微服务环境搭建

前言：最近在学习关于微服务方面的相关内容，因此写点本身的实际项目搭建经验记录一下，顺带但愿能帮助到喜欢这个方面的朋友吧！

准备工做：

IDE：推荐使用STS，如使用eclipse或者IDEA出现maven引入报错，请参照报错，补全缺失包便可！

项目源码地址：https://github.com/ksuth/MicroService.git

若是没有github帐号请先注册~~具体使用方式请参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/shuyuq/p/9243915.html

实在不会就留个邮箱吧~看到了我会发的~~

 

接下来咱们进入正题：

（一）简单的服务消费项目：

项目名称一：springcloud-ordinary-order-service

1.构建一个简单的spring-boot项目：
方式1：使用spring官网构建：https://start.spring.io

保存到本地后，解压缩导入。

方式二：使用STS构建：直接new个spring-start项目便可。

2.修改pom.xml文件：

<groupId>com.study.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-ordinary-order-service</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>

<name>springcloud-ordinary-order-service</name>
<description>传统的订单服务实例</description>
<!-- 引入spring boot的依赖 -->
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath />
</parent>

<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>

<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 引入内存数据库 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
<artifactId>h2</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<!-- 引入spring-boot的maven插件 -->
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>

3.新增OrderInfo实体类:

@Entity
public class OrderInfo {

//订单ID
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
private Long id;
//订单号
@Column
private String orderNo;
//订单备注
@Column
private String orderRemark;

public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getOrderNo() {
return orderNo;
}
public void setOrderNo(String orderNo) {
this.orderNo = orderNo;
}
public String getOrderRemark() {
return orderRemark;
}
public void setOrderRemark(String orderRemark) {
this.orderRemark = orderRemark;
}


}

4.添加Service层接口：

@Repository
public interface OrderService extends JpaRepository<OrderInfo, Long> {


}

5.添加web层入口：

@RestController
public class OrderController {

@Autowired
private OrderService orderService;

@GetMapping("findOrderById/{id}")
public OrderInfo findById(@PathVariable Long id) {
return orderService.findOne(id);
}
}

6.在resource中添加以下配置文件：

• application.yml

server:
port: 8000
spring:
jpa:
generate-ddl: false
show-sql: true
hibernate:
ddl-auto: none
datasource: # 指定数据源
platform: h2 # 指定数据源类型
schema: classpath:order_schema.sql # 指定h2数据库的建表脚本
data: classpath:order_data.sql # 指定h2数据库的数据脚本
logging: # 配置日志级别，让hibernate打印出执行的SQL
level:
root: INFO
org.hibernate: INFO
org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder: TRACE
org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor: TRACE

• order_data.sql

insert into order_Info (id, order_No, order_Remark) values (1, '20171111111111', '张三的订单', );
insert into order_Info (id, order_No, order_Remark) values (2, '20172222222222', '李四的订单', );
insert into order_Info (id, order_No, order_Remark) values (3, '20173333333333', '王五的订单', );

• order_schema.sql

drop table order_Info if exists;
create table order_Info (id bigint generated by default as identity, order_No varchar(50), order_Remark varchar(100), primary key (id));

实现上述操做后可看到项目代码结构以下：

7.启动项目：执行项目中main方法

8.检查结果：

看到这个结果代表服务创建成功。

接下来咱们要创建一个简单的消费服务来消费刚才所创建的项目！

 

项目名称二：springcloud-ordinary-user-service

1.构建简单的spring-boot项目（方法再也不赘述）

2.修改pom.xml文件:

<groupId>com.study.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-ordinary-user-service</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>

<name>springcloud-ordinary-user-service</name>
<description>传统的用户服务实例，作为消费者使用</description>

<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> 
</parent>

<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>

<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 引入内存数据库 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
<artifactId>h2</artifactId>
</dependency>


</dependencies>

<!-- 引入Maven插件 -->
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>

3.新建实体类：

@Entity
public class OrderInfo {

//订单ID
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
private Long id;
//订单号
@Column
private String orderNo;
//订单备注
@Column
private String orderRemark;


public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getOrderNo() {
return orderNo;
}
public void setOrderNo(String orderNo) {
this.orderNo = orderNo;
}
public String getOrderRemark() {
return orderRemark;
}
public void setOrderRemark(String orderRemark) {
this.orderRemark = orderRemark;
}


}

4.新建web层消费接口：

@RestController
public class UserController {

@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@GetMapping("/user/findOrderById/{id}")
public OrderInfo findOrderById(@PathVariable Long id){ 
return (OrderInfo) restTemplate.getForEntity("http://localhost:8000/findOrderById/"+id, OrderInfo.class).getBody();
}
}

5.在resource下新增配置文件：

application.yml：

server:
port: 8010

完成后项目结构以下：

此时启动项目访问以下路径：http://localhost:8010//user/findOrderById/2

如实现上图结果表示消费服务创建成功！

总结：此时咱们能够看到，咱们成功的在springcloud-ordinary-user-service项目中去使用了springcloud-ordinary-order-service的接口，获得了咱们想要的结果！这个就是微服务项目的起点~固然这是最简单的一个，只是让咱们理解服务于消费是怎么样的关系，不能运用于实际工做！接下来咱们继续！

 

在以前两项目的基础之上，咱们如今须要加上微服务的核心：注册于发现！

让咱们先来写一个注册服务：

项目名称：springcloud-eureka-server

1.新建spring-boot项目

2.修改pom.xml文件：

<groupId>com.study.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-eureka-server</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>

<name>springcloud-eureka-server</name>
<description>服务注册与发现</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath />
</parent>

<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>

<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>

<!-- 引入Spring Cloud Eureka依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<!-- 引入spring cloud的依赖 -->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Camden.SR6</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

<!-- 引入Maven插件 -->
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>

3.在入口处添加以下注解：

@EnableEurekaServer
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringcloudEurekaServerApplication {

public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringcloudEurekaServerApplication.class, args);
}
}

4.添加application.yml配置文件：

server:
port: 8761 # 指定该Eureka实例的端口,默认为8761
eureka:
client:
registerWithEureka: false
fetchRegistry: false
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

5.项目结构（参照以前的再也不列举）

6.启动项目，访问以下地址：http://localhost:8761/

能够看到咱们这个简单的注册服务功能就实现了~

既然已经有了注册中心，下一步咱们确定就是对刚才已经写好的两个项目进行改造，将服务注册到注册中心上去！

 

（二）基于注册中心的服务消费项目：

项目名称：springcloud-order-service

构建项目参照上述内容，需修改内容以下：

1.pom.xml

<groupId>com.study.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-order-service</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>

<name>springcloud-order-service</name>
<description>订单服务实例</description>
<!-- 引入spring boot的依赖 -->
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath />
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 引入内存数据库 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
<artifactId>h2</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 引入Spring Cloud Eureka 客服端依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<!-- 引入spring cloud的依赖 -->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Camden.SR6</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<!-- 引入spring-boot的maven插件 -->
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>

2.启动服务入口处注解添加：

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringcloudOrdinaryOrderServiceApplication {

public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringcloudOrdinaryOrderServiceApplication.class, args);
}
}

3.application.yml

server:
port: 8020
spring:
application:
name: springcloud-order-service 
jpa: 
generate-ddl: false
show-sql: true
hibernate:
ddl-auto: none
datasource: # 指定数据源
platform: h2 # 指定数据源类型
schema: classpath:order_schema.sql # 指定h2数据库的建表脚本
data: classpath:order_data.sql # 指定h2数据库的数据脚本
logging: # 配置日志级别，让hibernate打印出执行的SQL
level:
root: INFO
org.hibernate: INFO
org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder: TRACE
org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor: TRACE

eureka:
client:
serviceUrl: 
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

修改完成后结构以下：

启动服务前，请保证咱们以前写的注册中心服务为启动状态！此时咱们能够在注册中心看到：

这表示咱们新的服务注册成功了！

一样的，咱们能够将以前的消费服务注册到注册中心！项目改造以下：

项目名称：springcloud-user-service

项目修改：

1.pom.xml

<groupId>com.study.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-user-service</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>

<name>springcloud-user-service</name>
<description>传统的用户服务实例，作为消费者使用</description>

<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> 
</parent>

<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>

<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 引入内存数据库 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
<artifactId>h2</artifactId>
</dependency>

<!-- 引入Spring Cloud eureka 客服端依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<!-- 引入SpringCloud 依赖 -->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Camden.SR6</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

<!-- 引入Maven插件 -->
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>

2.web入口方式修改：

@RestController
public class UserController {

@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@Autowired
private EurekaClient discoveryClient;

public String serviceUrl() {
InstanceInfo instance = discoveryClient.getNextServerFromEureka("SPRINGCLOUD-ORDER-SERVICE", false);
return instance.getHomePageUrl();
}

@GetMapping("/user/findOrderById/{id}")
public OrderInfo findOrderById(@PathVariable Long id){ 
return (OrderInfo) restTemplate.getForEntity(this.serviceUrl()+"/findOrderById/"+id, OrderInfo.class).getBody();
}
}

3.添加注解：

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringcloudOrdinaryUserServiceApplication {

@Bean
RestTemplate restTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringcloudOrdinaryUserServiceApplication.class, args);
}
}

4.application.yml

server:
port: 8030 #设置端口号
spring:
application:
name: springcloud-user-service
eureka: 
client: 
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

项目代码结构与以前相似

完成上述改造后咱们能够启动服务，检查注册中心以下：

此时咱们能够看到以前的两个服务都已经归入到注册中心！

咱们访问消费服务：http://localhost:8030//user/findOrderById/3

 

尾声：

关于一个简单的微服务项目搭建就给你们介绍到这里。GitHub中给出了基于权限验证的项目代码，若是对这一块感兴趣的朋友不妨能够参考下~最后对于微服务项目的高可用作个简单的介绍，咱们通常的实现方式为经过启动两个注册中心，相互注册，实现服务的相互同步来达到高可用的目的~若是有更好的方式欢迎提出来一块儿探讨~