此次主要记录蛋疼的爬取某网站信息的一天,以前用node.js模拟登陆,不太好用,模拟登陆后是准备使用到android客户端中,因此用java,期间遇到不少问题,大概记录以下:html
(1),用httpclient,get访问网页不成功。java
(2),get请求访问学校官方网站是能成功的,可是不能访问交管局的网站,(由于他的网站是https的,因此须要进行SSL处理)。node
(3),能够访问首页之后,这里须要使用fiddler模拟登陆,查看登录时候的URl时候提交的用户名密码android
(4),须要下载验证码,把验证码经过命令行输进去,而后放到模拟登陆的参数链表中去。apache
(5),登陆成功后,由于httpclient自身有管理session的功能,你须要查找那个信息就经过对应的get活着post访问对应的URl就能够了json
1,先认识httpclient,了解到它是java程序模拟访问网站,首先咱们用httpclient访问一个网站,就从学校NCHU网站首页开始吧。安全
首先引入httpclient-4.3.6.jar和httpcore-4.4.4.jar,而后写程序服务器
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException { String url = "http://www.nchu.edu.cn/"; HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient(); StringBuffer result = null; HttpResponse response = null; HttpGet request = new HttpGet(url); response = httpclient.execute(request); BufferedReader rd = null; rd = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(response.getEntity() .getContent(), "UTF-8")); result = new StringBuffer(); String line = ""; while ((line = rd.readLine()) != null) { result.append(line + "\n"); } rd.close(); System.out.println(result); }
运行本觉得能够打印出网页的html的,可是发成了错误cookie
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/commons/logging/LogFactory at org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient.<init>(CloseableHttpClient.java:60) at org.apache.http.impl.client.AbstractHttpClient.<init>(AbstractHttpClient.java:271) at org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient.<init>(DefaultHttpClient.java:146) at getTest.main(getTest.java:22)
因而去百度,发现还须要加一个common.logging.jar,因而我引入它,而后就获取网页成功了session
2,好的,如今第一步访问学校官网成功了,可是如今试试https://jx.122.gov.cn/发现它报错了。说什么安全证书错误SSL,而后就去百度呗。发现了这篇博客解决了问题,好了交管局的首页也能够进来了。(http://blog.csdn.net/rongyongfeikai2/article/details/41659353/)(当我写博客的时候,我发现http://jx.122.gov.cn/也是能成功的,卧槽,第一次怎么没发现,一个劲解决https问题,然后干脆把他们都改为http的)
Exception in thread "main" javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target
3:获取首页成功了,若是在网页上操做,我就就须要输入用户名,密码,验证码 让后点击登陆按钮,发送post请求登陆成功,我没先用fiddler看一下咱们登陆的过程,查看提交的参数。验证码也就是一个图片,咱们能够把它下载到本地,而后手动录入进去,
为了方便处理,咱们把get post 还有获取验证码都放到工具类里面。当咱们访问首页的时候,服务器就分配一个session,用于客户端和服务器交互时候作记录。确实是这个用户。(我也不太懂)
import java.io.BufferedInputStream; import java.io.BufferedOutputStream; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Map.Entry; import java.util.zip.ZipEntry; import java.util.zip.ZipInputStream; import javax.swing.text.html.HTMLDocument.Iterator; import org.apache.http.Header; import org.apache.http.HttpEntity; import org.apache.http.HttpResponse; import org.apache.http.NameValuePair; import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException; import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient; import org.apache.http.client.entity.GzipDecompressingEntity; import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity; import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost; import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient; import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient; import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients; import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager; import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair; import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils; public class HttpUtil { public static HttpClient httpclient = null; private static String cookies; static { // PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(); // // connManager.setMaxTotal(100); // connManager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(50); try { httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient(); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * get请求 */ public static String GetPageContent(String url, String cookie) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException{ StringBuffer result = null; HttpResponse response = null; HttpGet request = new HttpGet(url); System.out.println(cookies); request.setHeader("Cookie", cookie); response = httpclient.execute(request); BufferedReader rd = null; rd = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(response.getEntity().getContent(),"UTF-8")); result = new StringBuffer(); String line = ""; while ((line = rd.readLine()) != null) { result.append(line+"\n"); } rd.close(); // set cookies setCookies( response.getFirstHeader("Set-Cookie") == null ? "" : response.getFirstHeader("Set-Cookie").toString()); // response.close(); // System.out.println(response.getFirstHeader("Set-Cookie")); return result.toString(); } //获取验证码 public static void GetPhotoContent(String url, String cookie) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException{ HttpResponse response = null; HttpGet request = new HttpGet(url); System.out.println(cookies); request.setHeader("Cookie", cookie); response = httpclient.execute(request); // entity = response.getEntity(); // InputStream inputStream = new GzipDecompressingEntity(response.getEntity()).getContent(); // write the inputStream to a FileOutputStream OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(new File("c:\\newfile2.png")); response.getEntity().writeTo(out); // int read = 0; // byte[] bytes = new byte[1024]; // // while ((read = inputStream.read(bytes)) != -1) { // out.write(bytes, 0, read); // } // inputStream.close(); out.flush(); out.close(); System.out.println("Check file c:\\newfile2.png"); // set cookies setCookies( response.getFirstHeader("Set-Cookie") == null ? "" : response.getFirstHeader("Set-Cookie").toString()); // response.close(); // System.out.println(response.getFirstHeader("Set-Cookie")); } //post请求提交参数 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public static String postWithParameters(Map<String,String> map, String postUrl, String cookie) throws IOException { StringBuffer result = null; HttpResponse response = null; HttpPost httpost = new HttpPost(postUrl); httpost.setHeader("Cookie", cookie); //参数列表 List<NameValuePair> list = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(); java.util.Iterator<Entry<String, String>> iterator = map.entrySet().iterator(); while(iterator.hasNext()){ Entry<String,String> elem = (Entry<String, String>) iterator.next(); list.add(new BasicNameValuePair(elem.getKey(),elem.getValue())); } if(list.size() > 0){ UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list,"UTF-8"); httpost.setEntity(entity); } //httpost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(map, "UTF-8")); response = httpclient.execute(httpost); Header[] myheader=response.getAllHeaders(); for(int i=0;i<myheader.length;i++){ System.out.println(myheader[i]); } BufferedReader rd = null; rd = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(response.getEntity().getContent(),"UTF-8")); result = new StringBuffer(); String line = ""; while ((line = rd.readLine()) != null) { result.append(line+"\n"); System.out.println(line); } System.out.println(result); setCookies(response.getFirstHeader("Set-Cookie") == null ? "" : response.getFirstHeader("Set-Cookie").toString()); rd.close(); return result.toString(); } /** 设置cookie */ public static String getCookies() { return cookies; } public static void setCookies(String cookies) { HttpUtil.cookies = cookies; } }
工具类搞好了,获取验证码的URL后面须要拼接一个时间戳,能够用一个随机变量。而后获取验证码下载到本地。还有post注意post请求的参数问题。
而后如今写一个测试类:
public class getTest { /** * @param args * @throws IOException * @throws ClientProtocolException */ public static void main(String[] args) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException { //主页面 String mainurl = "http://jx.122.gov.cn/"; //获取验证码页面 String yanzhengmaurl="http://jx.122.gov.cn/captcha1?nocache="+new Random().nextInt(1000); //post 用户名密码页面 String postloginurl="http://jx.122.gov.cn/user/m/login"; //登陆成功后的页面 String loginsucess="http://jx.122.gov.cn/views/member"; String mainurlStr=HttpUtil.GetPageContent(mainurl, ""); //System.out.println(mainurlStr); //获取图片验证码 HttpUtil.GetPhotoContent(yanzhengmaurl,""); System.out.print("输入验证码:"); Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in); String read = scan.nextLine(); System.out.println("输入数据:"+read); //post登陆 Map<String,String> createMap = new HashMap<String,String>(); createMap.put("usertype","1"); createMap.put("systemid","main"); //用户名; createMap.put("username",""); //密码 createMap.put("password",""); createMap.put("captcha",read); String mypostresult=HttpUtil.postWithParameters(createMap, postloginurl, ""); // System.out.println(mypostresult); String loginsucessstr=HttpUtil.GetPageContent(loginsucess, ""); System.out.println(loginsucessstr); } }
而后输入验证码:打印出结果:
在c盘查看验证码。录入验证码。
查看登陆成功页面;
加入咱们如今想得到咱们本身的历史记录信息。咱们post //违法历史记录url
String breakLowHistory="https://jx.122.gov.cn/user/m/uservio/vehssuris";就能够了,查看json数据结果,fidder看到的结果是同样的,