Mybatis原理之数据源和链接池

mybatis

在Java工程项目中,咱们常会用到Mybatis框架对数据库中的数据进行增删查改,其原理就是对 JDBC 作了一层封装,并优化数据源的链接。java

​ 咱们先来回顾下 JDBC 操做数据库的过程。mysql

JDBC 操做数据库

JDBC 操做数据库的时候须要指定 链接类型、加载驱动、创建链接、最终执行 SQL 语句,代码以下:sql

public static final String url = "jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1/somedb";  
    public static final String name = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";  
    public static final String user = "root";  
    public static final String password = "root";  
  
    public Connection conn = null;  
    public PreparedStatement pst = null;  
  
    public DBHelper(String sql) {  
        try {  
              //指定链接类型
            Class.forName(name);
              //创建链接 
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password); 
              //准备执行语句  
            pst = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
        } catch (Exception e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
    }  
  
    public void close() {  
        try {  
            this.conn.close();  
            this.pst.close();  
        } catch (SQLException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
    }

​ 一个SQL的执行,若是使用JDBC进行处理,须要通过 加载驱动、创建链接、再执行SQL的一个过程,当下一个SQL到来的时候,还须要进行一次这个流程,这就形成没必要要的性能损失,并且随着用户操做的逐渐增多,每次都和数据库创建链接对数据库自己来讲也是一种压力。数据库

​ 为了减小这种没必要要的消耗,能够对数据的操做进行拆分。在Mybatis中,数据库链接的创建和管理的部分叫作数据库链接池。mybatis

Mybatis 数据源DateSource的分类

  • UNPOOLED 不使用链接池的数据源
  • POOLED 使用链接池的数据源
  • JNDI 使用JNDI实现的数据

Mybatis 数据源DateSource的分类

  • UNPOOLED

    UNPOOLED 不使用链接池的数据源,当 dateSource 的type属性被配置成了UNPOOLEDMyBatis 首先会实例化一个UnpooledDataSourceFactory工厂实例,而后经过 .getDataSource() 方法返回一个UnpooledDataSource 实例对象引用,咱们假定为dataSource框架

    ​ 使用 UnpooledDataSourcegetConnection() ,每调用一次就会产生一个新的 Connection 实例对象。UnPooledDataSourcegetConnection() 方法实现以下:性能

public class UnpooledDataSource implements DataSource {
    private ClassLoader driverClassLoader;
    private Properties driverProperties;
    private static Map<String, Driver> registeredDrivers = new ConcurrentHashMap();
    private String driver;
    private String url;
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private Boolean autoCommit;
    private Integer defaultTransactionIsolationLevel;

    public UnpooledDataSource() {
    }

    public UnpooledDataSource(String driver, String url, String username, String password){
        this.driver = driver;
        this.url = url;
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
    }
    
    public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
        return this.doGetConnection(this.username, this.password);
    }
    
    private Connection doGetConnection(String username, String password) throws SQLException {
        Properties props = new Properties();
        if(this.driverProperties != null) {
            props.putAll(this.driverProperties);
        }

        if(username != null) {
            props.setProperty("user", username);
        }

        if(password != null) {
            props.setProperty("password", password);
        }

        return this.doGetConnection(props);
    }
    
    private Connection doGetConnection(Properties properties) throws SQLException {
        this.initializeDriver();
        Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(this.url, properties);
        this.configureConnection(connection);
        return connection;
    }
}

如上代码所示,UnpooledDataSource会作如下事情:优化

  1. 初始化驱动: 判断driver驱动是否已经加载到内存中,若是尚未加载,则会动态地加载driver类,并实例化一个Driver对象,使用DriverManager.registerDriver()方法将其注册到内存中,以供后续使用。
  2. 建立Connection对象: 使用DriverManager.getConnection()方法建立链接。
  3. 配置Connection对象: 设置是否自动提交autoCommit和隔离级别isolationLevel
  4. 返回Connection对象
从上述的代码中能够看到,咱们每调用一次getConnection()方法,都会经过DriverManager.getConnection()返回新的java.sql.Connection实例,因此没有链接池。
  • POOLED 数据源 链接池

PooledDataSource: 将java.sql.Connection对象包裹成PooledConnection对象放到了PoolState类型的容器中维护。 MyBatis将链接池中的PooledConnection分为两种状态: 空闲状态(idle)和活动状态(active),这两种状态的PooledConnection对象分别被存储到PoolState容器内的idleConnectionsactiveConnections两个List集合中:this

idleConnections: 空闲(idle)状态PooledConnection对象被放置到此集合中,表示当前闲置的没有被使用的PooledConnection集合,调用PooledDataSourcegetConnection()方法时,会优先今后集合中取PooledConnection对象。当用完一个java.sql.Connection对象时,MyBatis会将其包裹成PooledConnection对象放到此集合中。url

activeConnections: 活动(active)状态的PooledConnection对象被放置到名为activeConnectionsArrayList中,表示当前正在被使用的PooledConnection集合,调用PooledDataSourcegetConnection()方法时,会优先从idleConnections集合中取PooledConnection对象,若是没有,则看此集合是否已满,若是未满,PooledDataSource会建立出一个PooledConnection,添加到此集合中,并返回

如今让咱们看一下popConnection()方法到底作了什么:

  1. 先看是否有空闲(idle)状态下的PooledConnection对象,若是有,就直接返回一个可用的PooledConnection对象;不然进行第2步。
  2. 查看活动状态的PooledConnectionactiveConnections是否已满;若是没有满,则建立一个新的PooledConnection对象,而后放到activeConnections池中,而后返回此PooledConnection对象;不然进行第三步;
  3. 看最早进入activeConnections池中的PooledConnection对象是否已通过期:若是已通过期,从activeConnections池中移除此对象,而后建立一个新的PooledConnection对象,添加到activeConnections中,而后将此对象返回;不然进行第4步。
  4. 线程等待,循环2步
/*
 * 传递一个用户名和密码,从链接池中返回可用的PooledConnection
 */
private PooledConnection popConnection(String username, String password) throws SQLException
{
    boolean countedWait = false;
    PooledConnection conn = null;
    long t = System.currentTimeMillis();
    int localBadConnectionCount = 0;

    while (conn == null)
    {
        synchronized (state)
        {
            if (state.idleConnections.size() > 0)
            {
                // 链接池中有空闲链接,取出第一个
                conn = state.idleConnections.remove(0);
                if (log.isDebugEnabled())
                {
                    log.debug("Checked out connection " + conn.getRealHashCode() + " from pool.");
                }
            }
            else
            {
                // 链接池中没有空闲链接,则取当前正在使用的链接数小于最大限定值,
                if (state.activeConnections.size() < poolMaximumActiveConnections)
                {
                    // 建立一个新的connection对象
                    conn = new PooledConnection(dataSource.getConnection(), this);
                    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
                    //used in logging, if enabled
                    Connection realConn = conn.getRealConnection();
                    if (log.isDebugEnabled())
                    {
                        log.debug("Created connection " + conn.getRealHashCode() + ".");
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    // Cannot create new connection 当活动链接池已满,不能建立时,取出活动链接池的第一个,即最早进入链接池的PooledConnection对象
                    // 计算它的校验时间,若是校验时间大于链接池规定的最大校验时间,则认为它已通过期了,利用这个PoolConnection内部的realConnection从新生成一个PooledConnection
                    //
                    PooledConnection oldestActiveConnection = state.activeConnections.get(0);
                    long longestCheckoutTime = oldestActiveConnection.getCheckoutTime();
                    if (longestCheckoutTime > poolMaximumCheckoutTime)
                    {
                        // Can claim overdue connection
                        state.claimedOverdueConnectionCount++;
                        state.accumulatedCheckoutTimeOfOverdueConnections += longestCheckoutTime;
                        state.accumulatedCheckoutTime += longestCheckoutTime;
                        state.activeConnections.remove(oldestActiveConnection);
                        if (!oldestActiveConnection.getRealConnection().getAutoCommit())
                        {
                            oldestActiveConnection.getRealConnection().rollback();
                        }
                        conn = new PooledConnection(oldestActiveConnection.getRealConnection(), this);
                        oldestActiveConnection.invalidate();
                        if (log.isDebugEnabled())
                        {
                            log.debug("Claimed overdue connection " + conn.getRealHashCode() + ".");
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {

                        //若是不能释放,则必须等待有
                        // Must wait
                        try
                        {
                            if (!countedWait)
                            {
                                state.hadToWaitCount++;
                                countedWait = true;
                            }
                            if (log.isDebugEnabled())
                            {
                                log.debug("Waiting as long as " + poolTimeToWait + " milliseconds for connection.");
                            }
                            long wt = System.currentTimeMillis();
                            state.wait(poolTimeToWait);
                            state.accumulatedWaitTime += System.currentTimeMillis() - wt;
                        }
                        catch (InterruptedException e)
                        {
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            //若是获取PooledConnection成功,则更新其信息

            if (conn != null)
            {
                if (conn.isValid())
                {
                    if (!conn.getRealConnection().getAutoCommit())
                    {
                        conn.getRealConnection().rollback();
                    }
                    conn.setConnectionTypeCode(assembleConnectionTypeCode(dataSource.getUrl(), username, password));
                    conn.setCheckoutTimestamp(System.currentTimeMillis());
                    conn.setLastUsedTimestamp(System.currentTimeMillis());
                    state.activeConnections.add(conn);
                    state.requestCount++;
                    state.accumulatedRequestTime += System.currentTimeMillis() - t;
                }
                else
                {
                    if (log.isDebugEnabled())
                    {
                        log.debug("A bad connection (" + conn.getRealHashCode() + ") was returned from the pool, getting another connection.");
                    }
                    state.badConnectionCount++;
                    localBadConnectionCount++;
                    conn = null;
                    if (localBadConnectionCount > (poolMaximumIdleConnections + 3))
                    {
                        if (log.isDebugEnabled())
                        {
                            log.debug("PooledDataSource: Could not get a good connection to the database.");
                        }
                        throw new SQLException("PooledDataSource: Could not get a good connection to the database.");
                    }
                }
            }
        }

    }

    if (conn == null)
    {
        if (log.isDebugEnabled())
        {
            log.debug("PooledDataSource: Unknown severe error condition.  The connection pool returned a null connection.");
        }
        throw new SQLException("PooledDataSource: Unknown severe error condition.  The connection pool returned a null connection.");
    }

    return conn;
}

java.sql.Connection对象的回收

​ 当咱们的程序中使用完Connection对象时,若是不使用数据库链接池,咱们通常会调用 connection.close() 方法,关闭connection链接,释放资源

调用过close()方法的Connection对象所持有的资源会被所有释放掉,Connection对象也就不能再使用。那么,若是咱们使用了链接池,咱们在用完了Connection对象时,须要将它放在链接池中,该怎样作呢?

​ 可能你们第一个在脑海里闪现出来的想法就是:我在应该调用con.close()方法的时候,不调用close()方法,将其换成将Connection对象放到链接池容器中的代码!

怎样实现Connection对象调用了close()方法,而实际是将其添加到链接池中

​ 这是要使用代理模式,为真正的Connection对象建立一个代理对象,代理对象全部的方法都是调用相应的真正Connection对象的方法实现。当代理对象执行close()方法时,要特殊处理,不调用真正Connection对象的close()方法,而是将Connection对象添加到链接池中。

MyBatisPooledDataSourcePoolState内部维护的对象是PooledConnection类型的对象,而PooledConnection则是对真正的数据库链接java.sql.Connection实例对象的包裹器。

PooledConnection对象内持有一个真正的数据库链接java.sql.Connection实例对象和一个java.sql.Connection的代理:

其源码以下:

class PooledConnection implements InvocationHandler {
    private static final String CLOSE = "close";
    private static final Class<?>[] IFACES = new Class[]{Connection.class};
    private int hashCode = 0;
    private PooledDataSource dataSource;
    private Connection realConnection;
    private Connection proxyConnection;
    private long checkoutTimestamp;
    private long createdTimestamp;
    private long lastUsedTimestamp;
    private int connectionTypeCode;
    private boolean valid;

    public PooledConnection(Connection connection, PooledDataSource dataSource) {
        this.hashCode = connection.hashCode();
        this.realConnection = connection;
        this.dataSource = dataSource;
        this.createdTimestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
        this.lastUsedTimestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
        this.valid = true;
        this.proxyConnection = (Connection)Proxy.newProxyInstance(Connection.class.getClassLoader(), IFACES, this);
    }
    
    public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
        String methodName = method.getName();
          //当close时候,会回收 connection , 不会真正的close
        if("close".hashCode() == methodName.hashCode() && "close".equals(methodName)) {
            this.dataSource.pushConnection(this);
            return null;
        } else {
            try {
                if(!Object.class.equals(method.getDeclaringClass())) {
                    this.checkConnection();
                }

                return method.invoke(this.realConnection, args);
            } catch (Throwable var6) {
                throw ExceptionUtil.unwrapThrowable(var6);
            }
        }
    }
}

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