SimpleDateFormat 的使用注意点(线程安全问题)

Bug: Call to method of static Java.text.DateFormat
Pattern id: STCAL_INVOKE_ON_STATIC_DATE_FORMAT_INSTANCE, type: STCAL, category: MT_CORRECTNESShtml

As the JavaDoc states, DateFormats are inherently unsafe for multithreaded use. The detector has found a call to an instance of DateFormat that has been obtained via a static field. This looks suspicous.java

For more information on this see Sun Bug #6231579 and Sun Bug #6178997.apache

 

    上面的英文解释其实应该说得比较清楚,在Java文档中,已经明确说明了DateFormats 是非线程安全的,而在SimpleDateFormat的Jdk 的Source文件中,咱们也找到这么一段注释,说明它不是线程安全的。安全

Date formats are not synchronized.
* It is recommended to create separate format instances for each thread.
* If multiple threads access a format concurrently, it must be synchronized多线程

在Sun本身的网站上。在sun的bug database中,Sun Bug #6231579 ,Sun Bug #6178997均可以印证这个问题。网站

    致使SimpleDateFormat出现多线程安全问题的缘由,是由于:SimpleDateFormat处理复杂,Jdk的实现中使用了成员变量来传递参数,这就形成在多线程的时候会出现错误。this

    而Findbugs所说的“Call to static DateFormat”,其实就是一些人:为了渐少new 的次数而把SimpleDateFormat作成成员或者静态成员,上面已经说了,这样作是不安全的。.net

    其实,出现这种问题的代码通常都长得差很少,典型的代码示例以下:线程

public class Test {
	private SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");

	public void method1() {
		dateFormat.format(new Date());
	}

	public void method2() {
		dateFormat.format(new Date());
	}
}

再给个详细例子说明问题,看下面代码:code

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class Test {
	private SimpleDateFormat dateFormat;

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
		Date today = new Date();
		Date tomorrow = new Date(today.getTime() + 1000 * 60 * 60 * 24);
		System.out.println(today); // 今天是2010-01-11
		System.out.println(tomorrow); // 明天是2010-01-11
		Thread thread1 = new Thread(new Thread1(dateFormat, today));
		thread1.start();
		Thread thread2 = new Thread(new Thread2(dateFormat, tomorrow));
		thread2.start();
	}
}

class Thread1 implements Runnable {
	private SimpleDateFormat dateFormat;
	private Date date;

	public Thread1(SimpleDateFormat dateFormat, Date date) {
		this.dateFormat = dateFormat;
		this.date = date;
	}

	public void run() {
		for (;;) {// 一直循环到出问题为止吧。
			String strDate = dateFormat.format(date);
			// 若是不等于2010-01-11,证实出现线程安全问题了!!!!
			if (!"2010-01-11".equals(strDate)) {
				System.err.println("today=" + strDate);
				System.exit(0);
			}
		}
	}
}

class Thread2 implements Runnable {
	private SimpleDateFormat dateFormat;
	private Date date;

	public Thread2(SimpleDateFormat dateFormat, Date date) {
		this.dateFormat = dateFormat;
		this.date = date;
	}

	public void run() {
		for (;;) {
			String strDate = dateFormat.format(date);
			if (!"2010-01-12".equals(strDate)) {
				System.err.println("tomorrow=" + strDate);
				System.exit(0);
			}
		}
	}
}

运行的结果以下:

Mon Jan 11 11:30:36 CST 2010
Tue Jan 12 11:30:36 CST 2010
tomorrow=2010-01-11

终于看到问题了,tomorrow=2010-01-11,错得很明显了。其实要避免这个问题方法很简单,不使用SimpleDateFormat,或者不使用成员变量/静态成员变量的SimpleDateFormat对象便可。

以上出自: http://www.cnblogs.com/hyddd/articles/1643978.html

解决办法:使用org.apache.commons.lang.time.DateFormatUtils,示例:

private final static String YYYY = "yyyy";
	private final static String sdfDay = "yyyy-MM-dd";
	private final static String sdfDays = "yyyyMMdd";
	private final static String sdfTime = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";

	/**
	 * 获取YYYY格式
	 * 
	 * @return
	 */
	public static String getYear() {
		return DateFormatUtils.format(new Date(), YYYY);
	}

	/**
	 * 获取YYYY-MM-DD格式
	 * 
	 * @return
	 */
	public static synchronized String getDay() {
		return DateFormatUtils.format(new Date(), sdfDay);
	}

	/**
	 * 获取YYYYMMDD格式
	 * 
	 * @return
	 */
	public static synchronized String getDays() {
		return DateFormatUtils.format(new Date(), sdfDays);
	}

	/**
	 * 获取YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss格式
	 * 
	 * @return
	 */
	public static synchronized String getTime() {
		return DateFormatUtils.format(new Date(), sdfTime);
	}
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