ORACLE 12C PDB 维护基础介绍
CDB和PDB是ORACLE 12C一个很亮的新特性,因为他们的引入致使传统的ORACLE数据库管理理念很多发生了改变,这里列举了部分最基本的cdb和pdb管理方式html
cdb和pdb关系图sql
ORACLE 12C版本数据库
SQL>select*fromv$version;
BANNER CON_ID
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
OracleDatabase12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production 0
PL/SQL Release 12.1.0.1.0 - Production 0
CORE 12.1.0.1.0 Production 0
TNSforLinux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production 0
NLSRTL Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production
启动关闭pdbc#
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total SystemGlobalArea 597098496 bytes
FixedSize 2291072 bytes
VariableSize 272632448 bytes
DatabaseBuffers 314572800 bytes
Redo Buffers 7602176 bytes
Databasemounted.
Databaseopened.
SQL>selectcon_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODEfromv$pdbs;
CON_ID DBIDNAME OPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 4048821679 PDB$SEED READONLY
3 3313918585 PDB1 MOUNTED
4 3872456618 PDB2 MOUNTED
SQL>alterPLUGGABLEdatabasepdb1open;
Pluggabledatabasealtered.
SQL>selectcon_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODEfromv$pdbs;
CON_ID DBIDNAME OPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 4048821679 PDB$SEED READONLY
3 3313918585 PDB1 READWRITE
4 3872456618 PDB2 MOUNTED
SQL>alterPLUGGABLEdatabasepdb1close;
Pluggabledatabasealtered.
SQL>selectcon_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODEfromv$pdbs;
CON_ID DBIDNAME OPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 4048821679 PDB$SEED READONLY
3 3313918585 PDB1 MOUNTED
4 3872456618 PDB2 MOUNTED
SQL>alterPLUGGABLEdatabaseallopen;
Pluggabledatabasealtered.
SQL>selectcon_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODEfromv$pdbs;
CON_ID DBIDNAME OPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 4048821679 PDB$SEED READONLY
3 3313918585 PDB1 READWRITE
4 3872456618 PDB2 READWRITE
SQL>alterPLUGGABLEdatabaseallclose;
Pluggabledatabasealtered.
SQL>selectcon_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODEfromv$pdbs;
CON_ID DBIDNAME OPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 4048821679 PDB$SEED READONLY
3 3313918585 PDB1 MOUNTED
4 3872456618 PDB2 MOUNTED
SQL>altersessionsetcontainer=pdb1;
Session altered.
SQL> startup
PluggableDatabaseopened.
SQL> selectcon_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODEfromv$pdbs;
CON_ID DBIDNAME OPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
3 3313918585 PDB1 READWRITE
pdb的管理能够在cdb中进行也能够在pdb中进行,若是是cdb中进行,须要PLUGGABLE关键字,若是是pdb中直接和普通数据库同样session
登陆pdboracle
[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTLforLinux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Productionon12-MAY-2013 08:07:02
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. Allrights reserved.
Connectingto(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=xifenfei)(PORT=1521)))
STATUSofthe LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNRforLinux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production
StartDate 11-MAY-2013 18:30:54
Uptime 0 days 13 hr. 36min. 8 sec
TraceLevel off
Security ON:LocalOS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/grid/product/12.1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/grid/diag/tnslsnr/xifenfei/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=xifenfei)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=xifenfei)(PORT=5500))
(Security=(my_wallet_directory=/u01/oracle/12.1/db_1/admin/cdb/xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))
Services Summary...
Service"+ASM"has 1 instance(s).
Instance"+ASM", status READY, has 1 handler(s)forthis service...
Service"cdb"has 1 instance(s).
Instance"cdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s)forthis service...
Service"cdbXDB"has 1 instance(s).
Instance"cdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s)forthis service...
Service"pdb1"has 1 instance(s).
Instance"cdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s)forthis service...
Service"pdb2"has 1 instance(s).
Instance"cdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s)forthis service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ tnsping pdb1
TNS Ping UtilityforLinux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Productionon12-MAY-2013 08:07:09
Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle. Allrights reserved.
Used parameter files:
Used TNSNAMES adaptertoresolve the alias
Attemptingtocontact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = xifenfei)
(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = pdb1)))
OK (20 msec)
[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ sqlplus sys/xifenfei@pdb1assysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 ProductiononSun May 12 08:08:02 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. Allrights reserved.
Connectedto:
OracleDatabase12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
Withthe Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Advanced Analytics
andRealApplication Testing options
SQL> show con_name;
CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDB1
[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ sqlplus /assysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 ProductiononSun May 12 08:09:14 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. Allrights reserved.
Connectedto:
OracleDatabase12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
Withthe Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Advanced Analytics
andRealApplication Testing options
SQL>altersessionsetcontainer=pdb1;
Session altered.
SQL> show con_name;
CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDB1
pdb能够经过alter session container进入也能够直接经过tns方式登陆app
建立用户tcp
SQL> show con_name;
CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
SQL>selectcon_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODEfromv$pdbs;
CON_ID DBIDNAME OPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 4048821679 PDB$SEED READONLY
3 3313918585 PDB1 READWRITE
4 3872456618 PDB2 MOUNTED
SQL>createuserxff identifiedbyxifenfei;
createuserxff identifiedbyxifenfei
*
ERRORatline 1:
ORA-65096: invalid commonuserorrolename
SQL> !oerr ora 65096
65096, 00000,"invalid common user or role name"
// *Cause: An attempt was madetocreatea commonuserorrolewithaname
// that wassnotvalidforcommon usersorroles. Inadditionto
// the usual rulesforuserandrole names, commonuserandrole
// names must startwithC##orc##andconsistonlyofASCII
// characters.
// *Action: Specify a valid commonuserorrolename.
//
SQL>createuserc##xff identifiedbyxifenfei;
Usercreated.
SQL>SELECTUSERNAME,CON_ID,USER_IDFROMCDB_USERSWHEREUSERNAME='C##XFF';
USERNAME CON_ID USER_ID
---------- ---------- ----------
C##XFF 1 103
C##XFF 3 104
SQL>altersessionsetcontainer=pdb1;
Session altered.
SQL> show con_name
CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDB1
SQL>createuserxff identifiedbyxifenfei;
Usercreated.
SQL>createuserc##abc identifiedbyxifenfei;
createuserc##abc identifiedbyxifenfei
*
ERRORatline 1:
ORA-65094: invalidlocaluserorrolename
建立用户默认的是container=all,在cdb中只能建立全局用户(c##开头),会在cdb和全部的pdb中建立该用户(可是pdb中的全局用户须要另外受权才可以在pdb中访问)。在pdb中只能建立的用户为本地用户ide
用户受权this
SQL>grantconnecttoc##xff;
Grantsucceeded.
SQL>selectGRANTEE,con_idfromcdb_ROLE_PRIVSwhereGRANTED_ROLE='CONNECT'ANDGRANTEE='C##XFF';
GRANTEE CON_ID
------------------------------ ----------
C##XFF 1
SQL>grantresourcetoc##xff container=all;
Grantsucceeded.
SQL> selectGRANTEE,con_idfromcdb_ROLE_PRIVSwhereGRANTED_ROLE='RESOURCE'AND GRANTEE='C##XFF';
GRANTEE CON_ID
------------------------------ ----------
C##XFF 1
C##XFF 3
用户受权默认状况下是只会给当前container,在cdb中也能够指定container=all,对全部open的pdb且存在该用户都进行受权
修改参数
SQL>altersystemsetopen_cursors=500 container=all;
System altered.
SQL> conn sys/xifenfei@pdb1assysdba
Connected.
SQL> show parameter open_cursors;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
open_cursors integer 500
SQL> altersystemsetopen_cursors=100;
altersystemsetopen_cursors=100
*
ERRORatline 1:
ORA-01219:databaseorpluggabledatabasenotopen: queries allowedonfixed
tablesorviewsonly
SQL>alterdatabaseopen;
Databasealtered.
SQL>altersystemsetopen_cursors=100;
System altered.
SQL> show parameter open_cursors;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
open_cursors integer 100
SQL> conn /assysdba
Connected.
SQL> show parameter open_cursors;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
open_cursors integer 500
这里能够看到在cdb中修改,pdb会继承进去;若是在pdb中修改会覆盖pdb从cdb中继承的参数含义