测试的时候,一般须要将 Pod 中的 container 频繁地杀死,重启。在这个过程当中,Pod 的状态常常会出现 CrashLoopBackOff,并且 container 重启的时间愈来愈长。node
为了不 container 频繁地 restart,k8s 对 container restart 过程作了限制,使用 back-off 的方法,官方文档中的说法是:git
Failed containers that are restarted by Kubelet, are restarted with an exponential back-off delay, the delay is in multiples of sync-frequency 0, 1x, 2x, 4x, 8x … capped at 5 minutes and is reset after 10 minutes of successful execution.github
这里先直接给出结论:api
kubernetes/pkg/kubelet/kubelet.go
经过源码发现,kubernetes/pkg/kubelet/kubelet.go 文件中有两个常量:app
MaxContainerBackOff = 300 * time.Second backOffPeriod = time.Second * 10
使用这两个变量构造了一个 BackOff 对象,这个是 kubelet 的属性,对该 node 上全部 pod 都适用ide
klet.backOff = flowcontrol.NewBackOff(backOffPeriod, MaxContainerBackOff)
BackOff 结构以下函数
type Backoff struct { sync.Mutex Clock clock.Clock defaultDuration time.Duration maxDuration time.Duration perItemBackoff map[string]*backoffEntry }
而后在 SyncPod 方法中使用这个对象oop
// Call the container runtime's SyncPod callback result := kl.containerRuntime.SyncPod(pod, apiPodStatus, podStatus, pullSecrets, kl.backOff)
SyncPod 具体作的事有:测试
// SyncPod syncs the running pod into the desired pod by executing following steps: // // 1. Compute sandbox and container changes. // 2. Kill pod sandbox if necessary. // 3. Kill any containers that should not be running. // 4. Create sandbox if necessary. // 5. Create init containers. // 6. Create normal containers. func (m *kubeGenericRuntimeManager) SyncPod(pod *v1.Pod, _ v1.PodStatus, podStatus *kubecontainer.PodStatus, pullSecrets []v1.Secret, backOff *flowcontrol.Backoff) (result kubecontainer.PodSyncResult) {
一样在这个文件中,有一个关键的函数ui
// If a container is still in backoff, the function will return a brief backoff error and // a detailed error message. func (m *kubeGenericRuntimeManager) doBackOff(pod *v1.Pod, container *v1.Container, podStatus *kubecontainer.PodStatus, backOff *flowcontrol.Backoff) (bool, string, error) { var cStatus *kubecontainer.ContainerStatus for _, c := range podStatus.ContainerStatuses { if c.Name == container.Name && c.State == kubecontainer.ContainerStateExited { cStatus = c break } } if cStatus == nil { return false, "", nil } glog.Infof("checking backoff for container %q in pod %q", container.Name, format.Pod(pod)) // Use the finished time of the latest exited container as the start point to calculate whether to do back-off. ts := cStatus.FinishedAt // backOff requires a unique key to identify the container. key := getStableKey(pod, container) if backOff.IsInBackOffSince(key, ts) { if ref, err := kubecontainer.GenerateContainerRef(pod, container); err == nil { m.recorder.Eventf(ref, v1.EventTypeWarning, events.BackOffStartContainer, "Back-off restarting failed container") } err := fmt.Errorf("Back-off %s restarting failed container=%s pod=%s", backOff.Get(key), container.Name, format.Pod(pod)) glog.Infof("%s", err.Error()) return true, err.Error(), kubecontainer.ErrCrashLoopBackOff } backOff.Next(key, ts) return false, "", nil }
其中 backOff.Next 函数定义以下
// move backoff to the next mark, capping at maxDuration func (p *Backoff) Next(id string, eventTime time.Time) { p.Lock() defer p.Unlock() entry, ok := p.perItemBackoff[id] if !ok || hasExpired(eventTime, entry.lastUpdate, p.maxDuration) { entry = p.initEntryUnsafe(id) } else { delay := entry.backoff * 2 // exponential entry.backoff = time.Duration(integer.Int64Min(int64(delay), int64(p.maxDuration))) } entry.lastUpdate = p.Clock.Now() }