在看Cobbler以前请你们先看一下Kickstart无人值守安装，了解一下Cobbler的实现原理。可是Cobbler是独立的，不须要先安装Kickstart而后再安装Cobbler，这是写给不了解Kickstart的人看的。html
1. Cobbler介绍
Cobbler是一个Linux服务器安装的服务，能够经过网络启动(PXE)的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机，同时还能够管理DHCP，DNS等。node
Cobbler可使用命令行方式管理，也提供了基于Web的界面管理工具(cobbler-web)，还提供了API接口，能够方便二次开发使用。python
Cobbler是较早前的kickstart的升级版，优势是比较容易配置，还自带web界面比较易于管理。linux
Cobbler内置了一个轻量级配置管理系统，但它也支持和其它配置管理系统集成，如Puppet，暂时不支持SaltStack。ios
Cobbler官网git
1.1 Cobbler集成的服务
- PXE服务支持
- DHCP服务管理
- DNS服务管理(可选bind,dnsmasq)
- 电源管理
- Kickstart服务支持
- YUM仓库管理
- TFTP(PXE启动时须要)
- Apache(提供kickstart的安装源，并提供定制化的kickstart配置)
1.2 系统环境准备
[root@linux-node1 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-releaseCentOS release 6.7 (Final)[root@linux-node1 ~]# uname -r2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64[root@linux-node1 ~]# getenforceDisabled[root@linux-node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/iptables statusiptables: Firewall is not running.[root@linux-node1 ~]# ifconfig eth0|awk -F "[ :]+" 'NR==2 {print $4}'10.0.0.7[root@linux-node1 ~]# hostnamelinux-node1.example.com# 配置阿里云的epel源[root@linux-node1 ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo
注意：github
- 虚拟机网卡采用NAT模式，不要使用桥接模式，由于稍后咱们会搭建DHCP服务器，在同一局域网多个DHCP服务会有冲突。
- VMware的NAT模式的dhcp服务也关闭，避免干扰。
2. Cobbler安装配置
2.1 安装Cobbler
[root@linux-node1 ~]# yum -y install cobbler cobbler-web dhcp tftp-server pykickstart httpd[root@linux-node1 ~]# rpm -ql cobbler # 查看安装的文件，下面列出部分。/etc/cobbler # 配置文件目录/etc/cobbler/settings # cobbler主配置文件，这个文件是YAML格式，Cobbler是python写的程序。/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template # DHCP服务的配置模板/etc/cobbler/tftpd.template # tftp服务的配置模板/etc/cobbler/rsync.template # rsync服务的配置模板/etc/cobbler/iso # iso模板配置文件目录/etc/cobbler/pxe # pxe模板文件目录/etc/cobbler/power # 电源的配置文件目录/etc/cobbler/users.conf # Web服务受权配置文件/etc/cobbler/users.digest # 用于web访问的用户名密码配置文件/etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template # DNS服务的配置模板/etc/cobbler/modules.conf # Cobbler模块配置文件/var/lib/cobbler # Cobbler数据目录/var/lib/cobbler/config # 配置文件/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts # 默认存放kickstart文件/var/lib/cobbler/loaders # 存放的各类引导程序/var/www/cobbler # 系统安装镜像目录/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror # 导入的系统镜像列表/var/www/cobbler/images # 导入的系统镜像启动文件/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror # yum源存储目录/var/log/cobbler # 日志目录/var/log/cobbler/install.log # 客户端系统安装日志/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log # cobbler日志
2.2 配置Cobbler
[root@linux-node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd restart中止 httpd： [失败]正在启动 httpd： [肯定][root@linux-node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/cobblerd startStarting cobbler daemon: [肯定][root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler check # 检查Cobbler的配置，若是看不到下面的结果，再次执行/etc/init.d/cobblerd restartThe following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work. This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.3 : some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.4 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/rsync5 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories6 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one7 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use themRestart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.# 看着上面的结果，一个一个解决。# 第一、二、6个问题，顺便修改其余功能[root@linux-node1 ~]# cp /etc/cobbler/settings{,.ori} # 备份# server，Cobbler服务器的IP。sed -i 's/server: 127.0.0.1/server: 10.0.0.7/' /etc/cobbler/settings# next_server，若是用Cobbler管理DHCP，修改本项，做用不解释，看kickstart。sed -i 's/next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 10.0.0.7/' /etc/cobbler/settings# 用Cobbler管理DHCPsed -i 's/manage_dhcp: 0/manage_dhcp: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings# 防止循环装系统，适用于服务器第一启动项是PXE启动。sed -i 's/pxe_just_once: 0/pxe_just_once: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings# 设置新装系统的默认root密码123456。下面的命令来源于提示6。random-phrase-here为干扰码，能够自行设定。[root@linux-node1 ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt 'oldboy' '123456'$1$oldboy$Npg9Pt9k98Mlg0ZeqHAuN1[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settingsdefault_password_crypted: "$1$oldboy$Npg9Pt9k98Mlg0ZeqHAuN1"# 第3个问题[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler get-loaders # 会自动从官网下载[root@linux-node1 ~]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/ # 下载的内容[root@linux-node1 loaders]# lsCOPYING.elilo COPYING.yaboot grub-x86_64.efi menu.c32 READMECOPYING.syslinux elilo-ia64.efi grub-x86.efi pxelinux.0 yaboot# 第4个问题[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/rsyncdisable = no[root@linux-node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/xinetd restart中止 xinetd： [肯定]正在启动 xinetd： [肯定][root@linux-node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/cobblerd restartStopping cobbler daemon: [肯定]Starting cobbler daemon: [肯定][root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler checkThe following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:1 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories # 和debian系统相关，不须要2 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them # fence设备相关，不须要Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
2.3 配置DHCP
# 修改cobbler的dhcp模版，不要直接修改dhcp自己的配置文件，由于cobbler会覆盖。[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template# 仅列出修改过的字段……subnet 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {option routers 10.0.0.2;option domain-name-servers 10.0.0.2;option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;range dynamic-bootp 10.0.0.100 10.0.0.200;……
2.4 同步cobbler配置
# 同步最新cobbler配置，它会根据配置自动修改dhcp等服务。[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler sync # 同步全部配置，能够仔细看一下sync作了什么。task started: 2015-12-03_204822_synctask started (id=Sync, time=Thu Dec 3 20:48:22 2015)running pre-sync triggerscleaning treesremoving: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/defaultremoving: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/imagescopying bootloaderstrying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0copying: /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboottrying hardlink /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisktrying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efitrying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.eficopying distros to tftpbootcopying imagesgenerating PXE configuration filesgenerating PXE menu structurerendering DHCP filesgenerating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.confrendering TFTPD filesgenerating /etc/xinetd.d/tftpcleaning link cachesrunning post-sync triggersrunning python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_servicesrunning: dhcpd -t -qreceived on stdout:received on stderr:running: service dhcpd restartreceived on stdout: 关闭 dhcpd：[肯定]正在启动 dhcpd：[肯定]received on stderr:running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_trackrunning shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/**** TASK COMPLETE ***# 再看一下dhcp的配置文件。[root@linux-node1 ~]# less /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf# ******************************************************************# Cobbler managed dhcpd.conf file# generated from cobbler dhcp.conf template (Thu Dec 3 12:48:23 2015)# Do NOT make changes to /etc/dhcpd.conf. Instead, make your changes# in /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template, as /etc/dhcpd.conf will be# overwritten.# ******************************************************************ddns-update-style interim;…………
2.5 开机启动
# 启动相关服务并设置开机启动(可选) 与第二种方法二选一chkconfig httpd onchkconfig xinetd onchkconfig cobblerd onchkconfig dhcpd on/etc/init.d/httpd restart/etc/init.d/xinetd restart/etc/init.d/cobblerd restart/etc/init.d/dhcpd restart# 编写Cobbler相关服务启动脚本(可选)cat >>/etc/init.d/cobbler<<EOF#!/bin/bash# chkconfig: 345 80 90# description:cobblercase \$1 instart)/etc/init.d/httpd start/etc/init.d/xinetd start/etc/init.d/dhcpd start/etc/init.d/cobblerd start;;stop)/etc/init.d/httpd stop/etc/init.d/xinetd stop/etc/init.d/dhcpd stop/etc/init.d/cobblerd stop;;restart)/etc/init.d/httpd restart/etc/init.d/xinetd restart/etc/init.d/dhcpd restart/etc/init.d/cobblerd restart;;status)/etc/init.d/httpd status/etc/init.d/xinetd status/etc/init.d/dhcpd status/etc/init.d/cobblerd status;;sync)cobbler sync;;*)echo "Input error,please in put 'start|stop|restart|status|sync'!"exit 2;;esacEOF# chmod +x /etc/init.d/cobbler# chkconfig cobbler on
3. Cobbler的命令行管理
3.1 查看命令帮助
[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobblerusage=====cobbler <distro|profile|system|repo|image|mgmtclass|package|file> ... [add|edit|copy|getks*|list|remove|rename|report] [options|--help]cobbler <aclsetup|buildiso|import|list|replicate|report|reposync|sync|validateks|version|signature|get-loaders|hardlink> [options|--help][root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler import --help # 导入镜像Usage: cobbler [options]Options:-h, --help show this help message and exit--arch=ARCH OS architecture being imported--breed=BREED the breed being imported--os-version=OS_VERSIONthe version being imported--path=PATH local path or rsync location--name=NAME name, ex 'RHEL-5'--available-as=AVAILABLE_AStree is here, don't mirror--kickstart=KICKSTART_FILEassign this kickstart file--rsync-flags=RSYNC_FLAGSpass additional flags to rsynccobbler check 核对当前设置是否有问题cobbler list 列出全部的cobbler元素cobbler report 列出元素的详细信息cobbler sync 同步配置到数据目录,更改配置最好都要执行下cobbler reposync 同步yum仓库cobbler distro 查看导入的发行版系统信息cobbler system 查看添加的系统信息cobbler profile 查看配置信息
3.2 导入镜像
[root@linux-node1 ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/ # 挂载CentOS7的系统镜像。# 导入系统镜像[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --name=CentOS-7.1-x86_64 --arch=x86_64# --path 镜像路径# --name 为安装源定义一个名字# --arch 指定安装源是32位、64位、ia64, 目前支持的选项有: x86│x86_64│ia64# 安装源的惟一标示就是根据name参数来定义，本例导入成功后，安装源的惟一标示就是：CentOS-7.1-x86_64，若是重复，系统会提示导入失败。[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler distro list # 查看镜像列表CentOS-7.1-x86_64# 镜像存放目录，cobbler会将镜像中的全部安装文件拷贝到本地一份，放在/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror下的CentOS-7.1-x86_64目录下。所以/var/www/cobbler目录必须具备足够容纳安装文件的空间。[root@linux-node1 ~]# cd /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/[root@linux-node1 ks_mirror]# lsCentOS-7.1-x86_64 config[root@linux-node1 ks_mirror]# ls CentOS-7.1-x86_64/CentOS_BuildTag GPL LiveOS RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7EFI images Packages RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7EULA isolinux repodata TRANS.TBL
3.3 指定ks.cfg文件及调整内核参数
# Cobbler的ks.cfg文件存放位置[root@linux-node1 ks_mirror]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/[root@linux-node1 kickstarts]# ls # 自带不少default.ks install_profiles sample_autoyast.xml sample_esxi4.ks sample_old.seedesxi4-ks.cfg legacy.ks sample_end.ks（默认使用的ks文件） sample_esxi5.ks sample.seedesxi5-ks.cfg pxerescue.ks sample_esx4.ks sample.ks[root@linux-node1 kickstarts]# rz # 上传准备好的ks文件rz waiting to receive.Starting zmodem transfer. Press Ctrl+C to cancel.Transferring Cobbler-CentOS-7.1-x86_64.cfg...100% 1 KB 1 KB/sec 00:00:01 0 Errors[root@linux-node1 kickstarts]# mv Cobbler-CentOS-7.1-x86_64.cfg CentOS-7.1-x86_64.cfg# 在第一次导入系统镜像后，Cobbler会给镜像指定一个默认的kickstart自动安装文件在/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts下的sample_end.ks。[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler listdistros:CentOS-7.1-x86_64profiles:CentOS-7.1-x86_64systems:repos:images:mgmtclasses:packages:files:# 查看安装镜像文件信息[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler distro report --name=CentOS-7.1-x86_64Name : CentOS-7.1-x86_64Architecture : x86_64TFTP Boot Files : {}Breed : redhatComment :Fetchable Files : {}Initrd : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.1-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.imgKernel : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.1-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuzKernel Options : {}Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}Kickstart Metadata : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/CentOS-7.1-x86_64'}Management Classes : []OS Version : rhel7Owners : ['admin']Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>>Template Files : {}# 查看全部的profile设置[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler profile report# 查看指定的profile设置[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler profile report --name=CentOS-7.1-x86_64Name : CentOS-7.1-x86_64TFTP Boot Files : {}Comment :DHCP Tag : defaultDistribution : CentOS-7.1-x86_64Enable gPXE? : 0Enable PXE Menu? : 1Fetchable Files : {}Kernel Options : {}Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks -->默认ks文件Kickstart Metadata : {}Management Classes : []Management Parameters : <<inherit>>Name Servers : []Name Servers Search Path : []Owners : ['admin']Parent Profile :Internal proxy :Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>>Repos : []Server Override : <<inherit>>Template Files : {}Virt Auto Boot : 1Virt Bridge : xenbr0Virt CPUs : 1Virt Disk Driver Type : rawVirt File Size(GB) : 5Virt Path :Virt RAM (MB) : 512Virt Type : kvm# 编辑profile，修改关联的ks文件[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-7.1-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7.1-x86_64.cfg# 修改安装系统的内核参数，在CentOS7系统有一个地方变了，就是网卡名变成eno16777736这种形式，可是为了运维标准化，咱们须要将它变成咱们经常使用的eth0，所以使用下面的参数。但要注意是CentOS7才须要下面的步骤，CentOS6不须要。[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-7.1-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler profile report CentOS-7.1-x86_64Name : CentOS-7.1-x86_64TFTP Boot Files : {}Comment :DHCP Tag : defaultDistribution : CentOS-7.1-x86_64Enable gPXE? : 0Enable PXE Menu? : 1Fetchable Files : {}Kernel Options : {'biosdevname': '0', 'net.ifnames': '0'}Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7.1-x86_64.cfgKickstart Metadata : {}Management Classes : []Management Parameters : <<inherit>>Name Servers : []Name Servers Search Path : []Owners : ['admin']Parent Profile :Internal proxy :Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>>Repos : []Server Override : <<inherit>>Template Files : {}Virt Auto Boot : 1Virt Bridge : xenbr0Virt CPUs : 1Virt Disk Driver Type : rawVirt File Size(GB) : 5Virt Path :Virt RAM (MB) : 512Virt Type : kvm# 每次修改完都要同步一次[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler sync
3.4 安装系统
能够很愉快的告诉你到这里就能够安装系统了！web
新建一台虚拟机，不解释，开机就能够看到下面的图片了！shell
** 有没有发现不美观的地方？**vim
网址不是个人！改！
#修改Cobbler提示[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/pxe/pxedefault.templateMENU TITLE Cobbler | http://www.zyops.com[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler sync # 修改配置都要同步
OK，如今好看多了。选择第二项就能够继续装机了。你可让系统飞着，而后接着看下文！！
4. ks.cfg文件简析
文件大部分参数含义见kickstart文章，此处只讲一些不一样的地方。同时能够参考模板文件。
[root@linux-node1 kickstarts]# cat CentOS-7.1-x86_64.cfg# Cobbler for Kickstart Configurator for CentOS 7.1 by yao zhanginstallurl --url=$tree # 这些$开头的变量都是调用配置文件里的值。textlang en_US.UTF-8keyboard uszerombrbootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet"# Network information$SNIPPET('network_config')timezone --utc Asia/Shanghaiauthconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_cryptedclearpart --all --initlabelpart /boot --fstype xfs --size 1024 # CentOS7系统磁盘默认格式xfspart swap --size 1024part / --fstype xfs --size 1 --growfirstboot --disableselinux --disabledfirewall --disabledlogging --level=inforeboot%pre$SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')$SNIPPET('kickstart_start')$SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')# Enable installation monitoring$SNIPPET('pre_anamon')%end%packages@base@compat-libraries@debugging@developmenttreenmapsysstatlrzszdos2unixtelnetiptrafncurses-developenssl-develzlib-develOpenIPMI-toolsscreen%end%postsystemctl disable postfix.service%end
5. 定制化安装
可能从学习kickstart开始就有人想怎样可以指定某台服务器使用指定ks文件，kickstart实现这功能可能比较复杂，可是Cobbler就很简单了。
区分一台服务器的最简单的方法就是物理MAC地址。
物理服务器的MAC地址在服务器上的标签上写了。
虚拟机的MAC查看
cobbler system add --name=oldboy --mac=00：0C：29：7F：2F：A1 --profile=CentOS-7.1-x86_64 --ip-address=10.0.0.111 --subnet=255.255.255.0 --gateway=10.0.0.2 --interface=eth0 --static=1 --hostname=oldboy.example.com --name-servers="114.114.114.114 8.8.8.8"# --name 自定义，但不能重复# 查看定义的列表[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler system listoldboy[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler sync
再次开机安装就再也不询问选择了，直接安装。
6. Cobbler的Web管理界面的安装与配置
已经安装cobbler-web软件。
访问网址：http://10.0.0.7/cobbler_web和https://10.0.0.7/cobbler_web
默认用户名：cobbler
默认密码 ：cobbler
/etc/cobbler/users.conf # Web服务受权配置文件/etc/cobbler/users.digest # 用于web访问的用户名密码配置文件[root@linux-node1 ~]# cat /etc/cobbler/users.digestcobbler:Cobbler:a2d6bae81669d707b72c0bd9806e01f3# 设置Cobbler web用户登录密码# 在Cobbler组添加cobbler用户，提示输入2遍密码确认[root@linux-node1 ~]# htdigest /etc/cobbler/users.digest "Cobbler" cobblerChanging password for user cobbler in realm CobblerNew password: 123456Re-type new password:123456[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler sync[root@linux-node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd restart中止 httpd： [肯定]正在启动 httpd： [肯定][root@linux-node1 ~]# /etc/init.d/cobblerd restartStopping cobbler daemon: [肯定]Starting cobbler daemon: [肯定]
之后就须要用123456这个密码登陆了。
接下来的操做就是点点鼠标了。