【CV系列】基于PCA的人脸识别系统设计及实现

Date: 2019-4-17

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前言

    人脸识别作为图像处理和机器视觉的经典应用，已经广泛应用于实际生活中了。本文重点讲述采用PCA降维提取特征向量的方法进行人脸识别，在ORL Database of Faces中进行训练和识别，并进行了Matlab仿真和可视化。

1、参考

http://www.javashuo.com/article/p-odxzsxtx-ns.html
https://www.cnblogs.com/zmshy2128/p/6180756.html
The ORL Database of Faces：https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/dtg/attarchive/facedatabase.html

2、Matlab实现部分

本文只提供了系统界面实现部分，PCA训练和识别的核心函数有需要的可以通过左侧公告栏中QQ图标联系我。

function varargout = FaceRecognitionDemo(varargin)
% FACERECOGNITIONDEMO M-file for FaceRecognitionDemo.fig
%      FACERECOGNITIONDEMO, by itself, creates a new FACERECOGNITIONDEMO or raises the existing
%      singleton*.
%
%      H = FACERECOGNITIONDEMO returns the handle to a new FACERECOGNITIONDEMO or the handle to
%      the existing singleton*.
%
%      FACERECOGNITIONDEMO('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local
%      function named CALLBACK in FACERECOGNITIONDEMO.M with the given input arguments.
%
%      FACERECOGNITIONDEMO('Property','Value',...) creates a new FACERECOGNITIONDEMO or raises the
%      existing singleton*.  Starting from the left, property value pairs are
%      applied to the GUI before FaceRecognitionDemo_OpeningFcn gets called.  An
%      unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application
%      stop.  All inputs are passed to FaceRecognitionDemo_OpeningFcn via varargin.
%
%      *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu.  Choose "GUI allows only one
%      instance to run (singleton)".
%
% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES

% Edit the above text to modify the response to help FaceRecognitionDemo

% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 17-Apr-2019 23:52:52

% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name',       mfilename, ...
                   'gui_Singleton',  gui_Singleton, ...
                   'gui_OpeningFcn', @FaceRecognitionDemo_OpeningFcn, ...
                   'gui_OutputFcn',  @FaceRecognitionDemo_OutputFcn, ...
                   'gui_LayoutFcn',  [] , ...
                   'gui_Callback',   []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
    gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end

if nargout
    [varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
    gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT


% --- Executes just before FaceRecognitionDemo is made visible.
function FaceRecognitionDemo_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject    handle to figure
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin   command line arguments to FaceRecognitionDemo (see VARARGIN)

% Choose default command line output for FaceRecognitionDemo
handles.output = hObject;

% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);

% UIWAIT makes FaceRecognitionDemo wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);


% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = FaceRecognitionDemo_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) 
% varargout  cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject    handle to figure
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;


% --- Executes on button press in selectPCA.
function selectPCA_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to selectPCA (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
set(handles.selectPCA,'value',1);
% Hint: get(hObject,'Value') returns toggle state of selectPCA


% --- Executes on button press in clickBeginSim.
function clickBeginSim_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to clickBeginSim (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
if get(handles.selectPCA,'value')
    gMetholdSelect=1;
end


if get(handles.selectSinglaImageRec,'value')
    gOneImgOrRate=1;
end
if get(handles.selectRecogRate,'value')
    gOneImgOrRate=2;
end

gTrainNum = str2double(get(handles.inputTrainNum,'string'));
if gTrainNum<=0 || gTrainNum>10
    disp('error!');
end
%% face detect
if gOneImgOrRate == 1%检测单幅图片
    %
    if gMetholdSelect==1%
        pic = double(handles.pic);
        testImgData=reshape(pic,size(pic,1)*size(pic,2),1);
        trainPcaData = handles.trainPcaData;
        ImageIndex = recognizeSingleImgPCA(trainPcaData,testImgData);
        RealIndex = ceil(ImageIndex/gTrainNum);
    end
    
    path = strcat('att_faces\s',num2str(RealIndex));
    matchImg=imread(strcat(path,'\',num2str(2),'.pgm'));
    axes(handles.axes2);
    imshow(matchImg);
    title('从人脸库中匹配出的人脸图像');
end

if gOneImgOrRate == 2%计算识别概率
    if gMetholdSelect == 1
        processPCARecognizeRate(handles);
    end
end
% --- Executes on button press in selectRecogRate.
function selectRecogRate_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to selectRecogRate (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
set(handles.selectSinglaImageRec,'value',0);
set(handles.selectRecogRate,'value',1);
set(handles.inputTrainNum,'Enable','off');
set(handles.buttonTrainSamples,'Enable','off');
set(handles.buttonSelectImg,'Enable','off');
% Hint: get(hObject,'Value') returns toggle state of selectRecogRate


% --- Executes on button press in selectSinglaImageRec.
function selectSinglaImageRec_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to selectSinglaImageRec (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
set(handles.selectSinglaImageRec,'value',1);
set(handles.selectRecogRate,'value',0);

set(handles.inputTrainNum,'Enable','on');
set(handles.buttonTrainSamples,'Enable','on');
set(handles.buttonSelectImg,'Enable','on');
% Hint: get(hObject,'Value') returns toggle state of selectSinglaImageRec



function inputTrainNum_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to inputTrainNum (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of inputTrainNum as text
%        str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of inputTrainNum as a double


% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function inputTrainNum_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to inputTrainNum (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called

% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
%       See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
    set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end


% --- Executes on button press in buttonSelectImg.
function buttonSelectImg_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to buttonSelectImg (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
%打开文件对话框
[filename,pathname]=uigetfile({  '*.*','All Files(*.*)';}, '选择文件');
if isequal([filename,pathname],[0,0])
    return
else
    %读取图片
    picPath = fullfile(pathname,filename);
    pic = imread(picPath);
    handles.pic = pic;
end
axes(handles.axes1);
imshow(handles.pic);
title('待识别的人脸图像');
% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);


% --- Executes on button press in buttonTrainSamples.
function buttonTrainSamples_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to buttonTrainSamples (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
%%
if get(handles.selectPCA,'value')
    gMetholdSelect=1;
end


gTrainNum = str2double(get(handles.inputTrainNum,'string'));
if gTrainNum<=0 || gTrainNum>10
    disp('error!');
end

%% load data base to train
if gMetholdSelect == 1%for PCA
    handles.trainPcaData = trainSingleImgPCA(gTrainNum);
end

msgbox('Train Completed');
% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);


% --- Execute the simulation of recognize rate of PCA
function processPCARecognizeRate(handles)
regRate = zeros(1,9);
for i=1:9
    [trainData testData] = getPCATrainTest(i);
    rate = recognizeRateImgPCA(trainData, testData, i);
    regRate(i) = rate;
end
axes(handles.axes1);
plot(1:9, regRate, '-.or','MarkerFaceColor','g')
grid on;
ylim([50 100]);
xlabel('每个识别个体的训练样本数量');
ylabel('识别概率(%)');
title('PCA的识别概率');


% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton6.
function pushbutton6_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)  %%关闭图像
% hObject    handle to pushbutton6 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
axes(handles.axes1);
cla reset;
axes(handles.axes2);
cla reset;
guidata(hObject, handles);

% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton7.
function pushbutton7_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)  %%退出系统
% hObject    handle to pushbutton7 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
close;

3、实验效果图

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THE END!