:25:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Greenplum standby master port           = 5432
20160827:16:59:25:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Greenplum standby master data directory = /data/master/gpseg-1
20160827:16:59:25:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Greenplum update system catalog         = On 20160827:16:59:25:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:------------------------------------------------------
20160827:16:59:25:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Filespace locations 20160827:16:59:25:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:------------------------------------------------------
20160827:16:59:25:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-pg_system -> /data/master/gpseg-1 Do you want to continue with standby master initialization? Yy|Nn (default=N): > y 20160827:16:59:31:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Syncing Greenplum Database extensions to standby 20160827:16:59:31:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-The packages on smdw are consistent. 20160827:16:59:31:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Adding standby master to catalog... 20160827:16:59:31:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Database catalog updated successfully. 20160827:16:59:31:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Updating pg_hba.conf file... 20160827:16:59:37:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-pg_hba.conf files updated successfully. 20160827:16:59:39:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Updating filespace flat files... 20160827:16:59:39:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Filespace flat file updated successfully. 20160827:16:59:39:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Starting standby master 20160827:16:59:39:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Checking if standby master is running on host: smdw  in directory: /data/master/gpseg-1
20160827:16:59:40:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Cleaning up pg_hba.conf backup files... 20160827:16:59:46:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Backup files of pg_hba.conf cleaned up successfully. 20160827:16:59:46:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Successfully created standby master on gp-standby

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查看启动进程：

[gpadmin@gp-master ~]$ ps -ef | grep postgres gpadmin 10975     1  0 00:57 ?        00:00:00 /usr/local/greenplum-db-5.21.1/bin/postgres -D /data/greenplum_data/gpmaster/gpseg-1 -p 5432 --gp_dbid=1 --gp_num_contents_in_cluster=2 --silent-mode=true -i -M master --gp_contentid=-1 -x 0 -E gpadmin 10976 10975  0 00:57 ?        00:00:00 postgres:  5432, master logger process gpadmin 10979 10975  0 00:57 ?        00:00:00 postgres:  5432, stats collector process gpadmin 10980 10975  0 00:57 ?        00:00:01 postgres:  5432, writer process gpadmin 10981 10975  0 00:57 ?        00:00:00 postgres:  5432, checkpointer process gpadmin 10982 10975  0 00:57 ?        00:00:00 postgres:  5432, seqserver process gpadmin 10983 10975  0 00:57 ?        00:00:00 postgres:  5432, ftsprobe process gpadmin 10984 10975  0 00:57 ?        00:00:00 postgres:  5432, sweeper process gpadmin 10985 10975  0 00:57 ?        00:00:05 postgres:  5432, stats sender process gpadmin 10986 10975  0 00:57 ?        00:00:01 postgres:  5432, wal writer process gpadmin 11279 10975  0 00:59 ?        00:00:00 postgres:  5432, wal sender process gpadmin 192.168.18.131(53573) streaming 0/C05A028 gpadmin 16800 16608  0 04:15 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto postgres

设置gpadmin用户环境变量，Master，Standby都需设置。 

vim /home/gpadmin/.bashrc

[gpadmin@gp-master ~]$ cat .bashrc # .bashrc # Source global definitions if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then . /etc/bashrc fi # Uncomment the following line if you don't like systemctl's auto-paging feature: # export SYSTEMD_PAGER= # User specific aliases and functions source /usr/local/greenplum-db/greenplum_path.sh export MASTER_DATA_DIRECTORY=/data/greenplum_data/gpmaster/gpseg-1 export PGPRORT=5432 export PGDATABASE=testDB

[gpadmin@gp-master ~]$ scp .bashrc gp-standby:`pwd`

启动和中止数据库测试是否能正常启动和关闭，命令以下

gpstart
gpstop 

到此 Greenplum 就部署完成了。下面进行一些简单的测试。

登陆数据库：psql -d postgres

建表，插入，查询

postgres=# create table student ( no int primary key,student_name varchar(40),age int);
NOTICE:  CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "student_pkey" for table "student"
CREATE TABLE
postgres=# insert into student values(1,'yayun',18);
INSERT 0 1
postgres=# select * from student;
 no | student_name | age 
----+--------------+-----
  1 | yayun        |  18
(1 row)