Go Web：HttpRouter路由(一)

HttpRouter是一个轻量级但却很是高效的multiplexer。

手册：

https://godoc.org/github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter
https://github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter

安装httprouter

---

go get github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter

用法示例

---

代码以下：

♠main.go 文件

package main

import (
    "github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter"
    "net/http"
   //"log"
)

func RegisterHandlers() *httprouter.Router {
    //New()方法建立了实例，启动web服务
    router := httprouter.New()

    //注册handler
    router.GET("/", Index)
    router.GET("/hello/:name", Hello)

    //注册handler
    router.POST("/user", CreateUser)
    router.POST("/user/:user_name", Login)

    return router
}


func main() {
    registerHandler := RegisterHandlers()
    //log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router))
    http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router)
}

这种模式"/hello/:name"，它能够用来作命名匹配，相似于正则表达式的命名捕获分组。

♠Handlers.go 文件

定义httprouter中的handler，处理对应请求

package main

import (
    "github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter"
    "net/http"
    "io"
)

func Index(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
    fmt.Fprint(w, "Welcome!\n")
}

func Hello(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps httprouter.Params) {
    fmt.Fprintf(w, "hello, %s!\n", ps.ByName("name"))
}


func CreateUser(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, p httprouter.Params)  {
    io.WriteString(w, "create User Handler")
}

func Login(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, p httprouter.Params)  {
    userName := p.ByName("user_name")

    io.WriteString(w, userName)
}

测试

浏览器上输入路由便可

如：

http://localhost:8080/hello/xxxx

浏览器上输出：hello, xxxx!

httprouter用法说明

Variables
func CleanPath(p string) string
type Handle
type Param
type Params
    func ParamsFromContext(ctx context.Context) Params
    func (ps Params) ByName(name string) string
type Router
    func New() *Router
    func (r *Router) DELETE(path string, handle Handle)
    func (r *Router) GET(path string, handle Handle)
    func (r *Router) HEAD(path string, handle Handle)
    func (r *Router) Handle(method, path string, handle Handle)
    func (r *Router) Handler(method, path string, handler http.Handler)
    func (r *Router) HandlerFunc(method, path string, handler http.HandlerFunc)
    func (r *Router) Lookup(method, path string) (Handle, Params, bool)
    func (r *Router) OPTIONS(path string, handle Handle)
    func (r *Router) PATCH(path string, handle Handle)
    func (r *Router) POST(path string, handle Handle)
    func (r *Router) PUT(path string, handle Handle)
    func (r *Router) ServeFiles(path string, root http.FileSystem)
    func (r *Router) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request)
type Handle

httprouter中的Handle相似于http.HandlerFunc，只不过它支持第三个参数Params。

type Handle func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request, Params)
    Handle is a function that can be registered to a route to handle HTTP
    requests. Like http.HandlerFunc, but has a third parameter for the values of
    wildcards (variables).

例如前面示例中的Index()和Hello()都是Handle类型的实例。

func Index(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
    fmt.Fprint(w, "Welcome!\n")
}

func Hello(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps httprouter.Params) {
    fmt.Fprintf(w, "hello, %s!\n", ps.ByName("name"))
}

注册handler httprouter.Router类型相似于http包中的ServeMux，它实现了http.Handler接口，因此它是一个http.Handler。它能够将请求分配给注册好的handler。

type Router struct {}
func (r *Router) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request)

除此以外，Router提供了很多方法，用来指示如何为路径注册handler。

func (r *Router) Handle(method, path string, handle Handle)
func (r *Router) Handler(method, path string, handler http.Handler)
func (r *Router) HandlerFunc(method, path string, handler http.HandlerFunc)

httprouter.Handle()用于为路径注册指定的Handle，而httprouter.Handle对应于http.HandlerFunc，因此是直接将Handle类型的函数绑定到指定路径上。同时，它还能够指定http方法：GET, POST, HEAD, PUT, PATCH, DELETE, OPTIONS。