一文搞懂GitLab安装部署及服务配置

GitLab安装部署

Git，GitHub，GitLab，这三个东东长得好像呀，都是个啥？

Git是Linus Torvalds(若是不知道这位大神是谁，请出门左转，慢走不送~)为了帮助管理Linux内核而开发的一个开放源代码的版本控制软件。

GitHub，又名全球最大同行交友软件(O(∩_∩)O哈哈~)，是一个面向开源及私有项目的托管平台，由于仅仅支持Git做为惟一的版本库格式，故名GitHub。

GitLab是由GitLabInc.开发的，是基于MIT许可证的Git仓库管理工具，具备Wiki和Issue跟踪功能，目前有企业版和社区版两个分支，对于我的来讲，社区版应该是彻底够用的。

其实，简单来讲，能够把GitLab看作是个我的版的GitHub，也就是说，能够在本身服务器上部署一套GitLab服务，该服务能够提供代码仓库托管等功能，用法与GibHub基本一致。

GitLab安装

# 安装并配置必要的依赖
[root@cos ~]# yum install -y curl policycoreutils-python openssh-server
[root@cos ~]# systemctl enable sshd
[root@cos ~]# systemctl start sshd
# CentOS7系统中，在防火墙打开场景下，打开HTTP, HTTPS和SSH访问
[root@cos ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
[root@cos ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https
[root@cos ~]# systemctl reload firewalld

# 安装Postfix，用来发送通知邮件
[root@cos ~]# yum install postfix
[root@cos ~]# systemctl enable postfix
[root@cos ~]# systemctl start postfix

注意：为了不下载失败致使GitLab安装失败，能够配置清华镜像，镜像配置操做以下

# GitLab Community Edition镜像使用帮助
# https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/gitlab-ce/
# 1. 新建/etc/yum.repos.d/gitlab-ce.repo, 内容以下
[gitlab-ce]
name=Gitlab CE Repository
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/gitlab-ce/yum/el$releasever/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

使用yum安装GitLab社区版

# yum安装GitLab社区版
[root@cos ~]# yum makecache
[root@cos ~]# yum install gitlab-ce
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
 * epel: hkg.mirror.rackspace.com
 * extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
 * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package gitlab-ce.x86_64 0:12.9.1-ce.0.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=========================================================================================
 Package        Arch        Version            Repository        Size
=========================================================================================
Installing:
 gitlab-ce      x86_64      12.9.1-ce.0.el7    gitlab-ce         721 M

Transaction Summary
=========================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 721 M
Installed size: 721 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
gitlab-ce-12.9.1-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                    | 721 MB  00:01:49     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : gitlab-ce-12.9.1-ce.0.el7.x86_64                                                            1/1 
It looks like GitLab has not been configured yet; skipping the upgrade script.

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    .******             *******
    ********            ********
   ,,,,,,,,,***********,,,,,,,,,
  ,,,,,,,,,,,*********,,,,,,,,,,,
  .,,,,,,,,,,,*******,,,,,,,,,,,,
      ,,,,,,,,,*****,,,,,,,,,.
         ,,,,,,,****,,,,,,
            .,,,***,,,,
                ,*,.
  


     _______ __  __          __
    / ____(_) /_/ /   ____ _/ /_
   / / __/ / __/ /   / __ `/ __ \
  / /_/ / / /_/ /___/ /_/ / /_/ /
  \____/_/\__/_____/\__,_/_.___/
  

Thank you for installing GitLab!

GitLab was unable to detect a valid hostname for your instance.
Please configure a URL for your GitLab instance by setting `external_url`
configuration in /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb file.
Then, you can start your GitLab instance by running the following command:
  sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure
For a comprehensive list of configuration options please see the Omnibus GitLab readme
https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/omnibus-gitlab/blob/master/README.md
GitLab now ships with a newer version of PostgreSQL (11.7), but it is not yet
enabled by default. To upgrade, please see:
https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/database.html#upgrade-packaged-postgresql-server

Verifying  : gitlab-ce-12.9.1-ce.0.el7.x86_64                                                            1/1 

Installed:
  gitlab-ce.x86_64 0:12.9.1-ce.0.el7                                                                           

Complete!

安装完成后，重点关注下面提示信息：

GitLab was unable to detect a valid hostname for your instance.
GitLab没法为你的GitLab检测到有效的主机名。

Please configure a URL for your GitLab instance by setting `external_url`
configuration in /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb file.
请经过配置`external_url`为你的GitLab实例配置一个URL，该配置项在/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb文件中。

Then, you can start your GitLab instance by running the following command:
  sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure
而后，经过运行sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure启动你的GitLab实例

注意：配置完成后，须要使用sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure命令从新配置并启动GitLab实例才行。

在GitLab安装完成后，首次登陆时，须要配置GitLab管理员密码，以下图所示。

注意：管理员帐号为root，管理员密码很是重要，是维护GitLab服务的重要帐户，尽可能不要搞忘了。

GitLab配置及内存优化

根据上面的安装步骤安装完成后后，启动GitLab实例后，你可能会想，这下能够愉快的与GitLab玩耍了吧、

砰，一大盆凉水浇过来、

GitLab是很是吃内存和服务器性能的，为了在本身主机或者虚拟机上正常启动和访问，须要进行下面配置和调优。

先看下官方给出的推荐CPU，内存配置：

GitLab推荐至少2核CPU，只有1核的话，可能会致使GitLab服务卡死，没法正常对外服务。

由上可知，内存配置主要影响GitLab服务的并发用户数量，对于本身使用来讲，感受2GB彻底够用了。

GitLab配置文件路径：/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb。下面对GitLab关键配置进行修改：

## GitLab URL
##! URL on which GitLab will be reachable.
##! 用户访问GitLab的URL地址
external_url 'http://cos'

###! Minimum worker_processes is 2 at this moment
###! GitLab默认开启进程数为CPU核数+1，能够提升服务器的相应时间，太吃内存
###! GitLab的最小工做进程，该参数最小值为2，设为1可能致使服务器卡死
unicorn['worker_processes'] = 2

### **Only change these settings if you understand well what they mean**
###! 工程进程的内存限制，默认最小为400MB，最大为650MB
unicorn['worker_memory_limit_min'] = "200 * 1 << 20"
unicorn['worker_memory_limit_max'] = "300 * 1 << 20"

# sidekiq并发数默认值为25
sidekiq['concurrency'] = 5

###! Changing any of these settings requires a restart of postgresql.
###! By default, reconfigure reloads postgresql if it is running. If you
###! change any of these settings, be sure to run `gitlab-ctl restart postgresql`
###! after reconfigure in order for the changes to take effect.
##! **recommend value is 1/4 of total RAM, up to 14GB.**
##! 数据库缓存，默认值为256MB
##！推荐值为1/4的RAM大小，按推荐值确定崩了
postgresql['shared_buffers'] = "128MB"
##! 数据库并发数
postgresql['max_worker_processes'] = 4

GitLab启动

GitLab安装配置完成后，咱们能够经过gitlab-ctl start命令启动，gitlab-ctl stop命令中止GitLab服务。

# 查看GitLab服务状态
[root@cos ~]# gitlab-ctl status
run: gitaly: (pid 2202) 830s; run: log: (pid 2201) 830s
run: gitlab-workhorse: (pid 2212) 830s; run: log: (pid 2211) 830s
run: logrotate: (pid 2217) 830s; run: log: (pid 2214) 830s
run: nginx: (pid 2198) 830s; run: log: (pid 2197) 830s
run: postgresql: (pid 2204) 830s; run: log: (pid 2203) 830s
run: redis: (pid 2213) 830s; run: log: (pid 2210) 830s
run: sidekiq: (pid 2195) 830s; run: log: (pid 2193) 830s
run: unicorn: (pid 2196) 830s; run: log: (pid 2194) 830s

GitLab服务启动后，咱们能够经过Web页面访问GitLab服务。

接下来，会专门再写一篇博客讲述如何在Windows上经过Git客户端像访问GitHub同样访问GitLab，敬请期待~