实战之BBS(仿博客园写一个论坛)（二）登陆页面，网站首页的实现

时间 2019-12-06

标签实战 bbs 博客一个论坛登陆页面网站首页实现栏目网站开发繁體版

原文原文链接

一.登陆页面

1.效果展现：css

2.技术点：html

2.1验证码：验证码这个功能用了Image,ImageDraw,ImageFont，random，BytesIO模块和session前端

Image是新建立一个图片，ImageDraw至关于在这个图片上建立一个画笔，ImageFont指定字体的格式jquery

random随机模块，BytesIO开辟一片字节类型的内存空间，session用于存储验证码，验证码的具体细节请看上篇博客ajax

2.2登陆验证：咱们的注册的时候，用的是auth.create_user()方法，这种方法会让咱们的密码被加密，在数据库中以下图所示：数据库

因此说咱们只能把从前端的获取的密码，通过一样的加密以后再和数据库中的数据进行比对django

  user=auth.authenticate(request,username=username,password=password)

若是user存在，登陆成功，保持登陆状态，不然返回错误信息，并对前端进行渲染bootstrap

2.2.1登陆成功：后端

首先用auth.login把user绑定，至关于session和cookie可是使用方法比这两个都简单，执行以后，不退出登陆的状况下，request.user就是auth.login(request,user)里面的usercookie

auth.login(request,user)

登陆成功以后，给前端返回数据，首先在函数开头定义一个response_msg用于标识成功或失败，初始化：

 respone_msg={'code':100,'msg':''}

当登陆成功的时候，code不变，给response添加一个URL：

  respone_msg['url']='/home'

当登陆成功的时候，跳转到home页面。固然了这行代码也须要前端的配合，前端：

success:function (data) {
                if(data.code==100){
                    location.href=data.url
                }

2.2.2登陆失败：

登陆失败，response_msg['code']变为101（或者随意一个数，和成功区别开就好）,msg变为失败的信息，好比是验证码出错仍是帐号密码错误

把返回的msg数据在前端进行渲染，显示出来，效果以下：

3.流程图：

4.具体代码：

后端代码：

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect
from app01 import myforms
from app01 import models
from django.http import JsonResponse
# Create your views here.
from PIL import Image,ImageDraw,ImageFont
from io import BytesIO,StringIO
from django.contrib import auth
import random
#随机数据
def r_num(number):
    if number==2:
        return random.randint(0,128),random.randint(0,128),random.randint(0,128)
    if number == 1:
        return random.randint(128, 255), random.randint(128, 255), random.randint(128, 255)
#验证码函数
def yzm(request):
    yzm_img=Image.new("RGB",(260,40),r_num(1))
    draw=ImageDraw.Draw(yzm_img)
    font=ImageFont.truetype('static/1.ttf',40)
    code=''
    for i in range(5):
        random_num=str(random.randint(0,9))
        random_up=str(chr(random.randint(65,90)))
        random_low=str(chr(random.randint(97,122)))
        random_code=random.choice([random_num,random_up,random_low])
        draw.text((20+40*i,-5),random_code,r_num(2),font)
        code+=random_code
    io_obj=BytesIO()
    yzm_img.save(io_obj,'png')
    request.session['code']=code
    return HttpResponse(io_obj.getvalue())
#登陆函数
def login(request):
    respone_msg={'code':100,'msg':''}
    if request.method=='POST':
        username=request.POST.get('username')
        password=request.POST.get('password')
        yzm=request.POST.get('yzm')

        if request.session.get('code').upper()==yzm.upper():
            user=auth.authenticate(request,username=username,password=password)
            if user:
                auth.login(request,user)
                respone_msg['url']='/home'
            else:
                respone_msg['code']=101
                respone_msg['msg']='用户名或密码错误'
        else:
            respone_msg['code']=102
            respone_msg['msg']='验证码错误'
        return  JsonResponse(respone_msg)
    return render(request,'login.html',locals())

后端代码

前端：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <h1 class="text-center">登陆页面</h1>
    <div class="row">
        <form class="col-lg-offset-3 col-lg-6">
            {% csrf_token %}
            <div class="form-group">
                <label for="id_username">用户名</label>
                <input type="text" class="form-control" id="id_username" placeholder="用户名">
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <label for="id_password">密码</label>
                <input type="password" class="form-control" id="id_password" placeholder="密码">
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <label for="id_yzm">验证码</label>
                <input type="text" class="form-control" id="id_yzm" placeholder="验证码">
                <div style="margin-top: 30px"><img src="/yzm/" alt="" id="img_yzm"></div>
            </div>
            <div><input type="button" id="button_id" value="登陆" class="btn btn-primary"></div>
            <div> <span id="error" style="color: red"></span></div>
        </form>
    </div>
</div>
<script>
    $('#img_yzm').click(function () {
         var path2 = $(this).attr('src');
        $(this).attr('src',path2+='?')
    });
    $('#button_id').click(function () {
        $.ajax({
            url:'',
            type:'post',
            data:{
                'username':$('#id_username').val(),
                'password':$('#id_password').val(),
                'yzm':$('#id_yzm').val(),
                'csrfmiddlewaretoken':$("[name='csrfmiddlewaretoken']").val()
            },
            success:function (data) {
                if(data.code==100){
                    location.href=data.url
                }
                else {
                    $('#error').html(data.msg)
                }
            }
        })
    })
</script>
</body>
</html>

前端代码

前端

二.首页的实现

1.效果展现：

，上图能够分为左右两边面板模块，中间文章展现模块，页面顶部导航栏模块，顶部导航栏模块分为登陆状态和非登陆状态

非登陆状态：

登陆状态：

2.实现步骤

2.1左右两边面板模块：

左右两边面板模块用bootstarp的栅格系统完成，左2，中8，右2，而后再去copy3个面板，完成

2.2中间数据的展现：

后端操做很简单，只须要获取文章表的全部数据发送给前端便可

 article_list=models.Article.objects.all()
    return render(request,'home.html',locals())

前端代码，把后端发过来的数据，用for循环渲染

{% for article in article_list %}
            <div class="media">
                <div class="media-left">
                    <a href="#">
                        <img class="media-object" data-src="holder.js/64x64" alt="64x64"
                             src="/media/{{ article.blog.userinfo.avatar }}"
                             data-holder-rendered="true" style="width: 64px; height: 64px;">
                    </a>
                </div>
                <div class="media-body">
                    <h4 class="media-heading"><a href="/{{ article.blog.userinfo.username }}/{{ article.id }}">{{ article.title }}</a></h4>
                    {{ article.desc }}
                    <div>
                        <span>发布时间：{{ article.create_time }} 点赞数:{{ article.up_num }} 评论数:{{ article.comment_num}}</span>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
            {% endfor %}

2.3页面顶部导航栏

首先实现不一样状态下的前端切换，后端是locals()传值，全部request也被传到了前端，那么就能够经过request.user判断用户是否登陆

{% if request.user.is_authenticated %}
    <li><a href="/{{ request.user.username }}/GL">{{ request.user.username }}</a></li>
    <li class="dropdown">
        <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true"
           aria-expanded="false">更多操做<span class="caret"></span></a>
        <ul class="dropdown-menu">
            <li><a href="/set_password">修改密码</a></li>
            <li><a href="/set_avatar">修改头像</a></li>
            <li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
            <li><a href="/logout">注销</a></li>
            {% else %}
            <li><a href="/login">登陆</a></li>
            <li><a href="/register">注册</a></li>
        </ul>
    </li>{% endif %}

2.3.1非登陆状态下

非登陆状态下，给两个a标签添加路径，

 <li><a href="/login">登陆</a></li>
            <li><a href="/register">注册</a></li>

2.3.2 登陆状态下，有三个功能，修改密码，修改头像，注销

修改密码：首先在url文件中添加路径，在views中添加函数，为a标签加上路径，在templates建立一个修改密码页面

效果如上

修改密码要有原密码。原密码的是加密的，因此又须要一个函数request.user.check_password()

验证以后，进行两次新密码的比对，没有问题的话，进行保存，又又又要对密码进行加密，因此须要另一个函数request.user.set_password(new_password)，还有设置完以后别忘记保存request.user.save()

后端：

def set_password(request):
    respone_msg={'code':100,'msg':''}
    if request.method=="POST":
        password=request.POST.get('password')
        if request.user.check_password(password):
            new_password=request.POST.get('new_password')
            re_new_password=request.POST.get('re_new_password')
            if new_password==re_new_password:
                respone_msg['url']='/login'
                request.user.set_password(new_password)
                request.user.save()
                auth.logout(request)
            else:
                respone_msg['code']=101
                respone_msg['msg']='两次密码不一致'
        else:
            respone_msg['code'] = 102
            respone_msg['msg'] = '原密码不正确'
        return JsonResponse(respone_msg)

    return render(request,'set_password.html',locals())

修改密码后端源码

前端：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <h1 class="text-center">修改密码</h1>
    <div class="row">
        <form class="col-lg-offset-3 col-lg-6">
            {% csrf_token %}
            <div class="form-group">
                <label for="id_username">用户名</label>
                <input type="text" class="form-control" id="id_username" placeholder="用户名" value={{ request.user.username }} disabled>
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <label for="id_password">密码</label>
                <input type="password" class="form-control" id="id_password" placeholder="密码">
            </div>
             <div class="form-group">
                <label for="id_password2">新密码</label>
                <input type="password" class="form-control" id="id_password2" placeholder="密码">
            </div>
             <div class="form-group">
                <label for="id_password3">重复新密码</label>
                <input type="password" class="form-control" id="id_password3" placeholder="密码">
            </div>

            <div><input type="button" id="button_id" value="修改" class="btn btn-primary"></div>
            <div> <span id="error" style="color: red"></span></div>
        </form>
    </div>
</div>
<script>
    $('#button_id').click(function () {
        $.ajax({
            url:'',
            type:'post',
            data:{
                'password':$('#id_password').val(),
                'new_password':$('#id_password2').val(),
                're_new_password':$('#id_password3').val(),
                'csrfmiddlewaretoken':$("[name='csrfmiddlewaretoken']").val()
            },
            success:function (data) {
                if(data.code==100){
                    location.href=data.url
                }
                else {
                    $('#error').html(data.msg)
                }
            }
        })
    })
</script>
</body>
</body>
</html>

前端源码

修改头像：

头像修改的原理和注册时是同样的，简单很少BB

def set_avatar(request):
    blog = request.user.blog
    username = request.user.username
    if request.method=="POST":
        file = request.FILES.get('myfile')
        user_obj = models.UserInfo.objects.get(blog=blog)
        user_obj.avatar = file
        user_obj.save()
        return JsonResponse({'url':'/home','code':'100'})
    return render(request,'set_avatar.html',locals())

后端代码

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-lg-6">
            {% csrf_token %}
            <label for="file_id"> 头像
                <img data-src="holder.js/140x140" class="img-rounded" alt="140x140" style="width: 140px; height: 140px;"
                     src="/media/{{ request.user.avatar }}" data-holder-rendered="true" id="img_id">
            </label>
            <input type="file" id="file_id" class="hidden">
            <p><input type="button" id="button_id" value="修改"></p>

        </div>

    </div>
</div>
<script>
    $('#file_id').change(function () {
        var file = $(this)[0].files[0];
        var read = new FileReader();
        read.readAsDataURL(file);
        read.onload = function () {
            $('#img_id').attr('src', read.result)
        }
    });
    $('#button_id').click(function () {
    var formdata=new FormData();
     formdata.append('myfile',$('#file_id')[0].files[0]);
     formdata.append('csrfmiddlewaretoken',$("[name='csrfmiddlewaretoken']").val());
    $.ajax({
        url:"",
        type:'post',
        data:formdata,
        processData: false,
        contentType: false,
        success:function (data) {
          if(data.code==100){
            location.href=data.url
          }
        }
    })
})
</script>
</body>
</html>

前端

至于最后一个注销就简单了：

和auth.login相对应的函数，auth.logout

def logout(request):
    auth.logout(request)
    return redirect('/home')


首页完整代码：
后端：

#首页
def home(request):
    article_list=models.Article.objects.all()
    return render(request,'home.html',locals())
#注销
def logout(request):
    auth.logout(request)
    return redirect('/home')
#修改密码
def set_password(request):
    respone_msg={'code':100,'msg':''}
    if request.method=="POST":
        password=request.POST.get('password')
        if request.user.check_password(password):
            new_password=request.POST.get('new_password')
            re_new_password=request.POST.get('re_new_password')
            if new_password==re_new_password:
                respone_msg['url']='/login'
                request.user.set_password(new_password)
                request.user.save()
                auth.logout(request)
            else:
                respone_msg['code']=101
                respone_msg['msg']='两次密码不一致'
        else:
            respone_msg['code'] = 102
            respone_msg['msg'] = '原密码不正确'
        return JsonResponse(respone_msg)

    return render(request,'set_password.html',locals())
#修改头像
def set_avatar(request):
    blog = request.user.blog
    username = request.user.username
    if request.method=="POST":
        file = request.FILES.get('myfile')
        user_obj = models.UserInfo.objects.get(blog=blog)
        user_obj.avatar = file
        user_obj.save()
        return JsonResponse({'url':'/home','code':'100'})
    return render(request,'set_avatar.html',locals())

首页后端代码

前端：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<nav class="navbar navbar-inverse">
    <div class="container-fluid">
        <!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display -->
        <div class="navbar-header">
            <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse"
                    data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false">
                <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
                <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            </button>
            <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">博客园</a>
        </div>

        <!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling -->
        <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
            <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
            </ul>
            <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
                {% if request.user.is_authenticated %}
                    <li><a href="/{{ request.user.username }}/GL">{{ request.user.username }}</a></li>
                    <li class="dropdown">
                        <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true"
                           aria-expanded="false">更多操做<span class="caret"></span></a>
                        <ul class="dropdown-menu">
                            <li><a href="/set_password">修改密码</a></li>
                            <li><a href="/set_avatar">修改头像</a></li>
                            <li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
                            <li><a href="/logout">注销</a></li>
                            {% else %}
                            <li><a href="/login">登陆</a></li>
                            <li><a href="/register">注册</a></li>
                        </ul>
                    </li>{% endif %}
            </ul>
        </div><!-- /.navbar-collapse -->
    </div><!-- /.container-fluid -->
</nav>
<div class="container-fluid">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-2">
            <div class="panel panel-primary">
                <div class="panel-heading">
                    <h3 class="panel-title">广告位</h3>
                </div>
                <div class="panel-body">
                    广告位招租
                </div>
                <div class="panel-body">
                    广告位招租
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="panel panel-danger">
                <div class="panel-heading">
                    <h3 class="panel-title">广告位</h3>
                </div>
                <div class="panel-body">
                    广告位招租
                </div>
                <div class="panel-body">
                    广告位招租
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="panel panel-success">
                <div class="panel-heading">
                    <h3 class="panel-title">广告位</h3>
                </div>
                <div class="panel-body">
                    广告位招租
                </div>
                <div class="panel-body">
                    广告位招租
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="col-md-8">
            {% for article in article_list %}
            <div class="media">
                <div class="media-left">
                    <a href="#">
                        <img class="media-object" data-src="holder.js/64x64" alt="64x64"
                             src="/media/{{ article.blog.userinfo.avatar }}"
                             data-holder-rendered="true" style="width: 64px; height: 64px;">
                    </a>
                </div>
                <div class="media-body">
                    <h4 class="media-heading"><a href="/{{ article.blog.userinfo.username }}/{{ article.id }}">{{ article.title }}</a></h4>
                    {{ article.desc }}
                    <div>
                        <span>发布时间：{{ article.create_time }} 点赞数:{{ article.up_num }} 评论数:{{ article.comment_num}}</span>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
            {% endfor %}
        </div>
        <div class="col-md-2">
            <div class="panel panel-primary">
                <div class="panel-heading">
                    <h3 class="panel-title">广告位</h3>
                </div>
                <div class="panel-body">
                    广告位招租
                </div>
                <div class="panel-body">
                    广告位招租
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="panel panel-danger">
                <div class="panel-heading">
                    <h3 class="panel-title">广告位</h3>
                </div>
                <div class="panel-body">
                    广告位招租
                </div>
                <div class="panel-body">
                    广告位招租
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="panel panel-success">
                <div class="panel-heading">
                    <h3 class="panel-title">广告位</h3>
                </div>
                <div class="panel-body">
                    广告位招租
                </div>
                <div class="panel-body">
                    广告位招租
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

首页前端

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-lg-6">
            {% csrf_token %}
            <label for="file_id"> 头像
                <img data-src="holder.js/140x140" class="img-rounded" alt="140x140" style="width: 140px; height: 140px;"
                     src="/media/{{ request.user.avatar }}" data-holder-rendered="true" id="img_id">
            </label>
            <input type="file" id="file_id" class="hidden">
            <p><input type="button" id="button_id" value="修改"></p>

        </div>

    </div>
</div>
<script>
    $('#file_id').change(function () {
        var file = $(this)[0].files[0];
        var read = new FileReader();
        read.readAsDataURL(file);
        read.onload = function () {
            $('#img_id').attr('src', read.result)
        }
    });
    $('#button_id').click(function () {
    var formdata=new FormData();
     formdata.append('myfile',$('#file_id')[0].files[0]);
     formdata.append('csrfmiddlewaretoken',$("[name='csrfmiddlewaretoken']").val());
    $.ajax({
        url:"",
        type:'post',
        data:formdata,
        processData: false,
        contentType: false,
        success:function (data) {
          if(data.code==100){
            location.href=data.url
          }
        }
    })
})
</script>
</body>
</html>

修改头像前端

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <h1 class="text-center">修改密码</h1>
    <div class="row">
        <form class="col-lg-offset-3 col-lg-6">
            {% csrf_token %}
            <div class="form-group">
                <label for="id_username">用户名</label>
                <input type="text" class="form-control" id="id_username" placeholder="用户名" value={{ request.user.username }} disabled>
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <label for="id_password">密码</label>
                <input type="password" class="form-control" id="id_password" placeholder="密码">
            </div>
             <div class="form-group">
                <label for="id_password2">新密码</label>
                <input type="password" class="form-control" id="id_password2" placeholder="密码">
            </div>
             <div class="form-group">
                <label for="id_password3">重复新密码</label>
                <input type="password" class="form-control" id="id_password3" placeholder="密码">
            </div>

            <div><input type="button" id="button_id" value="修改" class="btn btn-primary"></div>
            <div> <span id="error" style="color: red"></span></div>
        </form>
    </div>
</div>
<script>
    $('#button_id').click(function () {
        $.ajax({
            url:'',
            type:'post',
            data:{
                'password':$('#id_password').val(),
                'new_password':$('#id_password2').val(),
                're_new_password':$('#id_password3').val(),
                'csrfmiddlewaretoken':$("[name='csrfmiddlewaretoken']").val()
            },
            success:function (data) {
                if(data.code==100){
                    location.href=data.url
                }
                else {
                    $('#error').html(data.msg)
                }
            }
        })
    })
</script>
</body>
</body>
</html>

修改密码前端