问题:html
Implement a trie with insert
, search
, and startsWith
methods.数组
Note:
You may assume that all inputs are consist of lowercase letters a-z
.数据结构
解决:https://www.cnblogs.com/grandyang/p/4491665.html性能
【题意】实现字典树(前缀树),这道题让咱们实现一个重要但又有些复杂的数据结构-字典树, 又称前缀树或单词查找树,例如,一个保存了8个键的trie结构,"A", "to", "tea", "ted", "ten", "i", "in", and "inn".以下图所示:this
字典树主要有以下三点性质:spa
1. 根节点不包含字符,除根节点之外每一个节点只包含一个字符。code
2. 从根节点到某一个节点,路径上通过的字符链接起来,为该节点对应的字符串。htm
3. 每一个节点的全部子节点包含的字符串不相同。blog
① 一个字典树的节点应该包含字母,其子节点,以及标记其是否为叶节点的标记位。ip
class TrieNode{//209ms
char c;//当前节点的字符
Map<Character,TrieNode> children = new HashMap<>();//子节点
boolean isLeaf;//标记是否为叶节点
public TrieNode(){}
public TrieNode(char c){
this.c = c;
}
}
public class Trie{
private TrieNode root;
public Trie(){
root = new TrieNode();//初始化根节点
}
public void insert(String word){
Map<Character,TrieNode> cur = root.children;//获取根节点的子节点,从它开始加入
for (int i = 0;i < word.length() ;i ++ ) {
char c = word.charAt(i);
TrieNode tmp;
if (cur.containsKey(c)) {
tmp = cur.get(c);//获取插入的节点
}else{
tmp = new TrieNode(c);
cur.put(c,tmp);
}
cur = tmp.children;
if (i == word.length() - 1) {
tmp.isLeaf = true;
}
}
}
public boolean search(String word){
TrieNode tmp = searchNode(word);//查找前缀,并返回叶节点
if (tmp != null && tmp.isLeaf) {
return true;
}else{
return false;
}
}
public boolean startsWith(String prefix){
if (searchNode(prefix) == null) {
return false;
}else{
return true;
}
}
public TrieNode searchNode(String str){//查找前缀
Map<Character,TrieNode> cur = root.children;
TrieNode tmp = null;
for (int i = 0;i < str.length() ;i ++ ) {
char c = str.charAt(i);
if (cur.containsKey(c)) {
tmp = cur.get(c);
cur = tmp.children;
}else{
return null;
}
}
return tmp;
}
}
/**
* Your Trie object will be instantiated and called as such:
* Trie obj = new Trie();
* obj.insert(word);
* boolean param_2 = obj.search(word);
* boolean param_3 = obj.startsWith(prefix);
*/
② 使用数组提升性能。
每一个trie节点只能包含'a' - 'z'字符。 因此咱们能够使用一个数组来存储这个字符。
class TrieNode{//174ms
TrieNode[] children;//每一个节点用一个大小为26的数组表示,由于小写字母范围为a-z
boolean isLeaf;
public TrieNode(){
children = new TrieNode[26];//初始化节点
}
}
public class Trie{
private TrieNode root;
public Trie(){
root = new TrieNode();//初始化根节点
}
public void insert(String word){
TrieNode cur = root;
for (int i = 0;i < word.length() ;i ++ ) {
char c = word.charAt(i);
int index = c - 'a';
if (cur.children[index] != null) {
cur = cur.children[index];
}else{
TrieNode tmp = new TrieNode();
cur.children[index] = tmp;
cur = tmp;
}
}
cur.isLeaf = true;
}
public boolean search(String word){
TrieNode tmp = searchNode(word);//查找前缀,并返回最后一个字符所在的节点
if (tmp != null && tmp.isLeaf) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
public boolean startsWith(String prefix){
if (searchNode(prefix) == null) {
return false;
}else{
return true;
}
}
public TrieNode searchNode(String str){
TrieNode cur = root;
for (int i = 0;i < str.length() ;i ++ ) {
char c = str.charAt(i);
int index = c - 'a';
if (cur.children[index] != null) {
cur = cur.children[index];
}else{
return null;
}
}
if (cur == root) {
return null;
}
return cur;
}
}
/**
* Your Trie object will be instantiated and called as such:
* Trie obj = new Trie();
* obj.insert(word);
* boolean param_2 = obj.search(word);
* boolean param_3 = obj.startsWith(prefix);
*/
③ 将TrieNode做为内部类。
class Trie{ //160ms class TrieNode{ TrieNode[] children; boolean isLeaf; public TrieNode(){ children = new TrieNode[26]; isLeaf = false; } } private TrieNode root; public Trie(){ root = new TrieNode(); } public void insert(String word){ TrieNode cur = root; char[] wchar = word.toCharArray(); for (int i = 0;i < word.length() ;i ++ ) { if (cur.children[wchar[i] - 'a'] != null) { cur = cur.children[wchar[i] - 'a']; }else{ TrieNode tmp = new TrieNode(); cur.children[wchar[i] - 'a'] = tmp; cur = tmp; } } cur.isLeaf = true; } public boolean search(String word){ char[] wchar = word.toCharArray(); TrieNode cur = root; for (int i = 0;i < word.length() ;i ++ ) { if (cur.children[wchar[i] - 'a'] == null) { return false; }else{ cur = cur.children[wchar[i] - 'a']; } } return cur.isLeaf; } public boolean startsWith(String word){ if (word.length() == 0) { return true; } char[] wchar = word.toCharArray(); TrieNode cur = root; for (int i = 0;i < word.length() ;i ++ ) { if (cur.children[wchar[i] - 'a'] == null) { return false; }else{ cur = cur.children[wchar[i] - 'a']; } } return true; } } /** * Your Trie object will be instantiated and called as such: * Trie obj = new Trie(); * obj.insert(word); * boolean param_2 = obj.search(word); * boolean param_3 = obj.startsWith(prefix); */