采集rtsp流摄像头到浏览器实时播放方案

转载自：严健康的我的博客 http://www.yanjiankang.cn/

本文连接地址: http://www.yanjiankang.cn/rtsp_camera_to_web_browser/

---

最近在作一个流媒体的项目，项目中须要采集摄像头的视频流到网页界面实时播放，通常ip摄像头的流格式都是rtsp的，虽然能够经过vlc实时播放，可是不如浏览器观看给用户的体验简单。

根据查找的资料和实际的实践，目前发现的切实可行的方案有如下几种（由于项目是采用java开发，所以下面的代码也主要使用java实现）：

1. 使用xuggle库直接解码rtsp流，将解码的一帧帧图片发送给浏览器，使用html5的video播放mjpeg格式，即图片的不断刷新；

2. 使用xuggle库直接解码rtsp流，解码结果直接发送给rtmp服务器，而后浏览器使用flash直接播放rtmp的视频流；

3. ffmpeg直接解码rtsp流，将解码结果使用http发送到nodejs服务器，nodejs服务器使用websocket发送给客户端，客户端使用canvas实时绘制图像；

下面详细介绍这几种方案。

FFmpeg和Xuggle的简介

FFmpeg是一个自由软件，能够运行音频和视频多种格式的录影、转换、流功能，包含了libavcodec——这是一个用于多个项目中音频和视频的解码器库，以及libavformat——一个音频与视频格式转换库。
FFmpeg的安装请参考：ubuntu上安装ffmpeg

xuggle官网是一个开源的资源库，可以让开发者更好的去对视频和音频文件进行解码、编码、以及录制等功能。xuggle是对ffmepg的封装，是一套基于ffmpeg的开发库。 使用很是方便。 在java中使用时，请在eclipse中导入其jar包。 xuggle-5.4-jar包下载

方案一的具体实现

xuggle读取rtsp摄像头的代码以下：
import包以下：

1 2 3 4 5

import com . xuggle . mediatool . IMediaReader ; import com . xuggle . mediatool . MediaListenerAdapter ; import com . xuggle . mediatool . ToolFactory ; import com . xuggle . mediatool . event . IVideoPictureEvent ;

其中：streamLocation是须要读取的rtsp地址

1 2 3 4 5 6

mediaReader = ToolFactory . makeReader ( streamLocation ) ; mediaReader . setBufferedImageTypeToGenerate ( BufferedImage . TYPE_3BYTE _BGR） ; mediaReader . addListener ( this ) ; while ( mediaReader . readPacket ( ) == null && running ) ; mediaReader . close ( ) ;

上面这段代码实现了rtsp的持续读取，那么读取到的数据怎么获取，很简单，实现如下的帧回调函数onVideoPicture便可。

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

/** * Gets called when FFMPEG transcoded a frame */ public void onVideoPicture ( IVideoPictureEvent event ) {      BufferedImage frame = event . getImage ( ) ;      //stream是用户自定义的rtsp视频流的id，例如;streamId = this.hashcode()便可      images . put ( streamId , frame ) ;      frameNr ++ ; }

以上的images是使用guava库的Cache创建的代码以下：

1 2 3 4 5

import com . google . common . cache . Cache ; import com . google . common . cache . CacheBuilder ;   private static Cache < String , BufferedImage > images = null ;

使用html5 video标签+javax.ws.rs实现的网页显示代码以下：

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254

import java . awt . image . BufferedImage ; import java . io . ByteArrayOutputStream ; import java . io . IOException ; import java . io . OutputStream ; import java . util . HashSet ; import java . util . Set ;   import javax . imageio . ImageIO ; import javax . ws . rs . DefaultValue ; import javax . ws . rs . GET ; import javax . ws . rs . Path ; import javax . ws . rs . PathParam ; import javax . ws . rs . Produces ; import javax . ws . rs . QueryParam ; import javax . ws . rs . WebApplicationException ; import javax . ws . rs . core . Application ; import javax . ws . rs . core . Response ; import javax . ws . rs . core . StreamingOutput ;   import org . slf4j . Logger ; import org . slf4j . LoggerFactory ;   import com . google . common . cache . Cache ; import com . sun . jersey . api . container . httpserver . HttpServerFactory ; import com . sun . jersey . api . core . ApplicationAdapter ; import com . sun . net . httpserver . HttpServer ;   /** * A simple webservice used to view results MJPEG streams. * The webservice supports a number of calls different calls: * <ol> * <li>http://IP:PORT/streaming/streams : lists the available JPG and MJPEG urls * </li> * <li>http://IP:PORT/streaming/picture/{streamid}.jpg : url to grab jpg * pictures</li> * <li>http://IP:PORT/streaming/tiles : provides a visual overview of all the * streams available at this service. Clicking an image will open the mjpeg * stream</li> * <li>http://IP:PORT/streaming/mjpeg/{streamid}.mjpeg : provides a possibly * never ending mjpeg formatted stream</li> * </ol> * * The service runs on port 8558 by default but this can be changed by using the * port(int) method. * * @author Corne Versloot * */   @ Path ( "/streaming" ) public class MjpegStreamingOp extends Application {        private static Cache < String , BufferedImage > images = null ;      private Logger logger = LoggerFactory . getLogger ( getClass ( ) ) ;      private HttpServer server ;      private int port = 8558 ;      private int frameRate = 20 ;    // this parameter decide the sleep time        public MjpegStreamingOp port ( int nr ) {          this . port = nr ;          return this ;      }        public MjpegStreamingOp framerate ( int nr ) {          this . frameRate = nr ;          return this ;      }        public void prepare ( ) throws IllegalArgumentException , IOException {          //此处须要修改成从rtsp读进来的images存放的类          images = TCPClient . getImages ( ) ;          ApplicationAdapter connector = new ApplicationAdapter (                  new MjpegStreamingOp ( ) ) ;          server = HttpServerFactory . create ( "http://localhost:" + port + "/" ,                  connector ) ;          server . start ( ) ;      }        /**      * Sets the classes to be used as resources for this application      */      public Set < Class <? >> getClasses ( ) {          Set < Class <? > > s = new HashSet < Class < ? >> ( ) ;          s . add ( MjpegStreamingOp . class ) ;          return s ;      }        public void deactivate ( ) {          server . stop ( 0 ) ;          images . invalidateAll ( ) ;          images . cleanUp ( ) ;      }        @ GET      @ Path ( "/streams" )      @ Produces ( "text/plain" )      public String getStreamIds ( ) throws IOException {          String result = new String ( ) ;          for ( String id : images . asMap ( ) . keySet ( ) ) {              result += "/streaming/picture/" + id + ".jpeg\r\n" ;          }          System . out . println ( "\r\n" ) ;          for ( String id : images . asMap ( ) . keySet ( ) ) {              result += "/streaming/mjpeg/" + id + ".mjpeg\r\n" ;          }          return result ;      }        @ GET      @ Path ( "/picture/{streamid}.jpeg" )      @ Produces ( "image/jpg" )      public Response jpeg ( @ PathParam ( "streamid" ) final String streamId ) {          BufferedImage image = null ;          if ( ( image = images . getIfPresent ( streamId ) ) != null ) {              ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream ( ) ;              try {                  ImageIO . write ( image , "jpg" , baos ) ;                  byte [ ] imageData = baos . toByteArray ( ) ;                  return Response . ok ( imageData ) . build ( ) ; // non streaming                  // return Response.ok(new                  // ByteArrayInputStream(imageDAta)).build(); // streaming              } catch ( IOException ioe ) {                  logger . warn ( "Unable to write image to output" , ioe ) ;                  return Response . serverError ( ) . build ( ) ;              }          } else {              return Response . noContent ( ) . build ( ) ;          }      }        @ GET      @ Path ( "/playmultiple" )      @ Produces ( "text/html" )      public String showPlayers ( @ DefaultValue ( "3" ) @ QueryParam ( "cols" ) int cols ,              @ DefaultValue ( "0" ) @ QueryParam ( "offset" ) int offset ,              @ DefaultValue ( "6" ) @ QueryParam ( "number" ) int number )              throws IOException {          // number = Math.min(6, number);          String result = "<html><head><title>Mjpeg stream players                         </title></head><body bgcolor=\"#3C3C3C\">" ;          result += "<font style=\"color:#CCC;\">Streams: " + images . size ( )                  + " (showing " + offset + " - "                  + Math . min ( images . size ( ) , offset + number ) + ")</font><br/>" ;          result += "<table style=\"border-spacing:0;                    border-collapse: collapse;\"><tr>" ;          int videoNr = 0 ;          for ( String id : images . asMap ( ) . keySet ( ) ) {              if ( videoNr < offset ) {                  videoNr ++ ;                  continue ;              }              if ( videoNr - offset > 0 && ( videoNr - offset ) % cols == 0 ) {                  result += "</tr><tr>" ;              }              result += "<td><video poster=\"mjpeg/"                      + id                      + ".mjpeg\">"                      + "Your browser does not support the video tag.</video></td>" ;              // result +=              // "<td><img src=\"http://"+InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostAddress()                              + ":" + port + "/streaming/mjpeg/" + id + ".mjpeg\"></td>" ;              if ( videoNr > offset + number )                  break ;              videoNr ++ ;          }          result += "</tr></table></body></html>" ;          return result ;      }        @ GET      @ Path ( "/play" )      @ Produces ( "text/html" )      public String showPlayers ( @ QueryParam ( "streamid" ) String streamId )              throws IOException {          String result = "<html><head><title>Mjpeg stream: " + streamId                  + "</title></head><body bgcolor=\"#3C3C3C\">" ;          result += "<font style=\"color:#CCC;\"><a href=\"tiles\">Back</a></font><br/>" ;          result += "<table style=\"border-spacing:0; border-collapse: collapse;\"><tr>" ;          result += "<video poster=\"mjpeg/" + streamId + ".mjpeg\">"                  + "Your browser does not support the video tag.</video>" ;          return result ;      }        @ GET      @ Path ( "/tiles" )      @ Produces ( "text/html" )      public String showTiles ( @ DefaultValue ( "3" ) @ QueryParam ( "cols" ) int cols ,              @ DefaultValue ( "-1" ) @ QueryParam ( "width" ) float width )              throws IOException {          String result = "<html><head><title>Mjpeg stream players</title>" ;          result += "</head><body bgcolor=\"#3C3C3C\">" ;            result += "<table style=\"border-spacing:0; border-collapse: collapse;\"><tr>" ;          int videoNr = 0 ;          for ( String id : images . asMap ( ) . keySet ( ) ) {              if ( videoNr > 0 && videoNr % cols == 0 ) {                  result += "</tr><tr>" ;              }              result += "<td><a href=\"play?streamid=" + id                      + "\"><img src=\"picture/" + id + ".jpeg\" "                      + ( width > 0 ? "width=\"" + width + "\"" : "" ) + "/></a>" ;              videoNr ++ ;          }          result += "</tr></table></body></html>" ;          return result ;      }        @ GET      @ Path ( "/mjpeg/{streamid}.mjpeg" )      @ Produces ( "multipart/x-mixed-replace; boundary=--BoundaryString\r\n" )      public Response mjpeg ( @ PathParam ( "streamid" ) final String streamId ) {          StreamingOutput output = new StreamingOutput ( ) {              private BufferedImage prevImage = null ;              private int sleep = 1000 / frameRate ;                @ Override              public void write ( OutputStream outputStream ) throws IOException ,                      WebApplicationException {                  BufferedImage image = null ;                  try {                      while ( ( image = images . getIfPresent ( streamId ) ) != null )                          if ( prevImage == null || ! image . equals ( prevImage ) ) {                              ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream ( ) ;                              ImageIO . write ( image , "jpg" , baos ) ;                              byte [ ] imageData = baos . toByteArray ( ) ;                              outputStream                                      . write ( ( "--BoundaryString\r\n"                                              + "Content-type: image/jpeg\r\n"                                              + "Content-Length: "                                              + imageData . length + "\r\n\r\n" )                                              . getBytes ( ) ) ;                              outputStream . write ( imageData ) ;                              outputStream . write ( "\r\n\r\n" . getBytes ( ) ) ;                              outputStream . flush ( ) ;                          }                          Thread . sleep ( sleep ) ;                      }                      outputStream . flush ( ) ;                      outputStream . close ( ) ;                  } catch ( IOException ioe ) {                      logger . info ( "Steam for [" + streamId                              + "] closed by client!" ) ;                  } catch ( InterruptedException e ) {                      e . printStackTrace ( ) ;                  }              }          } ;          return Response . ok ( output ) . header ( "Connection" , "close" )                  . header ( "Max-Age" , "0" ) . header ( "Expires" , "0" )                  . header ( "Cache-Control" , "no-cache, private" )                  . header ( "Pragma" , "no-cache" ) . build ( ) ;      } }

以上代码参考自github上stormcv项目，项目地址为：https://github.com/sensorstorm/StormCV, 感谢原做者。

至此，打开网页 http://localhost:8558/streaming/tiles 便可查看到实时视频。

方案二的具体实现

xuggle库转rtsp为rtmp

rtsp的reader：

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121

import org . slf4j . Logger ; import org . slf4j . LoggerFactory ; import com . xuggle . mediatool . IMediaReader ; import com . xuggle . mediatool . MediaListenerAdapter ; import com . xuggle . mediatool . ToolFactory ; import com . xuggle . mediatool . event . IVideoPictureEvent ; import com . xuggle . xuggler . ICodec ; import com . xuggle . xuggler . IContainer ; import com . xuggle . xuggler . IVideoPicture ;   /** * This class reads a video stream or file, decodes frames and transcode to rtmp stream * @author jkyan */ public class RTSPReader extends MediaListenerAdapter implements Runnable {      private Logger logger = LoggerFactory . getLogger ( RTSPReader . class ) ;      private IMediaReader mediaReader ;      private int frameSkip ;      private int groupSize ;      private long frameNr ; // number of the frame read so far      private boolean running = false ;      // used to determine if the EOF was reached if Xuggler does not detect it      private long lastRead = - 1 ;      private int sleepTime = 0 ;        private String streamName ;      private String streamLocation = null ;      private RTMPWriter rtmpWriter = null ;      Double frameRate = 0.0 ;        // frameskip和groupsize决定了须要读取的帧的数目，即采样率，      // 例如，1,1时表明每一帧都须要读取，10,5时表明只须要[0 1 2 3 4] [10 11 12 13 14] ...      public RTSPReader ( String streamName , String streamLocation ,          int frameSkip , int groupSize , int sleepTime ) {          this . streamLocation = streamLocation ;          this . frameSkip = Math . max ( 1 , frameSkip ) ;          this . groupSize = Math . max ( 1 , groupSize ) ;          this . sleepTime = sleepTime ;          this . streamName = streamName ;          lastRead = System . currentTimeMillis ( ) + 10000 ;      }        /**      * Start reading the provided URL      */      public void run ( ) {          running = true ;          while ( running ) {              try {                  // if a url was provided read it                  if ( streamLocation != null ) {                      logger . info ( "Start reading stream: " + streamLocation ) ;                      mediaReader = ToolFactory . makeReader ( streamLocation ) ;                      lastRead = System . currentTimeMillis ( ) + 10000 ;                      frameNr = 0 ;                      rtmpWriter = new RTMPWriter ( 576 , 704 , 30.0 , streamName ) ;                      mediaReader . addListener ( this ) ;                      while ( mediaReader . readPacket ( ) == null && running ) ;                      // reset internal state                      rtmpWriter . setFinish ( ) ;                      mediaReader . close ( ) ;                  } else {                      logger . error ( "No stream provided, nothing to read" ) ;                      break ;                  }              } catch ( Exception e ) {                  logger . warn ( "Stream closed unexpectatly: " + e . getMessage ( ) , e ) ;                  // sleep a minute and try to read the stream again                  sleep ( 60 * 1000 ) ;              }          }          running = false ;      }        public void sleep ( int ms ) {          try {              Thread . sleep ( ms ) ;          } catch ( InterruptedException e ) {              e . printStackTrace ( ) ;          }      }        /**      * Gets called when FFMPEG transcoded a frame      */      public void onVideoPicture ( IVideoPictureEvent event ) {          lastRead = System . currentTimeMillis ( ) ;          if ( frameNr % frameSkip < groupSize ) {              IVideoPicture picture = event . getPicture ( ) ;              rtmpWriter . write ( frameNr , picture ) ;              // enforced throttling              if ( sleepTime > 0 )                  sleep ( sleepTime ) ;          }          frameNr ++ ;      }        /**      * Tells the StreamReader to stop reading frames      */      public void stop ( ) {          running = false ;      }        /**      * Returns whether the StreamReader is still active or not      * @return      */      public boolean isRunning ( ) {          // kill this thread if the last frame read is to long ago          // (means Xuggler missed the EoF) and clear resources          if ( lastRead > 0 && System . currentTimeMillis ( ) - lastRead > 3000 ) {              running = false ;              if ( mediaReader != null && mediaReader . getContainer ( ) != null )                  mediaReader . getContainer ( ) . close ( ) ;              return this . running ;          }          return true ;      } }

rtmp服务器的搭建方法请参考这里。

rtmp的writer：

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75