Question:
Suppose a sorted array is rotated at some pivot unknown to you beforehand.
(i.e., 0 1 2 4 5 6 7 might become 4 5 6 7 0 1 2).
Find the minimum element.
You may assume no duplicate exists in the array.java
难度: medium算法
就是说一个从小到大排序好的数组循环移位不知多少次,求最小值。数组无重复值!
无重复的话就比较简单,用二分查找便可。算法时间复杂度为O(log n)。
基本想法就是定义三个游标:左游标,右游标,当前游标。当前游标始终是左右游标中点位置,与左右游标的数值比较。数组
解法有几个要点:dom
基本终止条件为:左边的数比当前的数大,那么当前数便是最小值。测试
额外终止条件:当左右游标重合,或者左右游标相邻。code
须要考虑边界条件。排序
移动条件1:若是当前游标的数值比左游标数值小,则游标左移。element
移动条件2:若是当前游标的数值比右游标数值大,则游标右移。io
默认移动:游标左移。class
我写的算法代码和测试代码以下:
import java.util.Random; import java.util.Set; import java.util.TreeSet; public class ShiftFinder { public static int findMin(int[] array) { if (array.length == 0) { return 0; } if (array.length == 1) { return array[0]; } int len = array.length; int l = 0; int r = len - 1; int cur = (l + r) / 2; while (true) { if (array[cur] < array[index(cur - 1, len)]) { break; } if (l == r) { cur = l; break; } if (r == (l + 1)) { if (array[l] < array[r]) { cur = l; } else { cur = r; } break; } if (array[cur] < array[l]) { r = cur; cur = (l + r) / 2; continue; } if (array[cur] > array[r]) { l = cur; cur = (l + r) / 2; continue; } r = cur; cur = (l + r) / 2; } return array[cur]; } public static int index(int cur, int length) { return (cur % length + length) % length; } public static void main(String[] args) { int[] a = { 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 19, 22, 1, 2, 4, 5 }; int[] b = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 }; int[] c = { 11, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8 }; int[] d = { 1 }; int[] e = { 1, 2 }; int[] f = { 2, 1 }; int[] g = { 3, 1, 2 }; // System.out.println(ShiftFinder.index(0, 10)); // System.out.println(ShiftFinder.index(2, 10)); // System.out.println(ShiftFinder.index(-2, 10)); // System.out.println(ShiftFinder.index(13, 10)); // System.out.println(ShiftFinder.index(-13, 10)); // System.out.println(ShiftFinder.index(1, 1)); System.out.println(ShiftFinder.findMin(a)); System.out.println(ShiftFinder.findMin(b)); System.out.println(ShiftFinder.findMin(c)); System.out.println(ShiftFinder.findMin(d)); System.out.println(ShiftFinder.findMin(e)); System.out.println(ShiftFinder.findMin(f)); System.out.println(ShiftFinder.findMin(g)); // gen random shift array int attemptSize = 100; int randomRange = 999; Random rdm = new Random(); Set<Integer> ts = new TreeSet<Integer>(); for (int i = 0; i < attemptSize; i++) { ts.add(rdm.nextInt(randomRange)); } int shift = rdm.nextInt(ts.size()); System.out.println("size: " + ts.size() + "; shift: " + shift); Integer[] iay = new Integer[ts.size()]; ts.toArray(iay); int[] aa = new int[ts.size()]; for (int i = 0; i < ts.size(); i++) { aa[ShiftFinder.index(i + shift, aa.length)] = iay[i]; } for (int i = 0; i < aa.length; i++) { System.out.print(aa[i] + " "); } System.out.println(); System.out.println("random minimum find: " + ShiftFinder.findMin(aa)); } }