最近，随着智能穿戴式设备、智能医疗以及智能家居的普及，蓝牙开发在移动开中显得很是的重要。因为公司须要，研究了一下，蓝牙4.0在Android中的应用。如下是个人一些总结。android
1.先介绍一下关于蓝牙4.0中的一些名词吧：
(1)GATT(Gneric Attibute Profile)
经过ble链接，读写属性类小数据Profile通用的规范。如今全部的ble应用Profile 都是基于GATT (2)ATT(Attribute Protocal) GATT是基于ATT Potocal的ATT针对BLE设备专门作的具体就是传输过程当中使用尽可能少的数据，每一个属性都有个惟一的UUID，属性chartcteristics and Service的形式传输。 (3)Service是Characteristic的集合。 (4).Characteristic 特征类型。 好比。有个蓝牙ble的血压计。他可能包括多个Servvice，每一个Service有包括多个Characteristic 注意：蓝牙ble只能支持Android 4.3以上的系统 SDK>=18数组
2.如下是开发的步骤：
2.1首先获取BluetoothManager
BluetoothManager bluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);async
2.2获取BluetoothAdapter
BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = bluetoothManager.getAdapter();ide
2.3建立BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback
private BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback mLeScanCallback = new BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback() {oop
@Override
public void onLeScan(final BluetoothDevice device, int rssi, final byte[] scanRecord) {
runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
String struuid = NumberUtils.bytes2HexString(NumberUtils.reverseBytes(scanRecord)).replace("-", "").toLowerCase();
if (device!=null && struuid.contains(DEVICE_UUID_PREFIX.toLowerCase())) {
mBluetoothDevices.add(device);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
};
2.4.开始搜索设备。
mBluetoothAdapter.startLeScan(mLeScanCallback);ui
2.5.BluetoothDevice 描述了一个蓝牙设备 提供了getAddress()设备Mac地址,getName()设备的名称。
2.6开始链接设备
/** * Connects to the GATT server hosted on the Bluetooth LE device. * * @param address * The device address of the destination device. * * @return Return true if the connection is initiated successfully. The * connection result is reported asynchronously through the * {@code BluetoothGattCallback#onConnectionStateChange(android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt, int, int)} * callback. */ public boolean connect(final String address) { if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || address == null) { Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized or unspecified address."); return false; }this
// Previously connected device. Try to reconnect. (先前链接的设备。 尝试从新链接)
if (mBluetoothDeviceAddress != null && address.equals(mBluetoothDeviceAddress) && mBluetoothGatt != null) {
Log.d(TAG, "Trying to use an existing mBluetoothGatt for connection.");
if (mBluetoothGatt.connect()) {
mConnectionState = STATE_CONNECTING;
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}
final BluetoothDevice device = mBluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(address);
if (device == null) {
Log.w(TAG, "Device not found. Unable to connect.");
return false;
}
// We want to directly connect to the device, so we are setting the
// autoConnect
// parameter to false.
mBluetoothGatt = device.connectGatt(this, false, mGattCallback);
Log.d(TAG, "Trying to create a new connection.");
mBluetoothDeviceAddress = address;
mConnectionState = STATE_CONNECTING;
return true;
}
2.7链接到设备以后获取设备的服务(Service)和服务对应的Characteristic。
// Demonstrates how to iterate through the supported GATT
// Services/Characteristics.
// In this sample, we populate the data structure that is bound to the
// ExpandableListView
// on the UI.
private void displayGattServices(List<BluetoothGattService> gattServices) {
if (gattServices == null)
return;
String uuid = null;
ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> gattServiceData = new ArrayList<>();
ArrayList<ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>> gattCharacteristicData = new ArrayList<>();
mGattCharacteristics = new ArrayList<>();
// Loops through available GATT Services.
for (BluetoothGattService gattService : gattServices) {
HashMap<String, String> currentServiceData = new HashMap<>();
uuid = gattService.getUuid().toString();
if (uuid.contains("ba11f08c-5f14-0b0d-1080")) {//服务的uuid
//System.out.println("this gattService UUID is:" + gattService.getUuid().toString());
currentServiceData.put(LIST_NAME, "Service_OX100");
currentServiceData.put(LIST_UUID, uuid);
gattServiceData.add(currentServiceData);
ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> gattCharacteristicGroupData = new ArrayList<>();
List<BluetoothGattCharacteristic> gattCharacteristics = gattService.getCharacteristics();
ArrayList<BluetoothGattCharacteristic> charas = new ArrayList<>();
// Loops through available Characteristics.
for (BluetoothGattCharacteristic gattCharacteristic : gattCharacteristics) {
charas.add(gattCharacteristic);
HashMap<String, String> currentCharaData = new HashMap<>();
uuid = gattCharacteristic.getUuid().toString();
if (uuid.toLowerCase().contains("cd01")) {
currentCharaData.put(LIST_NAME, "cd01");
} else if (uuid.toLowerCase().contains("cd02")) {
currentCharaData.put(LIST_NAME, "cd02");
} else if (uuid.toLowerCase().contains("cd03")) {
currentCharaData.put(LIST_NAME, "cd03");
} else if (uuid.toLowerCase().contains("cd04")) {
currentCharaData.put(LIST_NAME, "cd04");
} else {
currentCharaData.put(LIST_NAME, "write");
}
currentCharaData.put(LIST_UUID, uuid);
gattCharacteristicGroupData.add(currentCharaData);
}
mGattCharacteristics.add(charas);
gattCharacteristicData.add(gattCharacteristicGroupData);
mCharacteristicCD01 = gattService.getCharacteristic(UUID.fromString("0000cd01-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"));
mCharacteristicCD02 = gattService.getCharacteristic(UUID.fromString("0000cd02-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"));
mCharacteristicCD03 = gattService.getCharacteristic(UUID.fromString("0000cd03-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"));
mCharacteristicCD04 = gattService.getCharacteristic(UUID.fromString("0000cd04-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"));
mCharacteristicWrite = gattService.getCharacteristic(UUID.fromString("0000cd20-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"));
//System.out.println("=======================Set Notification==========================");
// 开始顺序监听，第一个：CD01
mBluetoothLeService.setCharacteristicNotification(mCharacteristicCD01, true);
mBluetoothLeService.setCharacteristicNotification(mCharacteristicCD02, true);
mBluetoothLeService.setCharacteristicNotification(mCharacteristicCD03, true);
mBluetoothLeService.setCharacteristicNotification(mCharacteristicCD04, true);
}
}
}
###2.8获取到特征以后，找到服务中能够向下位机写指令的特征，向该特征写入指令。 public void wirteCharacteristic(BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {code
if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {
Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");
return;
}
mBluetoothGatt.writeCharacteristic(characteristic);
}
###2.9写入成功以后，开始读取设备返回来的数据。 private final BluetoothGattCallback mGattCallback = new BluetoothGattCallback() { @Override public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status, int newState) { String intentAction; //System.out.println("=======status:" + status); if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED) { intentAction = ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED; mConnectionState = STATE_CONNECTED; broadcastUpdate(intentAction); Log.i(TAG, "Connected to GATT server."); // Attempts to discover services after successful connection. Log.i(TAG, "Attempting to start service discovery:" + mBluetoothGatt.discoverServices());server
} else if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_DISCONNECTED) {
intentAction = ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED;
mConnectionState = STATE_DISCONNECTED;
Log.i(TAG, "Disconnected from GATT server.");
broadcastUpdate(intentAction);
}
}
@Override
public void onServicesDiscovered(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status) {
if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
broadcastUpdate(ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED);
} else {
Log.w(TAG, "onServicesDiscovered received: " + status);
}
}
//从特征中读取数据
@Override
public void onCharacteristicRead(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {
//System.out.println("onCharacteristicRead");
if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic);
}
}
//向特征中写入数据
@Override
public void onCharacteristicWrite(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {
//System.out.println("--------write success----- status:" + status);
}
/*
* when connected successfully will callback this method this method can
* dealwith send password or data analyze
*当链接成功将回调该方法
*/
@Override
public void onCharacteristicChanged(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic);
if (characteristic.getValue() != null) {
//System.out.println(characteristic.getStringValue(0));
}
//System.out.println("--------onCharacteristicChanged-----");
}
@Override
public void onDescriptorWrite(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor, int status) {
//System.out.println("onDescriptorWriteonDescriptorWrite = " + status + ", descriptor =" + descriptor.getUuid().toString());
UUID uuid = descriptor.getCharacteristic().getUuid();
if (uuid.equals(UUID.fromString("0000cd01-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"))) {
broadcastUpdate(ACTION_CD01NOTIDIED);
} else if (uuid.equals(UUID.fromString("0000cd02-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"))) {
broadcastUpdate(ACTION_CD02NOTIDIED);
} else if (uuid.equals(UUID.fromString("0000cd03-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"))) {
broadcastUpdate(ACTION_CD03NOTIDIED);
} else if (uuid.equals(UUID.fromString("0000cd04-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"))) {
broadcastUpdate(ACTION_CD04NOTIDIED);
}
}
@Override
public void onReadRemoteRssi(BluetoothGatt gatt, int rssi, int status) {
//System.out.println("rssi = " + rssi);
}
};
----------------------------------------------
//从特征中读取数据
@Override
public void onCharacteristicRead(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {
//System.out.println("onCharacteristicRead");
if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic);
}
}
###2.十、断开链接 /** * Disconnects an existing connection or cancel a pending connection. The * disconnection result is reported asynchronously through the * {@code BluetoothGattCallback#onConnectionStateChange(android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt, int, int)} * callback. */ public void disconnect() { if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) { Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized"); return; } mBluetoothGatt.disconnect(); } ###2.十一、数据的转换方法 // byte转十六进制字符串 public static String bytes2HexString(byte[] bytes) { String ret = ""; for (byte aByte : bytes) { String hex = Integer.toHexString(aByte & 0xFF); if (hex.length() == 1) { hex = '0' + hex; } ret += hex.toUpperCase(Locale.CHINA); } return ret; }ip
/** * 将16进制的字符串转换为字节数组 * * @param message * @return 字节数组 */ public static byte[] getHexBytes(String message) { int len = message.length() / 2; char[] chars = message.toCharArray(); String[] hexStr = new String[len]; byte[] bytes = new byte[len]; for (int i = 0, j = 0; j < len; i += 2, j++) { hexStr[j] = "" + chars[i] + chars[i + 1]; bytes[j] = (byte) Integer.parseInt(hexStr[j], 16); } return bytes; }
大概总体就是如上的步骤。可是也是要具体根据厂家的协议来实现通讯的过程。
###就那一个咱们项目中的demo说一下。 一个蓝牙ble的血压计。 上位机---手机 下位机 -- 血压计 1.血压计与手机链接蓝牙以后。 2.上位机主动向下位机发送一个身份验证指令，下位机收到指令后开始给上位作应答， 3.应答成功，下位机会将测量的血压数据传送到上位机。 4.最后断开链接。