[Swift]LeetCode210. 课程表 II | Course Schedule II

时间 2019-11-11

标签 swift leetcode210 leetcode 课程表 course schedule 栏目 Swift 繁體版

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There are a total of n courses you have to take, labeled from 0 to n-1.node

Some courses may have prerequisites, for example to take course 0 you have to first take course 1, which is expressed as a pair: [0,1]git

Given the total number of courses and a list of prerequisite pairs, return the ordering of courses you should take to finish all courses.github

There may be multiple correct orders, you just need to return one of them. If it is impossible to finish all courses, return an empty array.express

Example 1:数组

Input: 2, [[1,0]] 
Output: 
Explanation: There are a total of 2 courses to take. To take course 1 you should have finished   
             course 0. So the correct course order is [0,1][0,1] .

Example 2:微信

Input: 4, [[1,0],[2,0],[3,1],[3,2]]
Output: 
Explanation: There are a total of 4 courses to take. To take course 3 you should have finished both     
             courses 1 and 2. Both courses 1 and 2 should be taken after you finished course 0. 
             So one correct course order is . Another correct ordering is [0,1,2,3] or [0,2,1,3][0,1,2,3][0,2,1,3] .

Note:app

The input prerequisites is a graph represented by a list of edges, not adjacency matrices. Read more about how a graph is represented.
You may assume that there are no duplicate edges in the input prerequisites.

如今你总共有 n 门课须要选，记为 0 到 n-1。学习

在选修某些课程以前须要一些先修课程。例如，想要学习课程 0 ，你须要先完成课程 1 ，咱们用一个匹配来表示他们: [0,1]ui

给定课程总量以及它们的先决条件，返回你为了学完全部课程所安排的学习顺序。

可能会有多个正确的顺序，你只要返回一种就能够了。若是不可能完成全部课程，返回一个空数组。

示例 1:

输入: 2, [[1,0]] 
输出: 
解释: 总共有 2 门课程。要学习课程 1，你须要先完成课程 0。所以，正确的课程顺序为 [0,1][0,1] 。

示例 2:

输入: 4, [[1,0],[2,0],[3,1],[3,2]]
输出: 
解释: 总共有 4 门课程。要学习课程 3，你应该先完成课程 1 和课程 2。而且课程 1 和课程 2 都应该排在课程 0 以后。
     所以，一个正确的课程顺序是  。另外一个正确的排序是  。
[0,1,2,3] or [0,2,1,3][0,1,2,3][0,2,1,3]

说明:

输入的先决条件是由边缘列表表示的图形，而不是邻接矩阵。详情请参见图的表示法。
你能够假定输入的先决条件中没有重复的边。

提示:

这个问题至关于查找一个循环是否存在于有向图中。若是存在循环，则不存在拓扑排序，所以不可能选取全部课程进行学习。
经过 DFS 进行拓扑排序 - 一个关于Coursera的精彩视频教程（21分钟），介绍拓扑排序的基本概念。
拓扑排序也能够经过 BFS 完成。

104ms

 1 class Edge {
 2     
 3     let y: Int
 4     var next: Edge?
 5     
 6     init(_ y: Int) {
 7         self.y = y
 8     }
 9 }
10 
11 struct Graph {
12     
13     var edges: [Edge?]
14     var indegree: [Int]
15     
16     init(numOfVertices: Int) {
17         self.edges = [Edge?](repeating: nil, count: numOfVertices)
18         self.indegree = [Int](repeating: 0, count: numOfVertices)
19     }
20     
21     mutating func insertEdge(_ x: Int, _ y: Int) {
22         
23         let newEdge = Edge(y)
24         newEdge.next = edges[x]
25         
26         edges[x] = newEdge
27         indegree[y] += 1
28     }
29 }
30 
31 
32 class Solution {
33     func findOrder(_ numCourses: Int, _ prerequisites: [[Int]]) -> [Int] {
34         
35         var graph = createGraph(numCourses: numCourses, prerequisites: prerequisites)        
36         
37         var queue: [Int] = []
38         for x in 0..<graph.indegree.count {
39             if graph.indegree[x] == 0 {
40                 queue.append(x)
41             }
42         }
43         
44         var order: [Int] = []
45         
46         while !queue.isEmpty {
47             
48             var nextQueue: [Int] = []
49             
50             for x in queue {
51                 order.append(x)
52                 
53                 var edge = graph.edges[x]
54                 while let _edge = edge {
55                     let y = _edge.y
56                     graph.indegree[y] -= 1
57                     
58                     if graph.indegree[y] == 0 {
59                         nextQueue.append(y)
60                     }
61                     
62                     edge = _edge.next
63                 }
64             }
65             
66             queue = nextQueue
67         }
68         
69         return order.count == numCourses ? order : []
70     }
71     
72     func createGraph(numCourses: Int, prerequisites: [[Int]]) -> Graph {
73         
74         var graph = Graph(numOfVertices: numCourses)
75         
76         for pair in prerequisites {
77             let y = pair[0]
78             let x = pair[1]
79             
80             graph.insertEdge(x,y)
81         }
82         
83         return graph
84     }
85     
86 }

108ms

 1 class Solution {
 2     func findOrder(_ numCourses: Int, _ prerequisites: [[Int]]) -> [Int] {
 3 
 4         var graph = [[Int]](repeating:[Int](), count: numCourses)
 5         var coursesIn = Array(repeating: 0,  count: numCourses)
 6         var res = [Int]()
 7         for a in prerequisites {
 8             graph[a[1]].append(a[0])
 9             coursesIn[a[0]] += 1
10         }
11         var q = [Int]()
12         for i in coursesIn.indices {
13             if coursesIn[i] == 0 { q.append(i) }
14         }
15         while !q.isEmpty {
16             var t = q.removeFirst()
17             res.append(t)
18             for a in graph[t] {
19                 coursesIn[a] -= 1
20                             
21                 if coursesIn[a] == 0 { q.append(a) }
22 
23             }
24         }
25         if res.count != numCourses { res.removeAll() }
26         return res
27     }
28 }

108ms

 1 class Solution {
 2     func findOrder(_ numCourses: Int, _ prerequisites: [[Int]]) -> [Int] {
 3         var res:[Int] = [Int]()
 4         var graph:[[Int]] = [[Int]](repeating:[Int](),count:numCourses)
 5         var ins:[Int] = [Int](repeating:0,count:numCourses)
 6         for a in prerequisites
 7         {
 8             graph[a[1]].append(a[0])
 9             ins[a[0]] += 1
10         }
11         var q:[Int] = [Int]()
12         for i in 0..<numCourses
13         {
14             if ins[i] == 0
15             {
16                 q.append(i)
17             }
18         }
19         while(!q.isEmpty)
20         {
21             var t:Int = q.first!
22             res.append(t)
23             q.removeFirst()
24             for num in graph[t]
25             {
26                 ins[num] -= 1
27                 if ins[num] == 0
28                 {
29                     q.append(num)
30                 }
31             }
32         }
33         if res.count != numCourses
34         {
35             res.removeAll()
36         }
37         return res
38     }
39 }

112ms

 1 class Solution {
 2     func findOrder(_ numCourses: Int, _ prerequisites: [[Int]]) -> [Int] {
 3         if numCourses == 0 {
 4             return []
 5         } else if numCourses == 1 {
 6             return [0]
 7         }
 8         
 9         var inDegree = Array(repeating: 0, count: numCourses)
10         var graph = [Int: [Int]]()
11         for prerequisite in prerequisites {
12             inDegree[prerequisite[0]] += 1
13             graph[prerequisite[1], default: [Int]()].append(prerequisite[0])
14         }
15         var queue = [Int]()
16         for course in 0 ..< numCourses where inDegree[course] == 0{
17             queue.append(course)
18         }
19         var result = [Int]()
20         while !queue.isEmpty {
21             let course = queue.removeFirst()
22             result.append(course)
23             if let courses = graph[course] {
24                 for course in courses {
25                     inDegree[course] -= 1
26                     if inDegree[course] == 0 {
27                         queue.append(course)
28                     }
29                 }
30             }
31         }
32         return result.count == numCourses ? result : []
33     }
34 }

116ms

 1 class Course {
 2     let number: Int
 3     var dependents: [Int: Course]
 4     var numberOfPrereq: Int
 5 
 6     init(number: Int) {
 7         self.number = number
 8         dependents = [Int: Course]()
 9         numberOfPrereq = 0
10     }
11 }
12 
13 class Solution {
14     func findOrder(_ numCourses: Int, _ prerequisites: [[Int]]) -> [Int] {
15         var courses = [Course]()
16 
17         for courseNumber in 0..<numCourses {
18             courses.append(Course(number: courseNumber))
19         }
20 
21         // Build the graph
22         for prerequisite in prerequisites {
23             let courseNum = prerequisite[0]
24             let prerequisiteNum = prerequisite[1]
25 
26             let course = courses[courseNum]
27             let pre    = courses[prerequisiteNum]
28             course.numberOfPrereq += 1
29 
30             // Add an edge
31             pre.dependents[course.number] = course
32         }
33 
34         var result = [Int]()
35 
36         var stack = [Course]()
37         for courseNumber in 0..<numCourses {
38             let course = courses[courseNumber]
39             if course.numberOfPrereq == 0 {
40                 stack.append(course)
41             }
42         }
43 
44         while !stack.isEmpty {
45             let c = stack.removeLast()
46 
47             // Add to result
48             result.append(c.number)
49 
50             for el in c.dependents {
51                 // Remove edge
52                 c.dependents.removeValue(forKey: el.value.number)
53                 el.value.numberOfPrereq -= 1
54                 if el.value.numberOfPrereq == 0 {
55                     stack.append(el.value)
56                 }
57             }
58         }
59 
60         // Should have no edge left, otherwise we have a cycle
61         for course in courses {
62             if course.numberOfPrereq != 0 {
63                 return []
64             }
65         }
66 
67         return result
68     }
69 }

120ms

 1 class Solution {
 2     func findOrder(_ total: Int, _ courses: [[Int]]) -> [Int] {
 3          var dict: [Int: [Int]] = [:]
 4         var prev: [Int] = Array(repeating: 0, count: total)
 5         for course in courses {
 6             prev[course.first!] += 1
 7             dict[course.last!, default: []].append(course.first!)
 8         }
 9         var count = 0
10         var queue: [Int] = []
11         for (index, num) in prev.enumerated() {
12             if num == 0 {
13                 queue.append(index)
14             }
15         }
16         var res: [Int] = []
17         while !queue.isEmpty {
18             let num = queue.first!
19             queue.removeFirst()
20             res.append(num)
21             if let nextCourses = dict[num], !courses.isEmpty {
22                 for course in nextCourses {
23                     prev[course] -= 1
24                     if prev[course] == 0 {
25                         queue.append(course)
26                     }
27                 }
28             }
29         }
30         if res.count != total {
31             return []
32         }
33         return res
34     }
35 }

128ms

 1 class Edge {
 2     
 3     let y: Int
 4     var next: Edge?
 5     
 6     init(y: Int) {
 7         self.y = y
 8     }
 9 }
10 
11 struct Graph {
12     var edges: [Edge?]
13     var edgeCount: [Int]
14     var indegree: [Int]
15     
16     init(vertexCount: Int) {
17         self.edges = [Edge?](repeating: nil, count: vertexCount)
18         self.edgeCount = [Int](repeating: 0, count: vertexCount)
19         self.indegree = [Int](repeating: 0, count: vertexCount)
20     }
21 }
22 
23 class Solution {
24     
25     func findOrder(_ numCourses: Int, _ prerequisites: [[Int]]) -> [Int] {
26         guard numCourses > 0 else {
27             return []
28         }
29         guard numCourses > 1 else {
30             return [0]
31         }
32         
33         
34         var graph = graphFrom(numCourses: numCourses, prerequisites: prerequisites)
35         var courseOrder: [Int] = []
36         
37         var queue: [Int] = []
38         for x in 0..<graph.edges.count {
39             if graph.indegree[x] == 0 {
40                 queue.append(x)
41             }
42         }
43         
44         while !queue.isEmpty {
45             
46             var nextQueue: [Int] = []
47             
48             for x in queue {
49                 courseOrder.append(x)
50                 
51                 var edge = graph.edges[x]
52                 while let _edge = edge {
53                     let y = _edge.y
54                     graph.indegree[y] -= 1
55                     
56                     if graph.indegree[y] == 0 {
57                         nextQueue.append(y)
58                     }
59                     
60                     edge = _edge.next
61                 }
62             }
63             
64             queue = nextQueue
65         }
66         
67         
68         return courseOrder.count == numCourses ? courseOrder : []
69     }
70     
71     
72     
73     func graphFrom(numCourses: Int, prerequisites: [[Int]]) -> Graph {
74         var graph = Graph(vertexCount: numCourses)
75         
76         for pair in prerequisites {
77             
78             let x = pair[1]
79             let y = pair[0]
80             
81             let newEdge = Edge(y: y)
82             newEdge.next = graph.edges[x]
83             
84             graph.edges[x] = newEdge
85             graph.edgeCount[x] += 1
86             graph.indegree[y] += 1
87         }
88         
89         return graph
90     }
91 }

132ms

 1 class Solution {
 2 class Node: Hashable {
 3     static func == (lhs: Node, rhs: Node) -> Bool {
 4         return lhs.val == rhs.val
 5     }
 6     
 7     var val: Int
 8     var indegree: Set<Node>
 9     var outdegree: Set<Node>
10     
11     init(_ val: Int) {
12         self.val = val
13         self.indegree = Set<Node>()
14         self.outdegree = Set<Node>()
15     }
16     
17     public var hashValue: Int {
18         return val
19     }
20 }
21 
22 
23 func findOrder(_ numCourses: Int, _ prerequisites: [[Int]]) -> [Int] {
24     guard numCourses > 0 else {
25         return [Int]()
26     }
27     
28     var map = [Int: Node]()
29     var queue = [Node]()
30     var set = Set<Node>()
31     var res = [Int]()
32     
33     for num in 0..<numCourses {
34         map[num] = Node(num)
35     }
36     
37     for pair in prerequisites {
38         map[pair[0]]?.indegree.insert(map[pair[1]]!)
39         map[pair[1]]?.outdegree.insert(map[pair[0]]!)
40     }
41     
42     for (_, node) in map {
43         if node.indegree.count == 0 {
44             queue.append(node)
45             set.insert(node)
46             res.append(node.val)
47         }
48     }
49     
50     while !queue.isEmpty {
51         let curr = queue.removeFirst()
52         for node in curr.outdegree {
53             node.indegree.remove(curr)
54             
55             if node.indegree.count == 0, !set.contains(node) {
56                 queue.append(node)
57                 set.insert(node)
58                 res.append(node.val)
59             }
60         }
61     }
62     
63     return res.count == numCourses ? res : [Int]()
64  }
65 }

160ms

 1 class Solution {
 2     func findOrder(_ n: Int, _ prerequisites: [[Int]]) -> [Int] {
 3         var indegree = [Int](repeating: 0 , count: n)
 4         var adjMap = [Int: Set<Int>]()
 5         for prerequisite in prerequisites {
 6             let first = prerequisite[1]
 7             let second = prerequisite[0]
 8             indegree[second] += 1
 9             var newSet : Set<Int>
10             if let s = adjMap[first]{
11                 newSet = s
12             }else {
13                 newSet = Set<Int>()
14             }
15             newSet.insert(second)
16             adjMap[first] = newSet
17         }
18         var queue = [Int]()
19         for i in 0 ..< n{
20             if indegree[i] == 0{
21                 queue.append(i)
22             }
23         }
24         var res = [Int]()
25         while !queue.isEmpty{
26             let cur = queue.removeFirst()
27             res.append(cur)
28             if let map = adjMap[cur]{
29                 for adj in map{
30                     indegree[adj] -= 1
31                     if indegree[adj] == 0{
32                         queue.append(adj)
33                     }
34                 }
35             }
36         }
37         if res.count != n {
38             return [Int]()
39         }
40         return res
41     }
42 }

184ms

 1 class Solution {
 2   struct Node{
 3     var nodes: [Int] = [Int]()
 4     var isSeen: Bool = false
 5   }
 6   var graph: [Node] = [Node]()
 7   var order: [Int] = [Int]()
 8   var graphHasCycle: Bool = false
 9   var isInStack: [Bool] = [Bool]()
10   func dfs(_ node: Int){
11     isInStack[node] = true
12     graph[node].isSeen = true
13     for to in graph[node].nodes{
14       if !graph[to].isSeen{
15         dfs(to)
16       }else{
17         if isInStack[to] {
18           graphHasCycle = true
19         }
20       }
21     }
22     isInStack[node] = false
23     order.append(node)
24   }
25   func addEdge(_ from: Int , _ to: Int){
26     graph[from].nodes.append(to)
27   }
28     func findOrder(_ numCourses: Int, _ prerequisites: [[Int]]) -> [Int] {
29       for i in 0...numCourses - 1{
30         graph.append(Node())
31         isInStack.append(false)
32       }
33       var from : Int?
34       var to : Int?
35       for edge in prerequisites {
36         from = edge[0]
37         to = edge[1]
38         addEdge(from!,to!)
39       }
40       for i in 0...numCourses - 1 {
41         if !graph[i].isSeen{
42           dfs(i)
43         }
44       }
45       if graphHasCycle {
46         return []
47       }
48       return order
49     }
50 }