Java应用服务器之tomcat部署

时间 2020-07-17

原文原文链接

　　1、相关术语简介php

　　首先咱们来了解下tomcat是什么，tomcat是apache软件基金会中的一个项目，由apache、Sun 和其余一些公司及我的共同开发而成。主要做用是提供servlet和jsp类库；tomcat是一个免费开源的web服务器，它和nginx、httpd服务不一样的是，它不擅长处理HTML代码，更多的是处理JSP程序；有点相似fpm服务专门处理php程序；html

　　jdk：java开发工具箱（Java Development Kit ），主要提供java开发相关工具包，库文件以及jre和jvm相关组件，能够理解为java编程语言的一个基础标准库环境相关组件包和开发公具相关组件。java

　　jre：java运行时环境（Java runtime environment），该软件主要提供运行Java程序的环境；咱们能够理解jre就是jvm和一些标准类库组成的一个Java程序运行环境；node

　　提示：从上面的图能够了解到JDK包含JRE，JRE包含jvm；python

　　jvm：Java虚拟机（Java virtual machine）主要做用是让Java程序实现跨平台，咱们能够理解Java虚拟机的做用就是在转换不一样操做系统底层的API；这样一来Java程序员就直接面向jvm提供的API进行编程，从而不用考虑其余操做系统底层API的不一样；以下图linux

　　提示：从上图就能够了解到jvm的重要性，它能够实现程序员一次编码，处处运行，正是jvm解决了底层操做系统不一样API问题，使得java程序能够在任何具备jvm的设备上运行；nginx

　　2、JDK安装git

　　一、oracle jdk安装程序员

　　oracle jdk 是oracle官方提供的一个jdk，安装咱们能够直接去官方下载对应版本的包，到本地服务器便可；官方下载地址https://www.oracle.com/cn/java/technologies/javase-downloads.html；web

　　提示：我这里是提早下载好了的，上面官方地址还须要注册挺麻烦的；下载好rpm ，而后直接使用yum安装便可

[root@lxc java]# yum install ./jdk-8u211-linux-x64.rpm 
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Examining ./jdk-8u211-linux-x64.rpm: 2000:jdk1.8-1.8.0_211-fcs.x86_64
Marking ./jdk-8u211-linux-x64.rpm to be installed
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package jdk1.8.x86_64 2000:1.8.0_211-fcs will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

====================================================================================================
 Package         Arch            Version                        Repository                     Size
====================================================================================================
Installing:
 jdk1.8          x86_64          2000:1.8.0_211-fcs             /jdk-8u211-linux-x64          297 M

Transaction Summary
====================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total size: 297 M
Installed size: 297 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : 2000:jdk1.8-1.8.0_211-fcs.x86_64                                                 1/1 
Unpacking JAR files...
        tools.jar...
        plugin.jar...
        javaws.jar...
        deploy.jar...
        rt.jar...
        jsse.jar...
        charsets.jar...
        localedata.jar...
  Verifying  : 2000:jdk1.8-1.8.0_211-fcs.x86_64                                                 1/1 

Installed:
  jdk1.8.x86_64 2000:1.8.0_211-fcs                                                                  

Complete!
[root@lxc java]#

　　提示：固然直接使用rpm -ivh 也是能够直接安装的，这个jdk几乎没有依赖关系，因此能够直接经过rpm安装；一般有依赖关系的包建议仍是使用yum去解决依赖关系；

　　查看jdk-8u211-linux-x64.rpm生成的文件

[root@lxc java]# rpm -qpi ./jdk-8u211-linux-x64.rpm 
warning: ./jdk-8u211-linux-x64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEY
Name        : jdk1.8
Epoch       : 2000
Version     : 1.8.0_211
Release     : fcs
Architecture: x86_64
Install Date: (not installed)
Group       : Development/Tools
Size        : 311820630
License     : https://java.com/bc_license
Signature   : RSA/SHA256, Tue 02 Apr 2019 12:06:57 AM EDT, Key ID 72f97b74ec551f03
Source RPM  : jdk1.8-1.8.0_211-fcs.src.rpm
Build Date  : Mon 01 Apr 2019 11:55:52 PM EDT
Build Host  : java.com
Relocations : /usr/java 
Vendor      : Oracle Corporation
URL         : http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/overview/index.html
Summary     : Java Platform Standard Edition Development Kit
Description :
The Java Platform Standard Edition Development Kit (JDK) includes both
the runtime environment (Java virtual machine, the Java platform classes
and supporting files) and development tools (compilers, debuggers,
tool libraries and other tools).

The JDK is a development environment for building applications, applets
and components that can be deployed with the Java Platform Standard
Edition Runtime Environment.
[root@lxc java]# rpm -ql jdk1.8
/usr
/usr/java
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/.java
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/.java/.systemPrefs
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/.java/.systemPrefs/.system.lock
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/.java/.systemPrefs/.systemRootModFile
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/.java/init.d
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/.java/init.d/jexec
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/COPYRIGHT
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/LICENSE
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/README.html
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME-JAVAFX.txt
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME.txt
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/bin
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/bin/ControlPanel
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/bin/appletviewer
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/bin/extcheck
……省略部份内容

　　提示：下载好的rpm包安装后，若是要查询其对应安装了那些文件，咱们首先要知道它的名称是什么，用rpm -qpi命令能够查看到对应名称，而后咱们再经过rpm -ql查看对应名称的软件安装生成了那些文件；从上面的信息能够看到jdk1.8生成的文件都在/usr/java/目录下；

　　提示：从上面的截图能够了解到在/usr/java/目录下有两个软链接，default默认指向了latest这个软链接，latest软链接指向了jdk1.8；这意味着jdk能够同时存在多个版本，咱们只须要把对应软链接修改了便可更新到新的版本；这里须要提醒下，若是多版本并存的状况，咱们可使用alternatives工具来切换；

　　alternatives工具多版本相互切换

　　切换前，默认使用1.8.0.211版本

[root@lxc java]# alternatives --config java

There is 1 program that provides 'java'.

  Selection    Command
-----------------------------------------------
*+ 1           /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/jre/bin/java

Enter to keep the current selection[+], or type selection number: 1
[root@lxc java]# alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79/bin/java 2
[root@lxc java]# alternatives --config java

There are 2 programs which provide 'java'.

  Selection    Command
-----------------------------------------------
*+ 1           /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/jre/bin/java
   2           /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79/bin/java

Enter to keep the current selection[+], or type selection number: 2
[root@lxc java]# java -version
java version "1.7.0_79"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_79-b15)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.79-b02, mixed mode)
[root@lxc java]# alternatives --config java

There are 2 programs which provide 'java'.

  Selection    Command
-----------------------------------------------
*  1           /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/jre/bin/java
 + 2           /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79/bin/java

Enter to keep the current selection[+], or type selection number: 1
[root@lxc java]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_211"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_211-b12)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.211-b12, mixed mode)
[root@lxc java]#

　　提示：能够看到能够根据本身须要来回切换jdk的版本；到此oracle jdk的安装就完成了；

　　二、openjdk安装

[root@docker_node01 ~]# yum install java-1.8.0-openjdk
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
base                                                                         | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
docker-ce-stable                                                             | 3.5 kB  00:00:00     
epel                                                                         | 4.7 kB  00:00:00     
extras                                                                       | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
updates                                                                      | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
(1/4): epel/x86_64/updateinfo                                                | 1.0 MB  00:00:00     
(2/4): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db                                            | 205 kB  00:00:00     
(3/4): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db                                           | 3.0 MB  00:00:01     
(4/4): epel/x86_64/primary_db                                                | 6.8 MB  00:00:01     
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn
 * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn
 * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 1:1.8.0.252.b09-2.el7_8 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless(x86-64) = 1:1.8.0.252.b09-2.el7_8 for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.252.b09-2.el7_8.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: xorg-x11-fonts-Type1 for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.252.b09-2.el7_8.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libjvm.so(SUNWprivate_1.1)(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.252.b09-2.el7_8.x86_64
……省略部份内容
Installed:
  java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 1:1.8.0.252.b09-2.el7_8                                                 

Dependency Installed:
  atk.x86_64 0:2.28.1-2.el7                                                                         
  cairo.x86_64 0:1.15.12-4.el7                                                                      
  copy-jdk-configs.noarch 0:3.3-10.el7_5                                                            
  cups-libs.x86_64 1:1.6.3-43.el7                                                                   
  fribidi.x86_64 0:1.0.2-1.el7_7.1                                                                  
  gdk-pixbuf2.x86_64 0:2.36.12-3.el7                                                                
  giflib.x86_64 0:4.1.6-9.el7                                                                       
  graphite2.x86_64 0:1.3.10-1.el7_3                                                                 
  gtk-update-icon-cache.x86_64 0:3.22.30-5.el7                                                      
  gtk2.x86_64 0:2.24.31-1.el7                                                                       
  harfbuzz.x86_64 0:1.7.5-2.el7                                                                     
  hicolor-icon-theme.noarch 0:0.12-7.el7                                                            
  jasper-libs.x86_64 0:1.900.1-33.el7                                                               
  java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless.x86_64 1:1.8.0.252.b09-2.el7_8                                        
  javapackages-tools.noarch 0:3.4.1-11.el7                                                          
  jbigkit-libs.x86_64 0:2.0-11.el7                                                                  
  libICE.x86_64 0:1.0.9-9.el7                                                                       
  libSM.x86_64 0:1.2.2-2.el7                                                                        
  libXcomposite.x86_64 0:0.4.4-4.1.el7                                                              
  libXcursor.x86_64 0:1.1.15-1.el7                                                                  
  libXdamage.x86_64 0:1.1.4-4.1.el7                                                                 
  libXext.x86_64 0:1.3.3-3.el7                                                                      
  libXfixes.x86_64 0:5.0.3-1.el7                                                                    
  libXft.x86_64 0:2.3.2-2.el7                                                                       
  libXi.x86_64 0:1.7.9-1.el7                                                                        
  libXinerama.x86_64 0:1.1.3-2.1.el7                                                                
  libXrandr.x86_64 0:1.5.1-2.el7                                                                    
  libXrender.x86_64 0:0.9.10-1.el7                                                                  
  libXtst.x86_64 0:1.2.3-1.el7                                                                      
  libXxf86vm.x86_64 0:1.1.4-1.el7                                                                   
  libfontenc.x86_64 0:1.1.3-3.el7                                                                   
  libglvnd.x86_64 1:1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7                                                        
  libglvnd-egl.x86_64 1:1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7                                                    
  libglvnd-glx.x86_64 1:1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7                                                    
  libthai.x86_64 0:0.1.14-9.el7                                                                     
  libtiff.x86_64 0:4.0.3-32.el7                                                                     
  libwayland-client.x86_64 0:1.15.0-1.el7                                                           
  libwayland-server.x86_64 0:1.15.0-1.el7                                                           
  libxshmfence.x86_64 0:1.2-1.el7                                                                   
  lksctp-tools.x86_64 0:1.0.17-2.el7                                                                
  mesa-libEGL.x86_64 0:18.3.4-7.el7_8.1                                                             
  mesa-libGL.x86_64 0:18.3.4-7.el7_8.1                                                              
  mesa-libgbm.x86_64 0:18.3.4-7.el7_8.1                                                             
  mesa-libglapi.x86_64 0:18.3.4-7.el7_8.1                                                           
  pango.x86_64 0:1.42.4-4.el7_7                                                                     
  pcsc-lite-libs.x86_64 0:1.8.8-8.el7                                                               
  pixman.x86_64 0:0.34.0-1.el7                                                                      
  python-javapackages.noarch 0:3.4.1-11.el7                                                         
  python-lxml.x86_64 0:3.2.1-4.el7                                                                  
  ttmkfdir.x86_64 0:3.0.9-42.el7                                                                    
  tzdata-java.noarch 0:2020a-1.el7                                                                  
  xorg-x11-font-utils.x86_64 1:7.5-21.el7                                                           
  xorg-x11-fonts-Type1.noarch 0:7.5-9.el7                                                           

Dependency Updated:
  glib2.x86_64 0:2.56.1-5.el7                      libdrm.x86_64 0:2.4.97-2.el7                     

Complete!
[root@docker_node01 ~]#

　　提示：安装openjdk使用yum安装须要注意命名，一般是java-版本号-openjdk；到此openjdk就安装好了，后续的版本切换也可使用alternatives命令来切换便可和oracle jdk使用没有特别的不一样；除了以上方式安装，固然咱们也能够去下载二进制包，直接展开就能够，二进制包安装须要注意建立环境变量文件；好了安装jdk就不过多阐述了；接下来咱们就能够安装tomcat了；

　　3、tomcat安装

[root@docker_node01 ~]# yum info tomcat
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn
 * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn
 * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn
Available Packages
Name        : tomcat
Arch        : noarch
Version     : 7.0.76
Release     : 12.el7_8
Size        : 92 k
Repo        : updates/7/x86_64
Summary     : Apache Servlet/JSP Engine, RI for Servlet 3.0/JSP 2.2 API
URL         : http://tomcat.apache.org/
License     : ASL 2.0
Description : Tomcat is the servlet container that is used in the official Reference
            : Implementation for the Java Servlet and JavaServer Pages technologies.
            : The Java Servlet and JavaServer Pages specifications are developed by
            : Sun under the Java Community Process.
            : 
            : Tomcat is developed in an open and participatory environment and
            : released under the Apache Software License version 2.0. Tomcat is intended
            : to be a collaboration of the best-of-breed developers from around the world.

[root@docker_node01 ~]#

　　提示：能够看到在updates仓库中有tomcat包，可是版本有点低，若是想要安装新一点的包，能够去官网下载对应包安装便可；官网地址：http://tomcat.apache.org/；

[root@docker_node01 ~]# yum install tomcat -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn
 * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn
 * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package tomcat.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: tomcat-lib = 7.0.76-12.el7_8 for package: tomcat-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: apache-commons-pool for package: tomcat-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: apache-commons-logging for package: tomcat-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: apache-commons-dbcp for package: tomcat-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: apache-commons-daemon for package: tomcat-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: apache-commons-collections for package: tomcat-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch
--> Running transaction check
……省略部份内容
Installed:
  tomcat.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8                                                                   

Dependency Installed:
  apache-commons-collections.noarch 0:3.2.1-22.el7_2                                                
  apache-commons-daemon.x86_64 0:1.0.13-7.el7                                                       
  apache-commons-dbcp.noarch 0:1.4-17.el7                                                           
  apache-commons-logging.noarch 0:1.1.2-7.el7                                                       
  apache-commons-pool.noarch 0:1.6-9.el7                                                            
  avalon-framework.noarch 0:4.3-10.el7                                                              
  avalon-logkit.noarch 0:2.1-14.el7                                                                 
  ecj.x86_64 1:4.5.2-3.el7                                                                          
  geronimo-jms.noarch 0:1.1.1-19.el7                                                                
  geronimo-jta.noarch 0:1.1.1-17.el7                                                                
  javamail.noarch 0:1.4.6-8.el7                                                                     
  log4j.noarch 0:1.2.17-16.el7_4                                                                    
  tomcat-el-2.2-api.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8                                                        
  tomcat-jsp-2.2-api.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8                                                       
  tomcat-lib.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8                                                               
  tomcat-servlet-3.0-api.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8                                                   
  xalan-j2.noarch 0:2.7.1-23.el7                                                                    
  xerces-j2.noarch 0:2.11.0-17.el7_0                                                                
  xml-commons-apis.noarch 0:1.4.01-16.el7                                                           
  xml-commons-resolver.noarch 0:1.2-15.el7                                                          

Complete!
[root@docker_node01 ~]#

　　查看tomcat包安装所生成的文件

[root@docker_node01 ~]# rpm -ql tomcat
/etc/logrotate.d/tomcat
/etc/sysconfig/tomcat
/etc/tomcat
/etc/tomcat/Catalina
/etc/tomcat/Catalina/localhost
/etc/tomcat/catalina.policy
/etc/tomcat/catalina.properties
/etc/tomcat/conf.d
/etc/tomcat/conf.d/README
/etc/tomcat/context.xml
/etc/tomcat/log4j.properties
/etc/tomcat/logging.properties
/etc/tomcat/server.xml
/etc/tomcat/tomcat-users.xml
/etc/tomcat/tomcat.conf
/etc/tomcat/web.xml
/usr/bin/tomcat-digest
/usr/bin/tomcat-tool-wrapper
/usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat@.service
/usr/libexec/tomcat
/usr/libexec/tomcat/functions
/usr/libexec/tomcat/preamble
/usr/libexec/tomcat/server
/usr/sbin/tomcat
/usr/share/doc/tomcat-7.0.76
/usr/share/doc/tomcat-7.0.76/LICENSE
/usr/share/doc/tomcat-7.0.76/NOTICE
/usr/share/doc/tomcat-7.0.76/RELEASE-NOTES
/usr/share/tomcat
/usr/share/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar
/usr/share/tomcat/bin/catalina-tasks.xml
/usr/share/tomcat/conf
/usr/share/tomcat/lib
/usr/share/tomcat/logs
/usr/share/tomcat/temp
/usr/share/tomcat/webapps
/usr/share/tomcat/work
/var/cache/tomcat
/var/cache/tomcat/temp
/var/cache/tomcat/work
/var/lib/tomcat
/var/lib/tomcat/webapps
/var/lib/tomcats
/var/log/tomcat
/var/log/tomcat/catalina.out
[root@docker_node01 ~]#

　　提示：/etc/tomcat/是tomcat的配置文件目录，存放tomcat配置相关文件；/usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service是tomcat的unit file启动脚本；/var/log/tomcat/catalina.out是tomcat的日志文件；

　　启动tomcat

　　提示：tomcat默认监听在tcp的8080端口；

　　测试：用浏览器访问对应服务器上的8080端口，看看是否访问到tomcat的默认提供的页面？

　　提示：能够看到用浏览器展现访问不到对应页面，提示咱们404；这说明咱们访问的页面不存在，缘由是咱们只安装了tomcat的程序包，并无安装任何webapp，因此对应目录下都没有页面存在，因此咱们如今访问提示咱们404；

　　提示：对应目录下并无任何的页面，因此咱们访问时访问不到的；

　　安装tomcat-webapps、tomcat-docs-webapp 、tomcat-admin-webapps

[root@docker_node01 ~]# yum install -y tomcat-webapps tomcat-admin-webapps tomcat-docs-webapp
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn
 * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn
 * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package tomcat-admin-webapps.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8 will be installed
---> Package tomcat-docs-webapp.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8 will be installed
---> Package tomcat-webapps.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: jakarta-taglibs-standard >= 1.1 for package: tomcat-webapps-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch
--> Running transaction check
---> Package jakarta-taglibs-standard.noarch 0:1.1.2-14.el7_1 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

====================================================================================================
 Package                           Arch            Version                   Repository        Size
====================================================================================================
Installing:
 tomcat-admin-webapps              noarch          7.0.76-12.el7_8           updates           40 k
 tomcat-docs-webapp                noarch          7.0.76-12.el7_8           updates          721 k
 tomcat-webapps                    noarch          7.0.76-12.el7_8           updates          341 k
Installing for dependencies:
 jakarta-taglibs-standard          noarch          1.1.2-14.el7_1            base             303 k

Transaction Summary
====================================================================================================
Install  3 Packages (+1 Dependent package)

Total download size: 1.4 M
Installed size: 5.4 M
Downloading packages:
(1/4): jakarta-taglibs-standard-1.1.2-14.el7_1.noarch.rpm                    | 303 kB  00:00:00     
(2/4): tomcat-admin-webapps-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch.rpm                       |  40 kB  00:00:00     
(3/4): tomcat-webapps-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch.rpm                             | 341 kB  00:00:00     
(4/4): tomcat-docs-webapp-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch.rpm                         | 721 kB  00:00:00     
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                               2.7 MB/s | 1.4 MB  00:00:00     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : jakarta-taglibs-standard-1.1.2-14.el7_1.noarch                                   1/4 
  Installing : tomcat-webapps-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch                                            2/4 
  Installing : tomcat-docs-webapp-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch                                        3/4 
  Installing : tomcat-admin-webapps-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch                                      4/4 
  Verifying  : tomcat-admin-webapps-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch                                      1/4 
  Verifying  : jakarta-taglibs-standard-1.1.2-14.el7_1.noarch                                   2/4 
  Verifying  : tomcat-webapps-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch                                            3/4 
  Verifying  : tomcat-docs-webapp-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch                                        4/4 

Installed:
  tomcat-admin-webapps.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8     tomcat-docs-webapp.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8    
  tomcat-webapps.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8          

Dependency Installed:
  jakarta-taglibs-standard.noarch 0:1.1.2-14.el7_1                                                  

Complete!
[root@docker_node01 ~]#

　　查看/usr/shar/tomcat/webapps/下是否有文件？

　　提示：能够看到在/usr/share/tomcat/webapps/下已经有文件生成了，接下来咱们再用浏览器访问下8080端口，看看是否可以访问到页面呢？

　　提示：能够看到咱们可以正常访问到页面，说明tomcat环境搭建已经完成；后续咱们就能够把java开发的一些jsp程序部署到tomcat上使用了；

　　官方下载tomcat部署

[root@lxc java]# wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.57/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.57.tar.gz
--2020-07-14 13:09:04--  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.57/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.57.tar.gz
Resolving mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn (mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn)... 101.6.8.193, 2402:f000:1:408:8100::1
Connecting to mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn (mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn)|101.6.8.193|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 10379806 (9.9M) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘apache-tomcat-8.5.57.tar.gz’

100%[==========================================================>] 10,379,806  1.90MB/s   in 5.2s   

2020-07-14 13:09:10 (1.90 MB/s) - ‘apache-tomcat-8.5.57.tar.gz’ saved [10379806/10379806]

[root@lxc java]# ls
apache-tomcat-8.5.57.tar.gz  jdk-7u79-linux-x64.rpm  jdk-8u211-linux-x64.rpm
[root@lxc java]#

　　提示：官方默认只提供了二进制包和源码包，没有rpm包，因此咱们下载二进制包解压到对应目录便可；

[root@lxc java]# mkdir /usr/share/tomcat
[root@lxc java]# tar xf apache-tomcat-8.5.57.tar.gz -C /usr/share/tomcat
[root@lxc java]# cd /usr/share/tomcat
[root@lxc tomcat]# ls
apache-tomcat-8.5.57
[root@lxc tomcat]#

　　建立软链接

[root@lxc tomcat]# ln -s apache-tomcat-8.5.57 tomcat
[root@lxc tomcat]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 220 Jul 14 13:10 apache-tomcat-8.5.57
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  20 Jul 14 13:12 tomcat -> apache-tomcat-8.5.57
[root@lxc tomcat]#

　　建立tomcat用户

[root@lxc tomcat]# useradd -r tomcat
[root@lxc tomcat]# getent passwd tomcat
tomcat:x:996:992::/home/tomcat:/bin/bash
[root@lxc tomcat]#

　　更改/usr/share/tomcat/tomcat属主/组权限为tomcat

[root@lxc tomcat]# ll
total 124
drwxr-x--- 2 root root  4096 Jul 14 13:10 bin
-rw-r----- 1 root root 19318 Jun 30 17:53 BUILDING.txt
drwx------ 2 root root   238 Jun 30 17:53 conf
-rw-r----- 1 root root  5408 Jun 30 17:53 CONTRIBUTING.md
drwxr-x--- 2 root root  4096 Jul 14 13:10 lib
-rw-r----- 1 root root 57011 Jun 30 17:53 LICENSE
drwxr-x--- 2 root root     6 Jun 30 17:49 logs
-rw-r----- 1 root root  1726 Jun 30 17:53 NOTICE
-rw-r----- 1 root root  3255 Jun 30 17:53 README.md
-rw-r----- 1 root root  7136 Jun 30 17:53 RELEASE-NOTES
-rw-r----- 1 root root 16262 Jun 30 17:53 RUNNING.txt
drwxr-x--- 2 root root    30 Jul 14 13:10 temp
drwxr-x--- 7 root root    81 Jun 30 17:50 webapps
drwxr-x--- 2 root root     6 Jun 30 17:49 work
[root@lxc tomcat]# chown -R tomcat:tomcat ./*
[root@lxc tomcat]# ll
total 124
drwxr-x--- 2 tomcat tomcat  4096 Jul 14 13:10 bin
-rw-r----- 1 tomcat tomcat 19318 Jun 30 17:53 BUILDING.txt
drwx------ 2 tomcat tomcat   238 Jun 30 17:53 conf
-rw-r----- 1 tomcat tomcat  5408 Jun 30 17:53 CONTRIBUTING.md
drwxr-x--- 2 tomcat tomcat  4096 Jul 14 13:10 lib
-rw-r----- 1 tomcat tomcat 57011 Jun 30 17:53 LICENSE
drwxr-x--- 2 tomcat tomcat     6 Jun 30 17:49 logs
-rw-r----- 1 tomcat tomcat  1726 Jun 30 17:53 NOTICE
-rw-r----- 1 tomcat tomcat  3255 Jun 30 17:53 README.md
-rw-r----- 1 tomcat tomcat  7136 Jun 30 17:53 RELEASE-NOTES
-rw-r----- 1 tomcat tomcat 16262 Jun 30 17:53 RUNNING.txt
drwxr-x--- 2 tomcat tomcat    30 Jul 14 13:10 temp
drwxr-x--- 7 tomcat tomcat    81 Jun 30 17:50 webapps
drwxr-x--- 2 tomcat tomcat     6 Jun 30 17:49 work
[root@lxc tomcat]#

　　添加环境变量

[root@lxc tomcat]# cat /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh
CATALINA_BASE=/usr/share/tomcat/tomcat
PATH=$CATALINA_BASE/bin:$PATH
export CATALINA_BASE PATH
[root@lxc tomcat]#

　　切换tomcat用户启动tomcat

[root@lxc tomcat]# su - tomcat
Last login: Tue Jul 14 13:26:15 EDT 2020 on pts/0
su: warning: cannot change directory to /home/tomcat: No such file or directory
-bash-4.2$ catalina.sh --help
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/share/tomcat/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/share/tomcat/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/share/tomcat/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/share/tomcat/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/share/tomcat/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Usage: catalina.sh ( commands ... )
commands:
  debug             Start Catalina in a debugger
  debug -security   Debug Catalina with a security manager
  jpda start        Start Catalina under JPDA debugger
  run               Start Catalina in the current window
  run -security     Start in the current window with security manager
  start             Start Catalina in a separate window
  start -security   Start in a separate window with security manager
  stop              Stop Catalina, waiting up to 5 seconds for the process to end
  stop n            Stop Catalina, waiting up to n seconds for the process to end
  stop -force       Stop Catalina, wait up to 5 seconds and then use kill -KILL if still running
  stop n -force     Stop Catalina, wait up to n seconds and then use kill -KILL if still running
  configtest        Run a basic syntax check on server.xml - check exit code for result
  version           What version of tomcat are you running?
Note: Waiting for the process to end and use of the -force option require that $CATALINA_PID is defined
-bash-4.2$ catalina.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/share/tomcat/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/share/tomcat/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/share/tomcat/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/share/tomcat/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/share/tomcat/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
-bash-4.2$ ss -tnl
State      Recv-Q Send-Q     Local Address:Port                    Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN     0      128                    *:6033                               *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128                    *:22                                 *:*                  
LISTEN     0      100            127.0.0.1:25                                 *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128                    *:3306                               *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128                    *:3306                               *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128                    *:3306                               *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128                    *:3306                               *:*                  
LISTEN     0      100                   :::8080                              :::*                  
LISTEN     0      128                   :::22                                :::*                  
LISTEN     0      100                  ::1:25                                :::*                  
LISTEN     0      1       ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005                              :::*                  
LISTEN     0      128                   :::2377                              :::*                  
LISTEN     0      128                   :::7946                              :::*                  
-bash-4.2$

　　提示：启动tomcat要使用内部的shell脚本catalina.sh 来启动；固然startup.sh也是能够的；能够看到8080端口已经处于监听的状态，接下来咱们用浏览器尝试访问下，看看是否可以访问到页面？

　　提示：能够看到tomcat提供的页面咱们是可以正常访问，说明咱们安装部署的tomcat环境就准备就绪了；到此tomcat环境安装就部署完毕了；总结一点，部署tomcat环境，首先要安装jdk，由于tomcat自己就是java语言编写，咱们要在服务器上安装好java程序运行环境和标准类库等组件，tomcat才能够服务器上正常的运行起来；其实从上面的演示咱们大概也能知道tomcat就是为Java jsp程序提供一个运行环境，后续的jsp代码主要就是在tomcat上运行，而非jdk上；jdk是运行Java程序（tomcat）而必须有的组件；后续本人会持续更新有关tomcat配置使用相关的话题，感兴趣的同窗能够关注关注；