Android进阶必学retrofit源码解析

时间 2019-11-21

标签 android 进阶必学 retrofit 源码解析栏目 Android 繁體版

原文原文链接

源码的分析将从基本的使用方法入手，分析retrofit的实现方案，以及其中涉及到的一些有趣的技巧。

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java

简单使用android

定义HTTP APIgit

public interface GitHubService {
  @GET("users/{user}/repos")
  Call<List<Repo>> listRepos(@Path("user") String user);
}
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建立Retrofit并生成API的实现

Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
    .baseUrl("https://api.github.com/")
    .build();
GitHubService service = retrofit.create(GitHubService.class);
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调用API方法，生成Call

Call<List<Repo>> repos = service.listRepos("octocat");
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Retrofit的建立

retrofit实例的建立，使用了builder模式，从下面的源码中能够看出
github

public static final class Builder {
	Builder(Platform platform) {
		this.platform = platform;
		converterFactories.add(new BuiltInConverters());
	}
	public Builder() {
		// Platform.get()方法能够用于判断当前的环境
		this(Platform.get());
	}
	public Builder baseUrl(String baseUrl) {
      checkNotNull(baseUrl, "baseUrl == null");
      HttpUrl httpUrl = HttpUrl.parse(baseUrl);
      if (httpUrl == null) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal URL: " + baseUrl);
      }
      return baseUrl(httpUrl);
    }
	
	public Retrofit build() {
      if (baseUrl == null) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Base URL required.");
      }
      okhttp3.Call.Factory callFactory = this.callFactory;
      if (callFactory == null) {
        callFactory = new OkHttpClient();// 新建Client，留到以后newCall什么的
      }
      Executor callbackExecutor = this.callbackExecutor;
      if (callbackExecutor == null) {
        callbackExecutor = platform.defaultCallbackExecutor();
      }
      // Make a defensive copy of the adapters and add the default Call adapter.
      List<CallAdapter.Factory> adapterFactories = new ArrayList<>(this.adapterFactories);
      adapterFactories.add(platform.defaultCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor));
      // Make a defensive copy of the converters.
      List<Converter.Factory> converterFactories = new ArrayList<>(this.converterFactories);
      return new Retrofit(callFactory, baseUrl, converterFactories, adapterFactories,
          callbackExecutor, validateEagerly);
    }
}
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retrofit.create

好玩的地方开始了，咱们先来看看这个方法json

public <T> T create(final Class<T> service) {
  Utils.validateServiceInterface(service);
  if (validateEagerly) {
    eagerlyValidateMethods(service);
  }
  // 动态代理，啦啦啦
  return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(service.getClassLoader(), new Class<?>[] { service },
      new InvocationHandler() {
        // platform 能够分辨出你是在android，仍是java8，又或者别的
        private final Platform platform = Platform.get();
        @Override public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args)
            throws Throwable {
          // If the method is a method from Object then defer to normal invocation.
          // 这里的invoke，Object方法都走这里，好比equals、toString、hashCode什么的
          if (method.getDeclaringClass() == Object.class) {
            return method.invoke(this, args);
          }
          // java8默认方法，1.8的新特性
          if (platform.isDefaultMethod(method)) {
            return platform.invokeDefaultMethod(method, service, proxy, args);
          }
          // 这里是核心代码了
          ServiceMethod<Object, Object> serviceMethod =
              (ServiceMethod<Object, Object>) loadServiceMethod(method);
          OkHttpCall<Object> okHttpCall = new OkHttpCall<>(serviceMethod, args);
          return serviceMethod.callAdapter.adapt(okHttpCall);
        }
      });
}
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能够看出建立API使用了动态代理，根据接口动态生成的代理类，将接口的都转发给了负责链接代理类和委托类的InvocationHandler实例，接口方法也都经过其invoke方法来处理。在invoke方法中，首先会经过Platform.get()方法判断出当前代码的执行环境，以后会先把Object和Java8的默认方法进行一个处理，也是在进行后续处理以前进行去噪。其中的关键代码其实就是最后三句，这也是这篇文章将要分析的
api

建立ServiceMethod

erviceMethod<?, ?> loadServiceMethod(Method method) {
  // 从缓存里面取出，若是有的话，直接返回好了
  ServiceMethod<?, ?> result = serviceMethodCache.get(method);
  if (result != null) return result;
  synchronized (serviceMethodCache) {
    result = serviceMethodCache.get(method);
    if (result == null) {
      // 为null的话，解析方法的注解和返回类型、参数的注解he参数类型，新建一个ServiceMethod
      result = new ServiceMethod.Builder<>(this, method).build();// ->
      // 新建的ServiceMethod加到缓存列表里面
      serviceMethodCache.put(method, result);
    }
  }
  return result;
}
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注解的解析缓存

CallAdapter和Converter等到后面再分析，这里先看看parseMethodAnnotation(annotation)，功能和其名字同样，其对方法注解进行了解析bash

/**
 * 解析方法注解，呜啦啦
 * 经过判断注解类型来解析
 * @param annotation
 */
private void parseMethodAnnotation(Annotation annotation) {
  if (annotation instanceof DELETE) {
    parseHttpMethodAndPath("DELETE", ((DELETE) annotation).value(), false);
  } else if (annotation instanceof GET) {
    parseHttpMethodAndPath("GET", ((GET) annotation).value(), false);
  } 
  // 其余的一些方法注解的解析
  ...
}
private void parseHttpMethodAndPath(String httpMethod, String value, boolean hasBody) {
  if (this.httpMethod != null) {// 已经赋值过了
    throw methodError("Only one HTTP method is allowed. Found: %s and %s.",
        this.httpMethod, httpMethod);
  }
  this.httpMethod = httpMethod;
  this.hasBody = hasBody;
  // value为设置注解方法时候，设置的值，官方例子中的users/{user}/repos or user
  if (value.isEmpty()) {
    return;
  }
  // 查询条件的一些判断
    ...
  this.relativeUrl = value;
  this.relativeUrlParamNames = parsePathParameters(value);
}
`
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在解析注解时，先经过instanceof判断出注解的类型，以后调用parseHttpMethodAndPath方法解析注解参数值，并设置httpMethod、relativeUrl、relativeUrlParamNames等属性。上面说了API中方法注解的解析，如今来看看方法参数注解的解析，这是经过调用parseParameterAnnotation方法生成ParameterHandler实例来实现的，代码比较多，这里挑选@Query来看看。
架构

else if (annotation instanceof Query) {
Query query = (Query) annotation;
String name = query.value();
boolean encoded = query.encoded();
Class<?> rawParameterType = Utils.getRawType(type);// 返回基础的类
gotQuery = true;
// 能够迭代，Collection
if (Iterable.class.isAssignableFrom(rawParameterType)) {
  if (!(type instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
	throw parameterError(p, rawParameterType.getSimpleName()
		+ " must include generic type (e.g., "
		+ rawParameterType.getSimpleName()
		+ "<String>)");
  }
  ParameterizedType parameterizedType = (ParameterizedType) type;
  Type iterableType = Utils.getParameterUpperBound(0, parameterizedType);// 返回基本类型
  Converter<?, String> converter =
	  retrofit.stringConverter(iterableType, annotations);
  return new ParameterHandler.Query<>(name, converter, encoded).iterable();
} else if (rawParameterType.isArray()) {// Array
  Class<?> arrayComponentType = boxIfPrimitive(rawParameterType.getComponentType());// 若是是基本类型，自动装箱
  Converter<?, String> converter =
	  retrofit.stringConverter(arrayComponentType, annotations);
  return new ParameterHandler.Query<>(name, converter, encoded).array();
} else {// Other
  Converter<?, String> converter =
	  retrofit.stringConverter(type, annotations);
  return new ParameterHandler.Query<>(name, converter, encoded);
}
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在@Query中，将分红Collection、array、other三种状况处理参数，以后根据这些参数，调用ParameterHandler中的Query静态类，建立出一个ParameterHandler实例。这样循环直到解析了全部的参数注解，组合成为全局变量parameterHandlers，以后构建请求时会用到
异步

OkHttpCall

ServiceMethod建立完成以后，咱们来看看下一行代码中的OkHttpCall类，里面的包含了请求的执行和响应处理，咱们来看看异步请求的作法

OkHttpCall(ServiceMethod<T, ?> serviceMethod, Object[] args) {
  this.serviceMethod = serviceMethod;
  this.args = args;
}
@Override public void enqueue(final Callback<T> callback) {
checkNotNull(callback, "callback == null");
okhttp3.Call call;
Throwable failure;
synchronized (this) {
  if (executed) throw new IllegalStateException("Already executed.");
  executed = true;
  call = rawCall;
  failure = creationFailure;
  if (call == null && failure == null) {
	try {
	  call = rawCall = createRawCall();// 建立OkHttp3.Call
	} catch (Throwable t) {
	  failure = creationFailure = t;
	}
  }
}
if (failure != null) {
  callback.onFailure(this, failure);
  return;
}
if (canceled) {
  call.cancel();
}
call.enqueue(new okhttp3.Callback() {
  @Override public void onResponse(okhttp3.Call call, okhttp3.Response rawResponse)
	  throws IOException {
	Response<T> response;
	try {
	  response = parseResponse(rawResponse);// ->
	} catch (Throwable e) {
	  callFailure(e);
	  return;
	}
	callSuccess(response);
  }
  @Override public void onFailure(okhttp3.Call call, IOException e) {
	try {
	  callback.onFailure(OkHttpCall.this, e);
	} catch (Throwable t) {
	  t.printStackTrace();
	}
  }
  private void callFailure(Throwable e) {
	try {
	  callback.onFailure(OkHttpCall.this, e);
	} catch (Throwable t) {
	  t.printStackTrace();
	}
  }
  private void callSuccess(Response<T> response) {
	try {
	  callback.onResponse(OkHttpCall.this, response);
	} catch (Throwable t) {
	  t.printStackTrace();
	}
  }
});
}
private okhttp3.Call createRawCall() throws IOException {
  Request request = serviceMethod.toRequest(args);// 根据ParameterHandler组装Request.Builder，生成Request
  okhttp3.Call call = serviceMethod.callFactory.newCall(request);// Retrofit中建立的new OkHttpClient().newCall(request)
  ...
  return call;
}
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CallAdapter 如今来看看enqueue传入的参数callback,这个参数可能和不少人心中想的并不同，它并非用户在使用时传入的那个Callback对象。那么他是从哪里来的呢？不知道你还记不记得我以前在Retrofit.Builder.build()方法中提到过一句代码Platform.get()。在不使用addCallAdapterFactory的状况下。将会使用Platform的一种内部类，在Android环境下将会使用到Android类（这实际上是个策略模式）

static class Android extends Platform {
  @Override public Executor defaultCallbackExecutor() {
    return new MainThreadExecutor();
  }
  @Override CallAdapter.Factory defaultCallAdapterFactory(Executor callbackExecutor) {
    return new ExecutorCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor);
  }
  static class MainThreadExecutor implements Executor {
	// Looper.getMainLooper()就是为嘛响应会在主线程的缘由
    private final Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
    @Override public void execute(Runnable r) {
      handler.post(r);
    }
  }
}
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上面的代码先稍微放一下，咱们继续看retrofit.Bulider.build,其中有几句比较关键的代码

callFactory = new OkHttpClient();
callbackExecutor = platform.defaultCallbackExecutor();
adapterFactories.add(platform.defaultCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor));
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结合Android类中的代码能够看出，其最后生成了ExecutorCallAdapterFactory类。虽然看到了CallAdapter.Factory，可是究竟是哪里执行了enqueue方法呢？如今咱们来看看retrofit.create的最后一句代码serviceMethod.callAdapter.adapt(okHttpCall)

Converter

如今回到OkhttpCall.enqueue方法中，在其中还有一句重要的代码没有看，那就是response = parseResponse(rawResponse);,咱们来看看这其中作了什么。

Response<T> parseResponse(okhttp3.Response rawResponse) throws IOException
  ResponseBody rawBody = rawResponse.body();
  // Remove the body's source (the only stateful object) so we can pass th rawResponse = rawResponse.newBuilder() .body(new NoContentResponseBody(rawBody.contentType(), rawBody.conte .build(); ... ExceptionCatchingRequestBody catchingBody = new ExceptionCatchingRequestBody(rawBody); try { T body = serviceMethod.toResponse(catchingBody);// 解析body，好比Gson解析 return Response.success(body, rawResponse); } catch (RuntimeException e) { // If the underlying source threw an exception, propagate that rather // a runtime exception. catchingBody.throwIfCaught(); throw e; } } ### ServiceMethod R toResponse(ResponseBody body) throws IOException { return responseConverter.convert(body); } 复制代码

能够看出parseResponse最终调用了Converter.convert方法。这里以经常使用的GsonConverterFactory为例。

# GsonConverterFactory
@Override
public Converter<ResponseBody, ?> responseBodyConverter(Type type, Annotation[] annotations,
    Retrofit retrofit) {
  TypeAdapter<?> adapter = gson.getAdapter(TypeToken.get(type));
  return new GsonResponseBodyConverter<>(gson, adapter);
}
# GsonResponseBodyConverter
final class GsonResponseBodyConverter<T> implements Converter<ResponseBody, T> {
  private final Gson gson;
  private final TypeAdapter<T> adapter;
  GsonResponseBodyConverter(Gson gson, TypeAdapter<T> adapter) {
    this.gson = gson;
    this.adapter = adapter;
  }
  @Override public T convert(ResponseBody value) throws IOException {
    JsonReader jsonReader = gson.newJsonReader(value.charStream());
    try {
      return adapter.read(jsonReader);
    } finally {
      value.close();
    }
  }
}
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responseBodyConverter方法中用到的type参数就是以前我在CallAdapter中提到的responseType方法的返回值。生成adapter方法，用于convert方法使用。OkHttpCall在这以后的代码就比较简单了，经过回调将转换后得响应数据发送出去便可本文分析了Retrofit的执行流程，其实包含了Retrofit、ServiceMethod、OkHttpCall、CallAdapter、Converter等方面。Retrofit的代码相对是比较少，也比较容易理解的，不过倒是很好的架构实例。

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