WPF 窗口大小自适应

时间 2020-07-09

标签 wpf 窗口大小自适应栏目 CSS 繁體版

原文原文链接

在设置桌面不一样分辨率以及较大DPI下，窗口如何显示的问题。html

方案一设置窗口最大值和最小值显示

经过对比当前屏幕的可显示区域，将窗口高宽最大值和最小值，设置为窗口的实际高宽（此例中仅设置高度）express

界面设置

设置窗口内容自适应SizeToContent="WidthAndHeight"
添加ViewBox -- 设置默认不拉伸Stretch="None"，当DPI超大时如超过1920*1080p的175%（即win10默认不支持的比例显示），开启ViewBox缩放
顶层布局容器RootGrid添加高宽最大值和最小值。

 1 <Window x:Class="WindowHeightChangedForDpi.MainWindow"
 2         xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
 3         xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
 4         xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
 5         xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
 6         xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WindowHeightChangedForDpi"
 7         mc:Ignorable="d"
 8         Title="MainWindow" SizeToContent="WidthAndHeight" WindowStartupLocation="CenterScreen">
 9     <Viewbox x:Name="RootViewbox" Stretch="None">
10         <Grid x:Name="RootGrid" Width="1000" MaxHeight="680" MinHeight="520" ClipToBounds="True">
11 
12         </Grid>
13     </Viewbox>
14 </Window>

后台设置 - 窗口大小自适应设置

添加对Loaded事件的监听，并在以后注销。窗口只须要首次初始其高度便可。
获取屏幕的高度和任务栏的高度 -- 具体能够参考C# 获取当前屏幕的宽高和位置
比较当前可显示高度（屏幕高度-任务栏高度）与窗口的最大/最小高度，而后设置当前窗口的实际高度。
若是可显示高度比最小值还小，则开启ViewBox内容缩放。ViewBox的高度为当前可显示高度。
若是当前窗口有阴影，可设置阴影高度大小。保证窗口在可显示区域内正常显示。

 1     public partial class MainWindow : Window  2  {  3         public MainWindow()  4  {  5  InitializeComponent();  6             Loaded += InitWindowActualHeight_OnLoaded;  7  }  8 
 9         #region 设置窗口对屏幕高度的自适应
10 
11         private void InitWindowActualHeight_OnLoaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) 12  { 13             Loaded -= InitWindowActualHeight_OnLoaded; 14  InitWindowActualHeight(); 15  } 16 
17         private const double WindowShadowHeight = 0; 18 
19         private void InitWindowActualHeight() 20  { 21             //获取窗体所在屏幕的高度
22             var visibleAreaHeight = GetScreenHeight(); 23 
24             //可显示高度 > 窗口最大高度
25             if (visibleAreaHeight > RootGrid.MaxHeight + WindowShadowHeight) 26  { 27                 //设置高度等于最大高度
28                 RootGrid.Height = RootGrid.MaxHeight; 29  } 30             //可显示高度 < 窗口最小高度
31             else if (visibleAreaHeight < RootGrid.MinHeight + WindowShadowHeight) 32  { 33                 //设置Viewbox高度=可视高度-阴影高度（此处经过绽开显示窗口，因此不能经过设置窗口或者设置内容的高度来实现）
34                 RootViewbox.Height = visibleAreaHeight - WindowShadowHeight; 35                 //等比例缩小
36                 RootViewbox.Stretch = Stretch.Uniform; 37  } 38             else
39  { 40                 //设置高度等于最小高度
41                 RootGrid.Height = RootGrid.MinHeight; 42  } 43  } 44         const double DpiPercent = 96; 45         private double GetScreenHeight() 46  { 47             var intPtr = new WindowInteropHelper(this).Handle;//获取当前窗口的句柄
48             var screen = Screen.FromHandle(intPtr);//获取当前屏幕
49 
50             double height = 0; 51             using (Graphics currentGraphics = Graphics.FromHwnd(intPtr)) 52  { 53                 double dpiXRatio = currentGraphics.DpiX / DpiPercent; 54                 double dpiYRatio = currentGraphics.DpiY / DpiPercent; 55                 height = screen.WorkingArea.Height / dpiYRatio; 56                 //var width = screen.WorkingArea.Width / dpiXRatio; 57                 //var left = screen.WorkingArea.Left / dpiXRatio; 58                 //var top = screen.WorkingArea.Top / dpiYRatio;
59  } 60             return height; 61  } 62         #endregion
63     }

注：获取的屏幕高度为屏幕像素，须要转换为WPF单位。布局

以上只是设置了高度的最大值最值，若是须要，能够对高度设置多个梯度，对应不一样分辨率下的显示。this

下载Demospa

方案二设置窗口为屏幕的百分比（如60%）显示

窗口设置为屏幕的百分比大小（如60%高宽）显示，在这基础上添加限制（最大值、最小值）。code

如此，对多种分辨率、DPI比例，咱们开发时就不须要考虑其它因素，简单明了且全部窗口大小能统一。orm

好比主窗口A设置为屏幕可显示区域的60%大小，二级子窗口设置为可显示区域的40%大小，三级子窗口设置为可显示区域的30%大小。xml

实现方案与案例

经过添加附加属性，设置当前窗口宽为可显示区域的80%大小，高为可显示区域高的75%大小。htm

 1 <Window x:Class="WindowSizeToScreenRatioDisplay.MainWindow"
 2  xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
 3  xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
 4  xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
 5  xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
 6  xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WindowSizeToScreenRatioDisplay"
 7  mc:Ignorable="d"
 8  Title="MainWindow" 
 9  local:WindowAdaptation.WidthByScreenRatio="0.8" MaxWidth="1200" MinWidth="800"
10  local:WindowAdaptation.HeightByScreenRatio="0.75" MaxHeight="800" MinHeight="520">
11     <Grid Background="CornflowerBlue">
12         
13     </Grid>
14 </Window>

添加附加属性 WidthByScreenRatio、HeightByScreenRatio。blog

控制窗口大小：

默认设置为当前屏幕工做区域的显示比例大小
若是超过窗口最大高度/宽高，则显示为窗口最大高度/宽高
若是小于窗口最小高度/宽高，则显示为当前可显示区域的最大高度/宽高

 1     /// <summary>
 2     /// 为窗口<see cref="Window"/>添加附加属性的辅助类  3     /// </summary>
 4     public class WindowAdaptation  5  {  6         #region 窗口宽度比例
 7         /// <summary>
 8         /// 窗口宽度比例 单位:小数(0 - 1.0]  9         /// <para>窗口实际宽度=使用屏幕可显示区域（屏幕高度-任务栏高度）* 窗口宽度比例</para>
 10         /// </summary>
 11         public static readonly DependencyProperty WidthByScreenRatioProperty = DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached(  12             "WidthByScreenRatio", typeof(double), typeof(WindowAdaptation), new PropertyMetadata(1.0, OnWidthByScreenRatioPropertyChanged));  13 
 14         private static void OnWidthByScreenRatioPropertyChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)  15  {  16             if (d is Window window && e.NewValue is double widthByScreenRatio)  17  {  18                 if (widthByScreenRatio <= 0 || widthByScreenRatio > 1)  19  {  20                     throw new ArgumentException($"屏幕比例不支持{widthByScreenRatio}");  21  }  22 
 23                 var screenDisplayArea = GetScreenSize(window);  24                 var screenRatioWidth = screenDisplayArea.Width * widthByScreenRatio;  25 
 26                 if (!double.IsNaN(window.MaxWidth) && screenRatioWidth > window.MaxWidth)  27  {  28                     window.Width = window.MaxWidth;  29  }  30                 else if (!double.IsNaN(window.MinWidth) && screenRatioWidth < window.MinWidth)  31  {  32                     window.Width = screenDisplayArea.Width;  33  }  34                 else
 35  {  36                     window.Width = screenRatioWidth;  37  }  38  }  39  }  40 
 41         public static void SetWidthByScreenRatio(DependencyObject element, double value)  42  {  43  element.SetValue(WidthByScreenRatioProperty, value);  44  }  45 
 46         public static double GetWidthByScreenRatio(DependencyObject element)  47  {  48             return (double)element.GetValue(WidthByScreenRatioProperty);  49  }  50         #endregion
 51 
 52         #region 窗口高度比例
 53         /// <summary>
 54         /// 窗口宽度比例 单位:小数(0 - 1.0]  55         /// <para>窗口实际宽度=使用屏幕可显示区域（屏幕高度-任务栏高度）* 窗口宽度比例</para>
 56         /// </summary>
 57         public static readonly DependencyProperty HeightByScreenRatioProperty = DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached(  58             "HeightByScreenRatio", typeof(double), typeof(WindowAdaptation), new PropertyMetadata(1.0, OnHeightByScreenRatioPropertyChanged));  59 
 60         private static void OnHeightByScreenRatioPropertyChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)  61  {  62             if (d is Window window && e.NewValue is double heightByScreenRatio)  63  {  64                 if (heightByScreenRatio <= 0 || heightByScreenRatio > 1)  65  {  66                     throw new ArgumentException($"屏幕比例不支持{heightByScreenRatio}");  67  }  68 
 69                 var screenDisplayArea = GetScreenSize(window);  70                 var screenRatioHeight = screenDisplayArea.Height * heightByScreenRatio;  71 
 72                 if (!double.IsNaN(window.MaxHeight) && screenRatioHeight > window.MaxHeight)  73  {  74                     window.Height = window.MaxHeight;  75  }  76                 else if (!double.IsNaN(window.MinHeight) && screenRatioHeight < window.MinHeight)  77  {  78                     window.Height = screenDisplayArea.Height;  79  }  80                 else
 81  {  82                     window.Height = screenRatioHeight;  83  }  84  }  85  }  86 
 87         public static void SetHeightByScreenRatio(DependencyObject element, double value)  88  {  89  element.SetValue(HeightByScreenRatioProperty, value);  90  }  91 
 92         public static double GetHeightByScreenRatio(DependencyObject element)  93  {  94             return (double)element.GetValue(HeightByScreenRatioProperty);  95  }  96         #endregion
 97 
 98         const int DpiPercent = 96;  99         private static dynamic GetScreenSize(Window window) 100  { 101             var intPtr = new WindowInteropHelper(window).Handle;//获取当前窗口的句柄
102             var screen = Screen.FromHandle(intPtr);//获取当前屏幕
103             using (Graphics currentGraphics = Graphics.FromHwnd(intPtr)) 104  { 105                 //分别获取当前屏幕X/Y方向的DPI
106                 double dpiXRatio = currentGraphics.DpiX / DpiPercent; 107                 double dpiYRatio = currentGraphics.DpiY / DpiPercent; 108 
109                 var width = screen.WorkingArea.Width / dpiXRatio; 110                 var height = screen.WorkingArea.Height / dpiYRatio; 111 
112                 return new { Width = width, Height = height }; 113  } 114  } 115     }

下载 Demo

下图为1920*1080p的175%DPI显示：

下图为1366*768的125%DPI下显示：