（转）在以太坊私有网络中创建节点集群,并发生交易

时间 2019-11-09

原文原文链接

第二节中了解了使用geth搭建以太坊私有网络,这一次则要在私有网络中创建多个node组成的集群,并互相发现,产生交易.html

为了在本地网络运行多个以太坊节点的实例,必须确保一下几点:
1. 每一个实例都有独立的数据目录(--datadir)
2. 每一个实例运行都有独立的端口.(eth和rpc二者都是)(--port 和 --rpcprot)
3. 在集群的状况下, 实例之间都必需要知道彼此.
4. 惟一的ipc通讯端点,或者禁用ipc.

启动第一个节点(指定端口,并禁用ipc),运行命令和结果以下:node

 
         ~ 
         /Documents/private-geth 
          geth --datadir . 
         /data/00 
         --networkid 314590 --ipcdisable --port 61910 --rpcport 8200 console 
        
         INFO [05-29|16:18:59] Starting peer-to-peer node               instance=Geth 
         /v1 
         .6.1-stable-021c3c28 
         /linux-amd64/go1 
         .8.1 
        
         INFO [05-29|16:18:59] Allocated cache and  
         file 
         handles         database= 
         /home/zl/Documents/private-geth/data/00/geth/chaindata 
         cache=128 handles=1024 
        
         INFO [05-29|16:18:59] Initialised chain configuration          config= 
         "{ChainID: 15 Homestead: 0 DAO: <nil> DAOSupport: false EIP150: <nil> EIP155: 0 EIP158: 0 Engine: unknown}" 
        
         INFO [05-29|16:18:59] Disk storage enabled  
         for 
         ethash caches    
         dir 
         = 
         /home/zl/Documents/private-geth/data/00/geth/ethash 
         count=3 
        
         INFO [05-29|16:18:59] Disk storage enabled  
         for 
         ethash DAGs      
         dir 
         = 
         /home/zl/ 
         .ethash                                    count=2 
        
         INFO [05-29|16:18:59] Initialising Ethereum protocol           versions= 
         "[63 62]" 
         network=314590 
        
         INFO [05-29|16:18:59] Loaded most recent  
         local 
         header          number=29  
         hash 
         =8ff3ff…dac4a2 td=7372364 
        
         INFO [05-29|16:18:59] Loaded most recent  
         local 
         full block      number=29  
         hash 
         =8ff3ff…dac4a2 td=7372364 
        
         INFO [05-29|16:18:59] Loaded most recent  
         local 
         fast block      number=29  
         hash 
         =8ff3ff…dac4a2 td=7372364 
        
         WARN [05-29|16:18:59] Blockchain not empty, fast  
         sync 
         disabled  
        
         INFO [05-29|16:18:59] Starting P2P networking  
        
         INFO [05-29|16:19:01] Mapped network port                      proto=udp extport=61910 intport=61910 interface= 
         "UPNP IGDv1-IP1" 
        
         INFO [05-29|16:19:02] RLPx listener up                         self=enode: 
         //ad307e052d0e04af519b8999fa870800df8a7a0cc2a91e6aea30e879b75c344dfa12c773a63a71677c2a3ea1254cf982815817f7ff58bd79e5837ea44d791a2d 
         @192.168.1.2:61910 
        
         INFO [05-29|16:19:02] Mapped network port                      proto=tcp extport=61910 intport=61910 interface= 
         "UPNP IGDv1-IP1" 
        
         Welcome to the Geth JavaScript console! 
        
         instance: Geth 
         /v1 
         .6.1-stable-021c3c28 
         /linux-amd64/go1 
         .8.1 
        
         coinbase: 0x5fba50fce50baf0b8a7314200ba46336958ac97e 
        
         at block: 29 (Mon, 29 May 2017 13:13:46 CST) 
        
         datadir:  
         /home/zl/Documents/private-geth/data/00 
        
         modules: admin:1.0 debug:1.0 eth:1.0 miner:1.0 net:1.0 personal:1.0 rpc:1.0 txpool:1.0 web3:1.0

上面的命令以命令行的(console)的方式启动了节点, 因此咱们能够经过继续输入下面的命令获取节点实例的enode url:linux

 
         >admin.nodeInfo.enode 
        
         "enode://ad307e052d0e04af519b8999fa870800df8a7a0cc2a91e6aea30e879b75c344dfa12c773a63a71677c2a3ea1254cf982815817f7ff58bd79e5837ea44d791a2d@192.168.1.2:61910" 
        
         >

###########################获取本机IP地址###########################git

 
         $  
         ifconfig 
         | 
         grep 
         netmask| 
         awk 
         '{print $2}' 
        
         127.0.0.1 
        
         192.168.1.102

###########################

再打开一个终端,初始化第二个节点:github

 
         geth --datadir . 
         /data/01 
         init . 
         /genesis 
         .json

启动第二个节点:web

 
         ~ 
         /Documents/private-geth 
          geth --datadir . 
         /data/01 
         --networkid 314590 --ipcdisable --port 61911 --rpcport 8101 --bootnodes  
         "enode://ad307e052d0e04af519b8999fa870800df8a7a0cc2a91e6aea30e879b75c344dfa12c773a63a71677c2a3ea1254cf982815817f7ff58bd79e5837ea44d791a2d@192.168.1.2:61910" 
         console 
        
         INFO [05-29|18:42:15] Starting peer-to-peer node               instance=Geth 
         /v1 
         .6.1-stable-021c3c28 
         /linux-amd64/go1 
         .8.1 
        
         INFO [05-29|18:42:15] Allocated cache and  
         file 
         handles         database= 
         /home/zl/Documents/private-geth/data/01/geth/chaindata 
         cache=128 handles=1024 
        
         INFO [05-29|18:42:15] Initialised chain configuration          config= 
         "{ChainID: 15 Homestead: 0 DAO:  DAOSupport: false EIP150:  EIP155: 0 EIP158: 0 Engine: unknown}" 
        
         INFO [05-29|18:42:15] Disk storage enabled  
         for 
         ethash caches    
         dir 
         = 
         /home/zl/Documents/private-geth/data/01/geth/ethash 
         count=3 
        
         INFO [05-29|18:42:15] Disk storage enabled  
         for 
         ethash DAGs      
         dir 
         = 
         /home/zl/ 
         .ethash                                    count=2 
        
         INFO [05-29|18:42:15] Initialising Ethereum protocol           versions= 
         "[63 62]" 
         network=314590 
        
         INFO [05-29|18:42:15] Loaded most recent  
         local 
         header          number=36  
         hash 
         =e1541c…418ce3 td=8938686 
        
         INFO [05-29|18:42:15] Loaded most recent  
         local 
         full block      number=36  
         hash 
         =e1541c…418ce3 td=8938686 
        
         INFO [05-29|18:42:15] Loaded most recent  
         local 
         fast block      number=36  
         hash 
         =e1541c…418ce3 td=8938686 
        
         WARN [05-29|18:42:15] Blockchain not empty, fast  
         sync 
         disabled  
        
         INFO [05-29|18:42:15] Starting P2P networking  
        
         INFO [05-29|18:42:17] Mapped network port                      proto=udp extport=61911 intport=61911 interface= 
         "UPNP IGDv1-IP1" 
        
         INFO [05-29|18:42:17] RLPx listener up                         self=enode: 
         //2261c433ed5d12924f727b61bf4084f22f4199b430115827c8eae3bb210c0dd5b3dd7df8dc13d8ca80c80f4a36e25c7bc7737737001d0b09324ee43ca6b9d7f8 
         @192.168.1.2:61911 
        
         INFO [05-29|18:42:17] Mapped network port                      proto=tcp extport=61911 intport=61911 interface= 
         "UPNP IGDv1-IP1" 
        
         Welcome to the Geth JavaScript console! 
        
         instance: Geth 
         /v1 
         .6.1-stable-021c3c28 
         /linux-amd64/go1 
         .8.1 
        
         coinbase: 0x0a8c35653d8b229c16f0c9ce6f63cffb877cfdcf 
        
         at block: 36 (Mon, 29 May 2017 18:30:22 CST) 
        
         datadir:  
         /home/zl/Documents/private-geth/data/01 
        
         modules: admin:1.0 debug:1.0 eth:1.0 miner:1.0 net:1.0 personal:1.0 rpc:1.0 txpool:1.0 web3:1.0

上面的命令中,--bootndoes 是设置当前节点启动后,直接经过设置--bootndoes 的值来连接第一个节点, --bootnoedes 的值能够经过在第一个节的命令行中,输入:admin.nodeInfo.enode命令打印出来.
也能够不设置 --bootnodes, 直接启动,启动后进入命令行, 经过命令admin.addPeer(enodeUrlOfFirst Instance)把它做为一个peer添加进来.
为了确认连接成功,第二个节点输入: json

 
         > admin.nodeInfo 
        
         { 
        
         enode:  
         "enode://2261c433ed5d12924f727b61bf4084f22f4199b430115827c8eae3bb210c0dd5b3dd7df8dc13d8ca80c80f4a36e25c7bc7737737001d0b09324ee43ca6b9d7f8@192.168.1.2:61911" 
         , 
        
         id 
         :  
         "2261c433ed5d12924f727b61bf4084f22f4199b430115827c8eae3bb210c0dd5b3dd7df8dc13d8ca80c80f4a36e25c7bc7737737001d0b09324ee43ca6b9d7f8" 
         , 
        
         ip:  
         "192.168.1.2" 
         , 
        
         listenAddr:  
         "[::]:61911" 
         , 
        
         name:  
         "Geth/v1.6.1-stable-021c3c28/linux-amd64/go1.8.1" 
         , 
        
         ports: { 
        
         discovery: 61911, 
        
         listener: 61911 
        
         }, 
        
         protocols: { 
        
         eth: { 
        
         difficulty: 8938686, 
        
         genesis:  
         "0xa0e580c6769ac3dd80894b2a256164a76b796839d2eb7f799ef6b9850ea5e82e" 
         , 
        
         head 
         :  
         "0xe1541cc54dbcade54fb61053ffa71391c44bb6655cf9619635263960bc418ce3" 
         , 
        
         network: 314590 
        
         } 
        
         } 
        
         } 
        
         >

第一个节点输入:bash

 
         > net.peerCount 
        
         1 
        
         > admin.peers 
        
         [{ 
        
         caps: [ 
         "eth/62" 
         ,  
         "eth/63" 
         ], 
        
         id 
         :  
         "2261c433ed5d12924f727b61bf4084f22f4199b430115827c8eae3bb210c0dd5b3dd7df8dc13d8ca80c80f4a36e25c7bc7737737001d0b09324ee43ca6b9d7f8" 
         , 
        
         name:  
         "Geth/v1.6.1-stable-021c3c28/linux-amd64/go1.8.1" 
         , 
        
         network: { 
        
         localAddress:  
         "192.168.0.103:61910" 
         , 
        
         remoteAddress:  
         "192.168.1.2:41912" 
        
         }, 
        
         protocols: { 
        
         eth: { 
        
         difficulty: 8938686, 
        
         head 
         :  
         "0xe1541cc54dbcade54fb61053ffa71391c44bb6655cf9619635263960bc418ce3" 
         , 
        
         version: 63 
        
         } 
        
         } 
        
         }] 
        
         >

从获得的结果能够看出,第一个节点有1个peer连接, 连接的node id为:
"2261c433ed5d12924f727b61bf4084f22f4199b430115827c8eae3bb210c0dd5b3dd7df8dc13d8ca80c80f4a36e25c7bc7737737001d0b09324ee43ca6b9d7f8"
这个id,正好就是第二个节点的id.

按照这样的方式继续扩展,能够很是容易就能够创建本地节点集群.这些工做均可以写成脚本代码来完成, 里面还能够包含建立帐户,挖矿等..
请参考:https://github.com/ethersphere/eth-utils下的gethcluster.sh脚本,以及README中的使用方法和示例.

连接成功后,使用咱们在上一篇文章中挖矿的帐户,向第二个节点发送 "ether"(以太币的货币单位,还有一种叫"Wei",基本上这些货币单位都是用一些牛逼的人的名字来命名的).
首先查看第二个节点的Wei数量和整个网络的区块号,还有接收货币的帐号id:网络

 
         > eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0]) 
        
         0000000000000000000 
        
         > eth.blockNumber 
        
         30  
        
         > eth.accounts[0] 
        
         "0x0a8c35653d8b229c16f0c9ce6f63cffb877cfdcf" 
        
         >

在第一个节点命令行中,执行下面的操做:app

 
         > personal.unlockAccount(eth.accounts[0],  
         "ko2005" 
         ) 
        
         true 
        
         > eth.sendTransaction({from:  
         "0x5fba50fce50baf0b8a7314200ba46336958ac97e" 
         , to:  
         "0x0a8c35653d8b229c16f0c9ce6f63cffb877cfdcf" 
         , value: web3.toWei(1,  
         "ether" 
         )}) 
        
         INFO [05-29|17:33:42] Submitted transaction                    fullhash=0x51a75422f79fa96e70a0c1481851bc9f827868c44203b68d74f9815ffb367d5f recipient=0x0a8c35653d8b229c16f0c9ce6f63cffb877cfdcf 
        
         "0x51a75422f79fa96e70a0c1481851bc9f827868c44203b68d74f9815ffb367d5f" 
        
         > eth.pendingTransactions 
        
         [{ 
        
         blockHash: null, 
        
         blockNumber: null, 
        
         from:  
         "0x5fba50fce50baf0b8a7314200ba46336958ac97e" 
         , 
        
         gas: 90000, 
        
         gasPrice: 20000000000, 
        
         hash 
         :  
         "0x51a75422f79fa96e70a0c1481851bc9f827868c44203b68d74f9815ffb367d5f" 
         , 
        
         input:  
         "0x" 
         , 
        
         nonce: 0, 
        
         r:  
         "0x5632a8ade4a767dbd949ba1042cb33f98dd0722ab999ba18e1454d19d8bd1f6d" 
         , 
        
         s:  
         "0x515dcfa3de297f0c956ad9a061a5561f47cc9ccbb0a547cda59193c77fcbe3f7" 
         , 
        
         to:  
         "0x0a8c35653d8b229c16f0c9ce6f63cffb877cfdcf" 
         , 
        
         transactionIndex: 0, 
        
         v 
         :  
         "0x42" 
         , 
        
         value: 1000000000000000000 
        
         }]

eth.sendTransaction就是执行发送以太币的操做, 参数from, to分别是发送帐户和接收帐户, web3.toWei(1, "ether")是将1单位"ether"转换为相应的"Wei"数量.

而后执行挖矿(这里我也不理解,为何发送货币之后,要经过挖矿才能让交易生效)

 
         > miner.start() 
        
         INFO [05-29|18:26:47] Updated mining threads                   threads=0 
        
         INFO [05-29|18:26:47] Starting mining operation  
        
         null 
        
         > INFO [05-29|18:26:47] Commit new mining work                   number=31 txs=1 uncles=0 elapsed=1.094ms 
        
         > INFO [05-29|18:30:14] Successfully sealed new block            number=31  
         hash 
         =19e3d7…a6ecd5 
        
         INFO [05-29|18:30:14] 🔨 mined potential block                  number=31  
         hash 
         =19e3d7…a6ecd5 
        
         INFO [05-29|18:30:14] Commit new mining work                   number=32 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=2.314ms 
        
         INFO [05-29|18:30:17] Successfully sealed new block            number=32  
         hash 
         =94748a…cdbc17 
        
         INFO [05-29|18:30:17] 🔨 mined potential block                  number=32  
         hash 
         =94748a…cdbc17 
        
         INFO [05-29|18:30:17] Commit new mining work                   number=33 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=156.295µs 
        
         INFO [05-29|18:30:19] Successfully sealed new block            number=33  
         hash 
         =b8e037…cd50ff 
        
         INFO [05-29|18:30:19] 🔨 mined potential block                  number=33  
         hash 
         =b8e037…cd50ff 
        
         INFO [05-29|18:30:19] Commit new mining work                   number=34 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=131.676µs 
        
         > mINFO [05-29|18:30:20] Successfully sealed new block            number=34  
         hash 
         =7ad61a…f63067 
        
         INFO [05-29|18:30:20] 🔨 mined potential block                  number=34  
         hash 
         =7ad61a…f63067 
        
         INFO [05-29|18:30:20] Commit new mining work                   number=35 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=138.957µs 
        
         > miner.stINFO [05-29|18:30:22] Successfully sealed new block            number=35  
         hash 
         =eb9652…a1a9e3 
        
         INFO [05-29|18:30:22] 🔨 mined potential block                  number=35  
         hash 
         =eb9652…a1a9e3 
        
         INFO [05-29|18:30:22] Commit new mining work                   number=36 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=334.318µs 
        
         > miner.stopINFO [05-29|18:30:22] Successfully sealed new block            number=36  
         hash 
         =e1541c…418ce3 
        
         INFO [05-29|18:30:22] 🔗 block reached canonical chain          number=31  
         hash 
         =19e3d7…a6ecd5 
        
         INFO [05-29|18:30:22] 🔨 mined potential block                  number=36  
         hash 
         =e1541c…418ce3 
        
         INFO [05-29|18:30:22] Commit new mining work                   number=37 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=117.185µs 
        
         > miner.stop() 
        
         true 
        
         >

从上面的日志能够看到,执行挖矿以后,一共有6个区块产生.
再在第二个节点的命令行输入:

 
         > eth.blockNumber 
        
         36 
        
         > eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0]) 
        
         1000000000000000000

能够看到第二个节点中的帐户,已经得有了1个"ether", 而且能够看出,以太坊中,1"ether"=1000000000000000000"Wei.
以前输入eth.blockNumber,获得的值为30,其实只要挖出第一个区块的时候,就能够中止,发送到第二个node帐户中的一个"ether",就已经生效.

总结一下:
此次以咱们完成了如下内容:
1)建立区块链私有网络,并在网络中,创建本身的节点集群.
2)在接点集群中,经过一个节点的帐户向网络中的另一个节点的帐户转了1个以太坊币,交易成功.

下一次,咱们将开始使用truffle,写一个以太坊的"Hello World",正式进入区块链的开发.

另外说一下,
本人也是区块链新手,一边学习,一边把学习的过程记录下来向你们分享,中间走了很是多的弯路,
耗费了大量时间, 文章主要是把本身的学习经验分享出来,一个是本身能够巩固,另外能够帮助你们,避免你们和我同样走不少弯路.
若是文章中有写得不对的,或者有更好的方法,还请各位大神批评指正.

转自：http://www.cnblogs.com/zl03jsj/p/6876064.html