cobbler批量安装系统使用详解-技术流ken

时间 2019-11-24

标签 cobbler 批量安装系统使用详解技术 ken 繁體版

原文原文链接

前言

　　cobbler是一个能够实现批量安装系统的Linux应用程序。它有别于pxe+kickstart，cobbler能够实现同个服务器批量安装不一样操做系统版本。linux

系统环境准备及其下载cobbler

一.系统环境

 系统版本：CentOS release 6.7 (Final)

内网IP：192.168.232.7/24 #用来对内通讯，提供cobbler服务express

外网IP：10.220.5.166/24 #链接外网vim

二. 关闭安全服务

[root@ken ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release     #检查系统版本
CentOS release 6.7 (Final)
[root@ken ~]# service iptables stop       #关闭防火墙
[root@ken ~]# setenforce 0                #关闭selinux

三. 下载cobbler及其所需服务程序

[root@ken ~]# yum install cobbler dhcp tftp-server xinetd syslinux httpd pykickstart -y

yum安装cobbler须要使用网络yum源，你们能够复制下面的代码到本身的yum仓库保存便可centos

[epel]
name=epel
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/6Server/x86_64/

配置dhcp

[root@ken ~]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf                  #配置dhcp配置文件，并写入以下代码

subnet 192.168.232.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
  range 192.168.232.10 192.168.232.20;
  option domain-name-servers 8.8.8.8;
  option routers 192.168.232.7;
  default-lease-time 600;
  max-lease-time 7200;
  filename "pxelinux.0";
}

[root@ken ~]# service dhcpd restart                     #重启dhcpd服务，使之配置生效
Starting dhcpd:                     [  OK  ]

配置tftp

[root@ken ~]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp 
 
# default: off
# description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer \
#       protocol.  The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless \
#       workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, \
#       and to start the installation process for some operating systems.
service tftp
{
        socket_type             = dgram
        protocol                = udp
        wait                    = yes
        user                    = root
        server                  = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
        server_args             = -s /var/lib/tftpboot
        disable                 = no                     #把yes修改成no,即启动tftp服务
        per_source              = 11
        cps                     = 100 2
        flags                   = IPv4
}
[root@ken ~]# service xinetd restart                     #重启xinetd，使之配置生效
Stopping xinetd:                                  [FAILED]
Starting xinetd:                                  [  OK  ]

[root@ken ~]# chkconfig xinetd on                        #把xinetd加入系统启动项，实现开机自动启动
[root@ken ~]# chkconfig --list | grep tftp               #检查确认tftp是否已经成功开启
    tftp:              on

配置cobbler

　　首先检查cobbler配置安全

[root@ken ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work.  This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.
2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.
3 : some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely.  Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.
4 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/rsync
5 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
6 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one
7 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

根据如上反馈，须要一一进行修改才能继续进行服务器

问题一：

　 cobbler文件默认是127.0.0.1本地回环地址，须要更改成提供cobbler服务的ip地址 192.163.232.7网络

[root@ken ~]# sed -i 's/server: 127.0.0.1/server: 192.168.232.7/g' /etc/cobbler/settings

问题二：

　　netx_server也是默认本地127.0.0.1回环地址，须要修改成提供cobbler服务的ip地址 192.163.232.7app

[root@ken ~]# sed -i 's/next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 192.168.232.7/g' /etc/cobbler/settings

问题三：

能够忽略less

问题四：

启动rsync便可dom

[root@ken ~]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/rsync 
  
   # default: off
   # description: The rsync server is a good addition to an ftp server, as it \
   #       allows crc checksumming etc.
    service rsync
   {
        disable = no                                 #yes更改成no
        flags           = IPv6
        socket_type     = stream
        wait            = no
        user            = root
        server          = /usr/bin/rsync
        server_args     = --daemon
        log_on_failure  += USERID
   }

[root@ken ~]# service xinetd  restart                #重启xinetd服务
Stopping xinetd:                           [  OK  ]
Starting xinetd:                           [  OK  ]
[root@ken ~]# chkconfig --list | grep rsync          #检查rsync是否已经启动
    rsync:             on

 问题五：
 能够忽略

 问题六：
 更改密码，并把新生成的加密数据填写进/etc/cobbler/settings

[root@ken ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt '123' '123456'
$1$123$7mft0jKnzzvAdU4t0unTG1
[root@ken ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings 
92 # cobbler has various sample kickstart templates stored
93 # in /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/. This controls
94 # what install (root) password is set up for those
95 # systems that reference this variable. The factory
96 # default is "cobbler" and cobbler check will warn if
97 # this is not changed.
98 # The simplest way to change the password is to run 
99 # openssl passwd -1
100 # and put the output between the "" below.
101 default_password_crypted: "$1$123$7mft0jKnzzvAdU4t0unTG1"     #把新生成的加密密码填写在101行处
102 
103 # the default template type to use in the absence of any
104 # other detected template. If you do not specify the template 
105 # with '#template=<template_type>' on the first line of your
106 # templates/snippets, cobbler will assume try to use the
107 # following template engine to parse the templates.

问题七：

　　能够忽略

以上问题解决以后，须要同步和重启

[root@ken ~]# service cobblerd restart           #重启cobbler服务

[root@ken ~]# cobbler sync                      #进行同步

再次检查是否已经更改完成

[root@ken ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely.  Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.
2 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
3 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

已经更改完毕！

挂载光盘并进行数据导入

挂载光盘

[root@ken ~]# mount /dev/cdrom  /mnt

数据导入

[root@ken ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt --name=centos6.7  #进行数据导入
task started: 2018-09-09_021922_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Sun Sep  9 02:19:22 2018)
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos6.7:
creating new distro: centos6.7-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos6.7 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/centos6.7-x86_64
creating new profile: centos6.7-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos6.7 for centos6.7-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos6.7
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos6.7
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos6.7/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos6.7/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

查看distro

[root@ken ~]# cobbler distro list
   centos6.7-x86_64

查看profile

[root@ken ~]# cobbler profile list
   centos6.7-x86_64

自定义profile

[root@ken ~]# cobbler profile add --distro=centos6.7-x86_64 --name=centos6.7_ken --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/ks.cfg
[root@ken ~]# cobbler sync

准备ks文件

在root目录下找到ks文件，并移动到/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/到目录下更名为ks.cfg

[root@ken ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  install.log  install.log.syslog
[root@ken ~]# mv anaconda-ks.cfg /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/ks.cfg
[root@ken ~]# vim /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/ks.cfg

# Kickstart file automatically generated by anaconda.

#version=DEVEL
install
# Kickstart file automatically generated by anaconda.

#version=DEVEL
install
url --url=http://192.168.232.7/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos6.7/ #这里须要更改成repodata所在的http地址
lang en_US.UTF-8
keyboard us
network --onboot no --device eth0 --bootproto dhcp --noipv6
rootpw 123
reboot
firewall --service=ssh
authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
selinux --disabled
timezone --utc Asia/Shanghai
bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet"
# The following is the partition information you requested
# Note that any partitions you deleted are not expressed
# here so unless you clear all partitions first, this is
# not guaranteed to work
clearpart --all
zerombr
part /boot --fstype=ext4 --size=500
part pv.008002 --grow --size=1
volgroup VolGroup --pesize=4096 pv.008002
logvol / --fstype=ext4 --name=lv_root --vgname=VolGroup --grow --size=1024 --maxsize=51200
logvol swap --name=lv_swap --vgname=VolGroup --grow --size=2016 --maxsize=2016

repo --name="CentOS" --baseurl=http://192.168.232.7/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos6.7/ --cost=100 #这里的地址和上面的url地址保持一致

%packages
@core
@server-policy
@workstation-policy
%end

重启服务

[root@ken ~]# service httpd restart                                              
[root@ken ~]# service cobblerd restart
[root@ken ~]# service dhcpd restart
[root@ken ~]# service xinetd restart

测试

新建一个虚拟机，须要和cobbler服务器所在同一个虚拟网络中（nat，桥接等）。

选择第二个咱们自定义的包便可进行自动化安装。

开始安装

安装完成