CertBot 快速let's encrypt证书安装

由于一些开发的缘由，不得不把网站换https，目前免费的ssl证书有 let's encrypt。

通过一番的实践，终于把证书正确安装上，这里记录下过程和遇到的问题，方便须要的朋友。

环境

个人环境是阿里云ubuntu-16.04

下载工具

下载 certbot 工具

git clone https://github.com/certbot/certbot

生成ssl证书

按照这个certbot文档的说明操做

cd certbot
./letsencrypt-auto certonly --standalone --email your@qq.com -d your.domain.com

记得修改 your.domain.com 为你的域名

可是并无如意，报了以下错误：

Bootstrapping dependencies for Debian-based OSes... (you can skip this with --no-bootstrap)
Hit:1 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease
Hit:2 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease
Hit:3 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease
Reading package lists... Done                     
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
augeas-lenses is already the newest version (1.4.0-0ubuntu1).
ca-certificates is already the newest version (20160104ubuntu1).
gcc is already the newest version (4:5.3.1-1ubuntu1).
libaugeas0 is already the newest version (1.4.0-0ubuntu1).
libffi-dev is already the newest version (3.2.1-4).
python is already the newest version (2.7.11-1).
python-dev is already the newest version (2.7.11-1).
libssl-dev is already the newest version (1.0.2g-1ubuntu4.8).
openssl is already the newest version (1.0.2g-1ubuntu4.8).
python-virtualenv is already the newest version (15.0.1+ds-3ubuntu1).
virtualenv is already the newest version (15.0.1+ds-3ubuntu1).
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 37 not upgraded.
Creating virtual environment...
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 2363, in <module>
    main()
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 719, in main
    symlink=options.symlink)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 988, in create_environment
    download=download,
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 918, in install_wheel
    call_subprocess(cmd, show_stdout=False, extra_env=env, stdin=SCRIPT)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 812, in call_subprocess
    % (cmd_desc, proc.returncode))
OSError: Command /root/.local/share/letsencrypt/bin/python2.7 - setuptools pkg_resources pip wheel failed with error code 2

经过搜索，找到了certbot的issue #issuecomment-273014451

缘由是说，系统安装了多个版本的python，那么怎么删除呢？
我按照这里的方法解决了。

解决方法：

apt-get purge python-virtualenv python3-virtualenv virtualenv
pip install virtualenv

而后再次执行ssl证书生成命令：

cd certbot
./letsencrypt-auto certonly --standalone --email your@qq.com -d your.domain.com

这里可能须要等待几分钟，出现相似的信息，则生成成功了。

IMPORTANT NOTES:
 - Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at:
   /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.lanyueos.com/fullchain.pem
   Your key file has been saved at:
   /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.lanyueos.com/privkey.pem
   Your cert will expire on 2017-11-14. To obtain a new or tweaked
   version of this certificate in the future, simply run
   letsencrypt-auto again. To non-interactively renew *all* of your
   certificates, run "letsencrypt-auto renew"
 - Your account credentials have been saved in your Certbot
   configuration directory at /etc/letsencrypt. You should make a
   secure backup of this folder now. This configuration directory will
   also contain certificates and private keys obtained by Certbot so
   making regular backups of this folder is ideal.
 - If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by:

   Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt:   https://letsencrypt.org/donate
   Donating to EFF:                    https://eff.org/donate-le

配置nginx

在nginx配置文件的server中增长下面代码：

listen 443 ssl;
listen [::]:443 ssl ipv6only=on;

ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/your.domain.com/fullchain.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/your.domain.com/privkey.pem;

记得修改 your.domain.com 为你的域名

重启nginx

service nginx start

若是出现启动失败，请执行以下命令检查测配置文件

nginx -t

打开网站：https://your.domain.com 若是看到浏览器的绿色标志，恭喜你设置成功！

自动更新证书

能够新建一个任务 certbot-auto-renew-cron， 这个是一个 cron 计划，这段内容的意思就是 每隔 两个月的 凌晨 2:15 执行 更新操做。

./certbot-auto renew --pre-hook "service nginx stop" --post-hook "service nginx start"

--pre-hook 这个参数表示执行更新操做以前要作的事情，由于我有 --standalone 模式的证书，因此须要 中止 nginx 服务，解除端口占用。
--post-hook 这个参数表示执行更新操做完成后要作的事情，这里就恢复 nginx 服务的启用

crontab certbot-auto-renew-cron