CentOS7 下编译安装 Samba,什么是 SMB/CIFS 协议

1、关于 Samba

1. SMB

(1)定义python

SMB (server message block):是一种用来访问网络中文件、打印机和其余共享网络资源的应用层通讯协议。主要功能是使网络上的机器可以共享计算机文件、打印机、串行端口和通信等资源。提供经认证的进程间通讯机制,主要运行在windows系统下ios

(2)特性程序员

  1. SMB 能够以多种方式运行在会话层(或更低):
  • 传输层:直接运行在 TCP 上 port 445
  • 会话层:基于 NetBIOS API,运行在不一样的传输层
    • (1)UDP ports 137, 138 & TCP ports 137, 139 (NetBIOS over TCP/IP)
    • (2)一些传统协议,例如 NBF, IPX/SPX.
  1. SMB 的 "进程间通讯" (IPC) 系统提供 命名管道s 机制,它使得程序员能够方便的实现继认可证。
  2. SMB 签名 Server Message Block version 2 (SMB2) 旨在经过将SMB signals合并为一个数据包来减轻这个性能限制。
  3. SMB 支持机会锁 - 一种特殊的锁,来提高性能。
  4. SMB 服务是 Microsoft's Distributed File System 实现的基础。

(3)历史windows

SMB / CIFS / SMB1
CIFS (Common Internet File System):SMB2以前的SMB协议。centos

SMB 2.0
2006年,Microsoft 随着 Windows Vista 的发布 引入了新的SMB版本 (SMB 2.0 or SMB2)安全

SMB 2.1
SMB 2.1, 随 Windows 7 和 Server 2008 R2 引入, 主要是经过引入新的机会锁机制来提高性能。网络

SMB 3.0
SMB 3.0 (previously named SMB 2.2) 在Windows 8 和 Windows Server 2012 中引入,带来几项重要的变化:
(1)the SMB Direct Protocol (SMB over remote direct memory access [RDMA])
(2)SMB Multichannel (multiple connections per SMB session)
(3)SMB Transparent Failoversession

SMB 3.0.2
随 Windows 8.1 和 Windows Server 2012 R2引入。在这些版本和之后的版本中,能够选择性地禁用较早的SMB版本1,以提升安全性。less

SMB 3.1.1
随 Windows 10 和 Windows Server 2016 引入。这个版本除了SMB3中添加的AES 128 CCM 加密以外,还支持AES 128 GCM 加密,并使用SHA-512散列实现预认证完整性检查。在使用SMB2.x 以上版本的客户端进行链接时,SMB 3.1.1还强制要求进行安全协商。

2. Samba

(1)定义

Samba 实现了 SMB 协议,是适用于 Linux 和 Unix 的标准 Windows 互操做性程序套件。Samba 是免费软件,遵循 GNU General Public License(通用公共许可证)。提供安全、稳定、快速的文件和打印服务 。

(2)官方描述

Samba is the standard Windows interoperability suite of programs for Linux and Unix.

Samba is Free Software licensed under the GNU General Public License, the Samba project is a member of the Software Freedom Conservancy.

Since 1992, Samba has provided secure, stable and fast file and print services for all clients using the SMB/CIFS protocol.

Samba is an important component to seamlessly integrate Linux/Unix Servers and Desktops into Active Directory environments. It can function both as a domain controller or as a regular domain member.

 

2、yum 安装 Samba

1. 安装 Samba

(1)查看CentOS 版本

# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)

(2)经过 yum 安装 Samba

# yum -y install samba samba-client samba-common

2. 查看版本

# rpm -qi samba
Name        : samba
Epoch       : 0
Version     : 4.7.1
Release     : 9.el7_5
Architecture: x86_64
...

3. 查看配置文件

默认配置文件为:/etc/samba/smb.conf

cat /etc/samba/smb.conf

# See smb.conf.example for a more detailed config file or
# read the smb.conf manpage.
# Run 'testparm' to verify the config is correct after
# you modified it.

[global]
    workgroup = SAMBA
    security = user

    passdb backend = tdbsam

    printing = cups
    printcap name = cups
    load printers = yes
    cups options = raw

[homes]
    comment = Home Directories
    valid users = %S, %D%w%S
    browseable = No
    read only = No
    inherit acls = Yes

[printers]
    comment = All Printers
    path = /var/tmp
    printable = Yes
    create mask = 0600
    browseable = No

[print$]
    comment = Printer Drivers
    path = /var/lib/samba/drivers
    write list = @printadmin root
    force group = @printadmin
    create mask = 0664
    directory mask = 0775

示例文件为:/etc/samba/smb.conf.example

cat /etc/samba/smb.conf.example

#==== Global Settings ====
[global]
# ---- Network-Related Options ----
    workgroup = MYGROUP
    server string = Samba Server Version %v
;   netbios name = MYSERVER
;   interfaces = lo eth0 192.168.12.2/24 192.168.13.2/24
;   hosts allow = 127. 192.168.12. 192.168.13.

# ---- Logging Options ----
    log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
    max log size = 50

# ---- Standalone Server Options ----
    security = user
    passdb backend = tdbsam

# ---- Printing Options ----
    load printers = yes
    cups options = raw

#==== Share Definitions ====

[homes]
    comment = Home Directories
    browseable = no
    writable = yes
;   valid users = %S
;   valid users = MYDOMAIN\%S

[printers]
    comment = All Printers
    path = /var/spool/samba
    browseable = no
    guest ok = no
    writable = no
    printable = yes

...

4. 启动服务

4.1. 修改配置文件

# vi /etc/samba/smb.conf

[global]
        workgroup = WORKGROUP
        netbios name = 137
        security = user
        map to guest = bad user

[anshare]
        comment = test share file
        path = /samba/anshare
        # 这里限定只能经过 andy 访问
        valid users = andy
        browseable = yes
        writeable = yes
        guest ok = yes
        
[nobodyshare]
        comment = nobody share file
        path = /samba/share
        browseable = yes
        writeable = yes
        guest ok = yes

4.2. 新增共享文件夹

mkdir /samba/anshare
mkdir /samba/share
//容许 nobodyshare 匿名访问,所以须要修改 share 的用户组
chown -R nobody:nobody /samba/share

注:这里的共享目录可使用 Ceph 块设备挂载的文件夹,关于如何使用块设备,请参考 块设备快速入门

4.3. 新增用户

// -d 指定用户登入时的启始目录
# useradd -d /home/andy
// 设置密码
# passwd andy

4.4. 新增 smb 用户

# smbpasswd -a andy
New SMB password: //这里输入aa
Retype new SMB password:
Added user andy.

注:smbpasswd 命令的经常使用方法

smbpasswd -a 增长用户(要增长的用户必须以是系统用户)
smbpasswd -d 冻结用户,就是这个用户不能在登陆了
smbpasswd -e 恢复用户,解冻用户,让冻结的用户能够在使用
smbpasswd -x 删除用户

4.5. 关闭防火墙

# systemctl stop firewalld
# setenforce 0

4.6. 启动服务

# systemctl enable smb & systemctl enable nmb

# systemctl restart smb & systemctl restart nmb

5. 本地客户端验证

# smbclient -L localhost -U andy
Enter WORKGROUP\andy's password: //这里输入aa

    Sharename       Type      Comment
    ---------       ----      -------
    anshare         Disk      test share file
    IPC$            IPC       IPC Service (Samba 4.7.1)
Reconnecting with SMB1 for workgroup listing.

    Server               Comment
    ---------            -------

    Workgroup            Master
    ---------            -------
    WORKGROUP            DESKTOP-H5VOITT

6. Windows 链接

(1)在Windows中访问共享文件夹

\\192.168.0.137

(2)进入共享文件夹

  • 访问 ansahre ,输入 smb 用户名和密码:andy/aa
  • 能够匿名访问 nobodysahre

(3)发现没有权限写入

怀疑是共享目录的权限问题:

# ll /samba
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root   root    6 11月  6 17:51 anshare
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root   root    6 11月  6 17:51 share

修改文件夹权限:

chmod 777 anshare
chmod 777 share

(4)新建文件而后在 Linux 查看

# ll /samba/anshare
drwxr-xr-x. 2 andy andy 6 11月  6 17:55 asd
-rwxr--r--. 1 andy andy 4 11月  6 17:56 asd.txt

# ll /samba/share
-rwxr--r--. 1 andy andy 6 11月  6 18:05 aaa.txt

 

3、编译安装 Samba

若是须要得到最新的 samba ,须要本身编译安装 samba 源码。

1. 下载

官网 下载最新的稳定版,这里咱们下载 Samba 4.7.11。

先卸载以前经过 yum 安装的 Samba:

# yum -y remove samba samba-client samba-common

2. 安装 gcc 及依赖包

yum -y install gcc perl python-devel libacl-devel openldap-devel pam-devel

3. 检查系统环境并生成MakeFile

./configure

4. 编译

make

5. 编译安装

make install

6. 查看版本

软件的默认安装目录

# pwd
/usr/local/samba

执行 samba -V 查看版本

# /usr/local/samba/sbin/samba -V
Version 4.7.11

7. 查看配置文件

配置文件的全路径为:/usr/local/samba/etc/smb.conf
注意 smb.conf 默认是没有的,须要手动建立,示例文件为:samba-4.7.11/examples/smb.conf.default

cat smb.conf.default
cp smb.conf.default /usr/local/samba/etc/smb.conf

能够发现,配置文件的结构以下:

#==== Global Settings ====
[global]
   workgroup = MYGROUP
   server string = Samba Server
   server role = standalone server
   log file = /usr/local/samba/var/log.%m
   max log size = 50
   dns proxy = no

#==== Share Definitions ====
[homes]
   comment = Home Directories
   browseable = no
   writable = yes

;[netlogon]
;[Profiles]
[printers]
   comment = All Printers
   path = /usr/spool/samba
   browseable = no
   guest ok = no
   writable = no
   printable = yes

;[tmp]
;[public]
;[fredsprn]
;[fredsdir]
;[pchome]
;[public]
;[myshare]

这段配置默认把用户的家目录共享。

8. 启动服务

8.1. 修改配置以下

vi /usr/local/samba/etc/smb.conf

[global]
   workgroup = MYGROUP
   server string = Samba Server
   server role = standalone server
   log file = /usr/local/samba/var/log.%m
   max log size = 50
   dns proxy = no

[myshare]
   comment = mary's stuff
   path = /usr/somewhere/shared
   valid users = mary
   public = no
   writable = yes
   printable = no
   create mask = 0765

8.2. 建立共享文件夹

mkdir -p /usr/somewhere/shared

8.3. 建立用户

# useradd -d /home/mary -m mary
# passwd mary

8.4. 建立 smb 用户

# /usr/local/samba/bin/smbpasswd -a mary
New SMB password: //这里输入mm
Retype new SMB password:
Added user mary.

获得 smb用户名:mary,smb密码:mm

8.5. 关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld

8.6. 启动 Samba

# /usr/local/samba/sbin/smbd 
# /usr/local/samba/sbin/nmbd

9. 本地客户端验证

# /usr/local/samba/bin/smbclient -L localhost -U mary

Enter MYGROUP\mary's password: 

    Sharename       Type      Comment
    ---------       ----      -------
    myshare         Disk      mary's stuff
    IPC$            IPC       IPC Service (Samba Server)
Reconnecting with SMB1 for workgroup listing.

    Server               Comment
    ---------            -------

    Workgroup            Master
    ---------            -------
    MYGROUP              SAMBA

10. Windows 链接

(1)在Windows中访问共享文件夹

\\192.168.0.137

(2)输入 smb 用户名和密码

(3)肯定后能够看到 myshare

(4)发现没有权限写入

(5)修改共享目录权限
怀疑是共享目录的权限问题:

# ll /usr/somewhere
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 11月  6 10:54 shared

修改目录权限:

# chmod 777 /usr/somewhere/shared/

(6)完成后能够进行写入了

参考连接
在CentOS 7中Samba服务安装和配置
centos7编译安装samba共享服务

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