《Oracle DBA工做笔记》第二章 经常使用工具和问题分析（2）--exp/imp系列问题

时间  2021-04-17
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《Oracle DBA工做笔记》第二章 经常使用工具和问题分析（1）--删库、orabase、sqlplus http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?src=3&timestamp=1470396751&ver=1&signature=3zOxvwdWqIAgGXx0pyNNHRtVIP-JqJS0WZD-Tq*7H2azxglzF0p1Ni-bsPrW*35Jq-zpEA*3ihQlunpvfe-0XCsHRELNgghB5HNTarBrkluNO7Ne9QiKRIeTwPZOv0U5KYwgVc5T1t9ymz8UkilPkVBa66Izb5TXBxzpeAexcWY=


4.3  exp/imp系列问题

4.3.1  使用query选项

Oracle的exp工具备一个query参数能够指定一个where条件来有条件地导出记录, 对于不常常用这个选项的人来讲, 常常会遇到这样的错误:linux

LRM-00112: multiple values not allowed for parameter 'query'sql

EXP-00019: failed to process parameters, type 'EXP HELP=Y' for help数据库

EXP-00000: Export terminated unsuccessfullywindows

这是由于在where条件中通常都会有空格, 而命令行下就会被释成几个命令行参数, 须要用单引号或双引号将整个where条件括起来, 就能够了，或者使用正斜杠\来对字符进行转义，windows下和linux下不太同样，这个就比较繁琐了，可是有个通用的办法就是使用parfile来解析，这个不管是windows仍是linux下均可以使用，举个例子，咱们须要导出表test_query_lhr中的owner为SCOTT的记录，咱们能够执行：oracle

exp \'/ AS SYSDBA\'  tables=test_query_lhr file=/tmp/test_query_lhr_scott.dmp query=\" where owner=\'SCOTT\' \" log=/tmp/test_query_lhr_scott.logapp

 

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/oracle>ORACLE_SID=raclhr1编辑器

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/oracle>sqlplus / as sysdbaide

 

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Tue Aug 2 15:18:56 2016工具

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.url

 

 

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

 

SYS@raclhr1> create table test_query_lhr as select * from dba_tables;

 

Table created.

 

SYS@raclhr1> select count(1) from test_query_lhr where owner='SCOTT';

 

  COUNT(1)

----------

         4

 

SYS@raclhr1> exit

Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/oracle>exp \'/ AS SYSDBA\'  tables=test_query_lhr file=/tmp/test_query_lhr_scott.dmp query=\" where owner=\'SCOTT\' \" log=/tmp/test_query_lhr_scott.log

 

Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Aug 2 15:23:08 2016

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

 

 

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Tes

Export done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

 

About to export specified tables via Conventional Path ...

. . exporting table                 TEST_QUERY_LHR          4 rows exported

Export terminated successfully without warnings.

下边使用parfile的方式来导出：

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/oracle>more /tmp/scottfile.par

query="where owner='SCOTT'"

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/oracle> exp \'/ AS SYSDBA\'  tables=test_query_lhr file=/tmp/test_query_lhr_scott_01.dmp parfile=/tmp/scottfile.par log=/tmp/test_query_lhr_scott_01.log

 

Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Aug 2 15:30:09 2016

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

 

 

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Tes

Export done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

 

About to export specified tables via Conventional Path ...

. . exporting table                 TEST_QUERY_LHR          4 rows exported

Export terminated successfully without warnings.

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/oracle>

 

4.3.2  获得对象的DDL语句

imp工具使用show=y log=get_ddl.sql的方式,能够看到清晰的ddl脚本，同时也不会真正的执行数据导入：

exp  \'/ AS SYSDBA\'  tables=scott.emp  file=/tmp/exp_ddl_lhr_01.dmp  log=/tmp/exp_table.log  buffer=41943040 rows=n compress=n

imp \'/ AS SYSDBA\' file=/tmp/exp_ddl_lhr_01.dmp show=y log=/tmp/get_ddl.sql buffer=20480000  full=y

 

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/oracle>exp  \'/ AS SYSDBA\'  tables=scott.emp  file=/tmp/exp_ddl_lhr_01.dmp  log=/tmp/exp_table.log  buffer=41943040 rows=n compress=n

 

Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Aug 2 15:42:11 2016

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

 

 

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Tes

Export done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

Note: table data (rows) will not be exported

 

About to export specified tables via Conventional Path ...

Current user changed to SCOTT

. . exporting table                            EMP

Export terminated successfully without warnings.

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/oracle>imp \'/ AS SYSDBA\' file=/tmp/exp_ddl_lhr_01.dmp show=y log=/tmp/get_ddl.sql buffer=20480000  full=y

 

Import: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Aug 2 15:42:44 2016

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

 

 

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Tes

 

Export file created by EXPORT:V11.02.00 via conventional path

import done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

. importing SYS's objects into SYS

. importing SCOTT's objects into SCOTT

"ALTER SESSION SET CURRENT_SCHEMA= "SCOTT""

"CREATE TABLE "EMP" ("EMPNO" NUMBER(4, 0), "ENAME" VARCHAR2(10), "JOB" VARCH"

"AR2(9), "MGR" NUMBER(4, 0), "HIREDATE" DATE, "SAL" NUMBER(7, 2), "COMM" NUM"

"BER(7, 2), "DEPTNO" NUMBER(2, 0))  PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRAN"

"S 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST "

"GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "USERS" LOGGING NOCOMPRESS"

"CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "PK_EMP" ON "EMP" ("EMPNO" )  PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAX"

"TRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREEL"

"IST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "USERS" LOGGING"

"ALTER SESSION SET CURRENT_SCHEMA= "SCOTT""

"ALTER TABLE "EMP" ADD  CONSTRAINT "PK_EMP" PRIMARY KEY ("EMPNO") USING INDE"

"X PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MIN"

"EXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "US"

"ERS" LOGGING ENABLE "

"ALTER TABLE "EMP" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_DEPTNO" FOREIGN KEY ("DEPTNO") REFEREN"

"CES "DEPT" ("DEPTNO") ENABLE NOVALIDATE"

"ALTER TABLE "EMP" ENABLE CONSTRAINT "FK_DEPTNO""

Import terminated successfully without warnings.

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/oracle>

因为格式比较混乱，直接运行会报错，建荣的书中给了一段代码来格式化：

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/tmp>more /tmp/get_ddl.sql

 

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Tes

 

Export file created by EXPORT:V11.02.00 via conventional path

import done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

. importing SYS's objects into SYS

. importing SCOTT's objects into SCOTT

"ALTER SESSION SET CURRENT_SCHEMA= "SCOTT""

"CREATE TABLE "EMP" ("EMPNO" NUMBER(4, 0), "ENAME" VARCHAR2(10), "JOB" VARCH"

"AR2(9), "MGR" NUMBER(4, 0), "HIREDATE" DATE, "SAL" NUMBER(7, 2), "COMM" NUM"

"BER(7, 2), "DEPTNO" NUMBER(2, 0))  PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRAN"

"S 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST "

"GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "USERS" LOGGING NOCOMPRESS"

"CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "PK_EMP" ON "EMP" ("EMPNO" )  PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAX"

"TRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREEL"

"IST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "USERS" LOGGING"

"ALTER SESSION SET CURRENT_SCHEMA= "SCOTT""

"ALTER TABLE "EMP" ADD  CONSTRAINT "PK_EMP" PRIMARY KEY ("EMPNO") USING INDE"

"X PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MIN"

"EXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "US"

"ERS" LOGGING ENABLE "

"ALTER TABLE "EMP" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_DEPTNO" FOREIGN KEY ("DEPTNO") REFEREN"

"CES "DEPT" ("DEPTNO") ENABLE NOVALIDATE"

"ALTER TABLE "EMP" ENABLE CONSTRAINT "FK_DEPTNO""

Import terminated successfully without warnings.

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/tmp>more /tmp/gettabddl.sh

awk '

  / \"BEGIN /   { N=1; }

  / \"CREATE /   { N=1; }

  / \"CREATE INDEX/   { N=1; }

  / \"CREATE UNIQUE INDEX/  { N=1; }

  / \"ALTER /   { N=1; }

  / \" ALTER /   { N=1; }

  / \"ANALYZE /   { N=1; }

  / \"GRANT /    { N=1; }

  / \"COMMENT /   { N=1; }

  / \"AUDIT /     { N=1; }

  N==1 { printf "\n/\n"; N++ }

  /\"$/ {

    if (N==0) next;

    s=index( $0, "\"" );

    ln0=length( $0 )

    if ( s!=0 ) {

      lcnt++

      if ( lcnt >= 30 ) {

        ln=substr(       0,s+1,length(substr(      0,s+1))-1)

        t=index( ln, ")," )

        if ( t==0 ) { t=index( ln, ", " ) }

        if ( t==0 ) { t=index( ln, ") " ) }

        if ( t > 0 ) {

          printf "%s\n%s",substr( ln,1,t+1), substr(ln, t+2)

          lcnt=0

        }

        else {

          printf "%s", ln

          if ( ln0 < 78 ) { printf "\n" ; lcnt=0 }

        }

      }

      else {

        printf "%s",substr(       0,s+1,length(substr(      0,s+1))-1 )

        if ( ln0 < 78 ) { printf "\n" ; lcnt=0 }

      }

    }

  }

  END { printf "\n/\n"}

' * |sed '1,2d; /^       / d;

s/STORAGE *(INI/~    STORAGE (INI/g;

s/, "/,~    "/g;

s/ (\"/~   &/g;

s/PCT[FI]/~    &/g;

s/[( ]PARTITION /~&/g;

s/) TABLESPACE/)~    TABLESPACE/g;

s/   , / ,~/g;

s/ DATAFILE  /&~/' | tr "~" "\n"

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/tmp>

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/tmp>ksh /tmp/gettabddl.sh  /tmp/get_ddl.sql > /tmp/gen_tabddl.sql

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/tmp>more /tmp/gen_tabddl.sql

ALTER SESSION SET CURRENT_SCHEMA= "SCOTT"

/

CREATE TABLE "EMP"

    ("EMPNO" NUMBER(4, 0),

    "ENAME" VARCHAR2(10),

    "JOB" VARCHAR2(9),

    "MGR" NUMBER(4, 0),

    "HIREDATE" DATE,

    "SAL" NUMBER(7, 2),

    "COMM" NUMBER(7, 2),

    "DEPTNO" NUMBER(2, 0)) 

    PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255

    STORAGE (INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)

    TABLESPACE "USERS" LOGGING NOCOMPRESS

/

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "PK_EMP" ON "EMP"

    ("EMPNO" ) 

    PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255

    STORAGE (INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)

    TABLESPACE "USERS" LOGGING

/

ALTER SESSION SET CURRENT_SCHEMA= "SCOTT"

/

ALTER TABLE "EMP" ADD  CONSTRAINT "PK_EMP" PRIMARY KEY

    ("EMPNO") USING INDEX

    PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255

    STORAGE (INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)

    TABLESPACE "USERS" LOGGING ENABLE

/

ALTER TABLE "EMP" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_DEPTNO" FOREIGN KEY

    ("DEPTNO") REFERENCES "DEPT"

    ("DEPTNO") ENABLE NOVALIDATE

/

ALTER TABLE "EMP" ENABLE CONSTRAINT "FK_DEPTNO"

/

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/tmp>

这样运行起来就方便多了。

4.3.3  常见问题

1、 EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/tmp>oerr exp 91

00091, 00000, "Exporting questionable statistics."

// *Cause:  Export was able export statistics, but the statistics may not be

//          usuable. The statistics are questionable because one or more of

//          the following happened during export: a row error occurred, client

//          character set or NCHARSET does not match with the server, a query

//          clause was specified on export, only certain partitions or

//          subpartitions were exported, or a fatal error occurred while

//          processing a table.

// *Action: To export non-questionable statistics, change the client character

//          set or NCHARSET to match the server, export with no query clause,

//          export complete tables. If desired, import parameters can be

//          supplied so that only non-questionable statistics will be imported,

//          and all questionable statistics will be recalculated.

 

该问题因为客户端的NLS_LANG设置有问题致使的：

1）查询数据库的字符集

SQL> select userenv('language') from dual; 

USERENV('LANGUAGE') 
---------------------------------------------------- 
AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK 

2）设置Linux操做系统的NLS_LANG环境变量 
[oracle@RH207 exp]$export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

 

2、 IMP-00013: only a DBA can import a file exported by another DBA

导入用户的权限不够，咱们能够赋权：grant imp_full_database to user_xxx;便可。

若仍是报错，能够尝试：alter user user_xxx default role all;确保查询dba_role_privs中的DEFAULT_ROLE列的值为YES。

 

4.3.4  使用strace来跟踪exp

strace exp n1/n1 tables=scott.emp file=a.dmp

strace -c -p 25805

 

4.3.5  从生成的dmp文件能够获取到的信息

1、 获取基本信息：导出的版本、时间、导出的用户

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/tmp>strings exp_ddl_lhr_02.dmp | head -10

TEXPORT:V11.02.00  ====》版本号 

DSYS    ====》使用SYS用户导出

RTABLES ====》基于表模式导出，RUSERS表示基于用户模式,RENTIRE表示基于全库模式

4096

Tue Aug 2 16:8:8 2016/tmp/exp_ddl_lhr_02.dmp====》生成的时间和文件地址

#C#G

#C#G

+00:00

BYTE

UNUSED

 

2、 获取dmp文件中的表信息

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/tmp>strings  exp_ddl_lhr_02.dmp | grep "CREATE TABLE"|awk '{print $3}'|sed 's/"//g'

EMP ====》说明exp_ddl_lhr_02.dmp中只有一个emp表

 

3、 解析dmp文件生成parfile文件

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/tmp>strings  exp_ddl_lhr_03.dmp | grep "CREATE TABLE"|awk '{print 3}'|sed 's/"//g'|awk '{ if (FNR==1) print "tables="       1 ; else print ","$1 }'

tables=DEF$_AQCALL

,DEF$_AQERROR

,DEF$_CALLDEST

,DEF$_DEFAULTDEST

,DEF$_DESTINATION

,DEF$_ERROR

,DEF$_LOB

,DEF$_ORIGIN

,DEF$_PROPAGATOR

,DEF$_PUSHED_TRANSACTIONS

,MVIEW$_ADV_INDEX

[ZFZHLHRDB1:oracle]:/tmp>

其实这个可使用UE或editplus文本编辑器的列模式实现也很快。

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