CREATE TABLE `t` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `c1` varchar(50) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `c2` varchar(50) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `c3` varchar(50) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', PRIMARY KEY (`id`), UNIQUE KEY `c1` (`c1`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=125 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 ; insert into t values(1,2,3,4),(5,6,7,8);
on duplicate key update 语法的官方说明http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E17952_01/refman-5.1-en/insert-on-duplicate.html html
If you specify ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE, and a row is inserted that would cause a duplicate value in a UNIQUE index or PRIMARY KEY, MySQL performs an UPDATE of the old row.
它会先执行插入操做,碰到有主键或惟一索引的列发生冲突时,对冲突的这一行,执行update操做,更新sql语句中指定的某几列。若是全部的列都不冲突,此语法和简单的insert into语法效果同样。例如: mysql
mysql> insert into t (id,c1,c2)values(1,20,30),(5,60,70) on duplicate key update c1=values(c1),c2=values(c2); Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 2 Duplicates: 2 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from t; +----+----+----+----+ | id | c1 | c2 | c3 | +----+----+----+----+ | 1 | 20 | 30 | 4 | | 5 | 60 | 70 | 8 | +----+----+----+----+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)结果是c1,c2这两列被更新了,c3这一列没有变。
replace into 语法的官方说明http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E17952_01/refman-5.5-en/replace.html sql
REPLACE works exactly like INSERT, except that if an old row in the table has the same value as a new row for a PRIMARY KEY or a UNIQUE index, the old row is deleted before the new row is inserted.replace和insert所做的工做彻底相同,区别是当碰到有主键或惟一索引的列发生冲突时,对冲突的这一行,在insert前会先对这行数据执行delete操做。效果是这一行中没有被指定值的列会被更新成本列的默认值,若是全部的列都不冲突,此语法和简单的insert into语法效果同样。例如:
mysql> replace into t (id,c1) values(1,200),(5,600); Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 2 Duplicates: 2 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from t; +----+-----+----+----+ | id | c1 | c2 | c3 | +----+-----+----+----+ | 1 | 200 | | | | 5 | 600 | | | +----+-----+----+----+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> replace into t (c1,c2) values(200,3),(600,7); Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 2 Duplicates: 2 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from t; +-----+-----+----+----+ | id | c1 | c2 | c3 | +-----+-----+----+----+ | 127 | 200 | 3 | | | 128 | 600 | 7 | | +-----+-----+----+----+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)效果是id也被替换掉了.
mysql> replace into t (id,c1) values(127,200),(128,200); Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 2 Duplicates: 3 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from t; +-----+-----+----+----+ | id | c1 | c2 | c3 | +-----+-----+----+----+ | 128 | 200 | | | +-----+-----+----+----+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
最后为何只剩一条记录了?插入(127,200)这一行前,会删掉id=127或c1=200的行,而后执行插入。插入(128,200)这一行前,会删掉id=128或c1=200的行,恰好前面插入的那一行中,c1=200,因此前面那一行也被删掉了,最后只留下了一行。 shell
mysql中没有一次更新记录数的限制,可是有sql语句长度的限制。若是须要执行超长的sql语句,须要调整max_allowed_packet这个配置参数。
max_allowed_packet参数的官方说明http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E17952_01/refman-5.5-en/replication-features-max-allowed-packet.html oracle
max_allowed_packet sets an upper limit on the size of any single message between the MySQL server and clients, including replication slaves.此参数规定mysql服务端和客户端以前的单个消息最大长度,在mysql主从同步时一样有效。