英语语法真是一个很魔性的东西,学了这么多年,却仍是一窍不通,往往说起这件事情我本身总会不自觉的伤感起来。曾经教过个人老师们必定也很恼火,这学生怎么这么笨呀!
最近复习考研英语决心必定要弄懂英语语法,所以从最基础的内容开始积累,在此进行一个简单的记录,内容所有来自于Vivial老师的考研语法课。ios
单词基本类型的分类以下图所示。
app
例句:
Tome runs very fast.
She is an extremely beautiful girls.
I like hotpot very much.less
动词分为实义动词和非实义动词。ide
指的是有实际意义的动词,该动做能够是抽象或是具体的,动态的或静态的。例如:jump, run, cry, think, stand, keep等。ui
注:实义动词还分为及物动词和不及物动词。spa
及物动词后面必须加宾语,如buy,visit等。
不及物动词后面不能直接加宾语,如die, happen等。
(一些不及物动词 + 介词 ≈ 及物动词)翻译
例句:
I can’t stand (vt) the heat (宾) .
The fire is burning.
Don’t look at me.对象
特别的,有部分动词可同时做为及物/不及物动词使用,做为不及物/及物动词时的意思有时也有不一样。blog
例句:
1.
He survived. / 他活下来了。
He survived his wife. / 他比他的妻子活得久。
2.
I am studying.
I am studying English.ip
非实义动词包括助动词、情态动词和系动词。
(be/have/do/will等)
帮助动词构成:时态、语态、疑问、否认
例句:
构成时态
The were (助动词) watching (实义动词) TV at that time.
构成语态
He is (助动词) hired (实义动词) by the company.
构成疑问
Do (助动词) you love (实义动词) me?
构成否认
He doesn’t (助动词) know (实义动词) her at all...
用来表示可能性、能力、许可、义务等。
Must, should, can, could
例句:
You can come to my birthday party.
戏精翻译:你来个人生日派对,也行吧。。
I must propose to Baijie when he come back.
戏精翻译:等八戒回来了我必定要向他求婚。
特别注意:情态动词是照妖镜,其后动词通通打回原形。
注:
原则:看清后面是否有动词,如有判为助动词。
答:(1)
be单独使用,没有动词的其余形式:系动词
举例:I am a student.
be doing(进行时)/ be done(被动):助动词
举例:I am teaching a student.
(2)
have单独使用,后面没有动词的其余形式:实义动词
have done(完成时):助动词
例句:
He was beaten to death last week because he didn’t listen to Vivian’s course.
The window is broken.
注:broken可为被打破,或是破的。在这里应该被翻译为破的,形容词。
I have a pen. I have an apple. Ah, pineapple pen!
She has met Brother Train on the train.
Brother Train has been called “shiliusuideshaonian” for a year.
连系动词/be动词:用来联系事物和其特色或属性的词。
分类:
be动词:am, is, are
感官类:feel, taste, sound, smell, look, seem
变化类:become, go, turn ...
保持类:keep, remain, stay ...
终止类:prove, turn out
I like KaoChong.
He runs fast.
注:
注:宾语只有两种,及物动词后的动宾结构,以及介词后的介宾结构。
I like you.
He is looking at you.
China is a big country.
Tom is an American movie star.
注:实际上,定语从句也可叫形容词性从句,状语从句也可叫副词性从句,主语从句也可叫名词性从句。
通常由副词充当。
(表示:时间,地点,方式,缘由,条件,目的,结果)
Many students learn English in American in recent years (状) .
The girl who will be admitted by xxx (定语从句) is attractive.
补充:系动词后的一切均可以是表语。
I am in the cla***oom (表语) .
Curiosity killed the cat.
I don’t know (谓) what to say (宾(无谓语)) .
You lower the IQ of the whole street (定) .
I will teach you (间宾) a lesson (直宾) .
The sun gives us (间宾) light and heat (直宾) .
常接双宾的动词
tell / show / give / teach / lend / explain
常接宾+补的动词
find / make / elect / call / name / keep
Skip:在后面两个成分间加be动词,通顺则为补语,不通顺为双宾。
Test
I made you a pizza (宾) .
I made you famous (补) .
I found you the dog (宾) .
I found a dog hungry (补) .
I will give you a lesson (宾) .
方法:蹲坑原理
两坑:主谓
三坑:主谓宾/主系表
四坑:主谓宾宾/主谓宾补
注:五种句子基本句型是一切句子的主干成分。
非主干修饰成分:定(同)/状
定语 adj/n
状语 adv
非谓语/介短/从句
举例:I like the boy (宾) standing over there (定) .He come (谓) with a book (状) .My dream is being a teacher (表) .