什么是堆栈和堆？ - What and where are the stack and heap?

问题：

Programming language books explain that value types are created on the stack , and reference types are created on the heap , without explaining what these two things are. 编程语言书籍解释了值类型是在堆栈上建立的，而引用类型是在堆上建立的，而没有说明这两个是什么。 I haven't read a clear explanation of this. 我尚未阅读清楚的解释。 I understand what a stack is. 我了解堆栈是什么。 But, 但，

• Where and what are they (physically in a real computer's memory)? 它们在哪里和在哪里（物理上在真实计算机的内存中）？
• To what extent are they controlled by the OS or language run-time? 它们在多大程度上受操做系统或语言运行时的控制？
• What is their scope? 他们的范围是什么？
• What determines the size of each of them? 什么决定了它们的大小？
• What makes one faster? 是什么使速度更快？

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解决方案：

参考一： https://stackoom.com/question/Kn5/什么是堆栈和堆
参考二： https://oldbug.net/q/Kn5/What-and-where-are-the-stack-and-heap