测开之路一百四十：可拔插视图（基于类、基于方法）

时间 2019-11-12

标签之路一百四十视图基于方法繁體版

原文原文链接

可拔插视图css

基于类的视图html

一、写类，继承flask.views.View
二、实现方法，dipatch_request(self)
三、app注册网址规则：
　　1.导入视图类
　　2.app.add_url_rule(地址, view_func=类名.as_view(终结点))前端

新建一个html，为注册页jquery

新开一个路径，下面新建一个py文件用于存放类的视图sql

"""
基于类的视图， 每个视图写为一个类，用于作视图分类，如用户管理模块、业务处理模块
dispatch_request：调度请求
"""
from flask import render_template
from flask.views import View


class RegUser(View):
    """ 注册 """

    def dispatch_request(self):
        return render_template('reg.html')


class UserLogin(View):
    """ 登陆 """

    def dispatch_request(self):
        return render_template('login.html')

为避免冲突，把main里面的login注释掉数据库

在main里面调用刚刚的类视图flask

base.html加一个注册按钮，重定向到终结点为reg的视图bootstrap

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>-问题反馈系统</title>
    <!--bootstrap、jquery、font-awesome-->
    <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/2.2.4/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/font-awesome/4.6.3/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/twitter-bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <!--导航栏-->
    <div class="row">
        <nav class="navbar navbar-default" role="navigation">
            <div class="navbar-header">
                <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".navbar-ex1--collapse">
                    <span class="sr-only"></span>
                    <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                    <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                    <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                </button>
                <a class="navbar-brand" href="/">问题反馈系统</a>
            </div>
            <div class="collapse navbar-collapse navbar-ex1--collapse">
                <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
                    <li class="active"><a href="{{ url_for('feedback') }}">首页</a></li>
                    <li class="dropdown">
                        <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">反馈管理<b class="caret"></b></a>
                        <ul class="dropdown-menu">
                            <li><a href="{{ url_for('list') }}">问题列表</a></li>
                        </ul>
                        <a href="{{ url_for('reg') }}">用户注册</a>
                    </li>
                </ul>
                <form class="navbar-form navbar-left" role="search">
                    <div class="for-group">
                        <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search">
                        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">submit</button>
                    </div>
                </form>
                <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
                    <li class="dropdown">
                        <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">{{ session['admin'] if session['admin'] else '未登陆' }}<b class="caret"></b></a>
                        <ul class="dropdown-menu">
                            <li><a href="{{ url_for('logout') }}">退出</a></li>
                        </ul>
                    </li>
                </ul>
            </div>
        </nav>
    </div>


    <!--面包屑导航-->
    <div class="row">
        <ul class="breadcrumb">
            <li><a href="/">首页</a></li>
            <li class="active">问题反馈</li>
        </ul>
    </div>



    <!--正文部分预留空间，其余页面只须要继承事后往这里面添加内容便可-->
    {% block main_content %}

    {% endblock %}

    <!--页脚-->
    <div class="row">
        <div class="well text-center">
            &copy;版权全部 <a href="https://www.baidu.com/">点击跳转</a>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

点用户注册，跳转到注册页面浏览器

基于方法的视图安全

一、写类，继承flask.views.MethodView
二、实现方法
　　GET: def get(self):
　　POST：def post(self):
　　PUT def put(self):
三、app注册网址规则：
　　1.导入视图类
　　2.app.add_url_rule(地址, view_func=类名.as_view(终结点))

from flask import render_template
from flask.views import View, MethodView


class ARegUser(MethodView):
    def get(self):
        """ get时的处理逻辑 """
        return render_template('reg.html')

    def post(self):
        """ post时的处理逻辑 """
        pass

调用

# 调用基于方法的视图
from account.views import ARegUser
app.add_url_rule('/reg/', view_func=ARegUser.as_view('reg'))

views.py

"""
基于类的视图， 每个视图写为一个类，用于作视图分类，如用户管理模块、业务处理模块
dispatch_request：调度请求
"""
from flask import render_template
from flask.views import View, MethodView


class ARegUser(MethodView):
    def get(self):
        """ get时的处理逻辑 """
        return render_template('reg.html')

    def post(self):
        """ post时的处理逻辑 """
        pass


class RegUser(View):
    """ 注册 """

    def dispatch_request(self):
        return render_template('reg.html')


class UserLogin(View):
    """ 登陆 """

    def dispatch_request(self):
        return render_template('login.html')

main.py

# coding:utf-8import sqlite3from datetime import datetime, timedeltafrom flask import Flask, request, render_template, redirect, url_for, g, send_from_directory, session, make_responseapp = Flask(__name__)DATABASE = r'.\db\feedbach.db''=======================封装sql助手函数============================='def make_dicts(cursor, row):    """ 将游标获取的Tuple根据数据库列表转换为dict """    return dict((cursor.description[idx][0], value) for idx, value in enumerate(row))def get_db():    """ 获取(简历数据库连接)    g: flask内置的变量：g = LocalProxy(partial(_lookup_app_object, "g"))    """    db = getattr(g, '_database', None)    if not db:        db = g._database = sqlite3.connect(DATABASE)        db.row_factory = make_dicts    return dbdef execute_sql(sql, params=()):    """ 执行sql语句不返回数据结果 insert、update、delete """    c = get_db().cursor()    c.execute(sql, params)    c.connection.commit()def query_sql(sql, params=(), one=False):    """ 查询数据 one=False的时候返回多条"""    c = get_db().cursor()    result = c.execute(sql, params).fetchall()    c.close()    return (result[0] if result else None) if one else result@app.teardown_appcontext  # 在当前app上下文销毁时执行def close_connection(exeption):    """ 关闭数据库 """    db = getattr(g, '_database', None)    if db is not None:        db.close()'========================================================================'@app.route("/")def index():    return render_template('base.html')app.secret_key = 'qoihf2397r21380r2/./ad'  # 加密的安全码，越复杂越好，flask后台自动进行加密# @app.route('/login/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])# def login():#     """ 登陆 """#     if request.method == 'POST':#         username = request.form.get('username')#         password = request.form.get('password')#         sql = 'select count(*) as [Count] from UserInfo where username = ? and password = ?'#         result = query_sql(sql, (username, password), True)#         if int(result.get('Count')) > 0:#             print(username)#             session['admin'] = username  # 已登陆的用户保存到session#             return redirect(url_for('list'))#         return '用户名或密码错误'#     return render_template('login.html')# 模板继承@app.route("/feedback/")def feedback():    return render_template('post.html')UPLOAD_FOLDER = r'.\uploads'  # 声明存文件的目录ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS = ['.jpg', '.png', '.gif']  # 容许上传的后缀，限制上传格式import osdef allowed_file(filename):    """ 判断文件是否容许上传 """    # filename = 'asdasdasd.jpg'    _, ext = os.path.splitext(filename)    return ext.lower() in ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS  # 把后缀转为小写@app.route("/post_feedback/", methods=["POST"])def post_feedback():    """ 提交视图 """    if request.method == 'POST':  # 若是是post请求就获取表单值        subject = request.form.get('subject', None)        categoryid = request.form.get('category', 1)        username = request.form.get('username')        email = request.form.get('email')        body = request.form.get('body')        release_time = str(datetime.now())        state = 0        img_path = None        # 提交的内容包含图片，就获取图片名字用于插入数据库，并保存图片        if request.files.get('file_s', None):            img = request.files['file_s']            if allowed_file(img.filename):                # 为防止文件名重复，重命名文件                img_path = datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%f') + os.path.splitext(img.filename)[1]                img.save(os.path.join(UPLOAD_FOLDER, img_path))        print(subject, categoryid, username, email, body, state, release_time, img_path)        conn = sqlite3.connect(DATABASE)        c = conn.cursor()        # 防止sql注入，用？代替值        sql = "insert into feedback (Subjeck, CategoryID, UserName, Email, Body, State, ReleaseTime, Image) values (?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?)"        c.execute(sql, (subject, categoryid, username, email, body, state, release_time, img_path))        conn.commit()        conn.close()        # 为防止因卡顿引发重复提交，提交事后跳转到填写页面        return redirect(url_for('feedback'))@app.route("/list/")def list():    """ 展现全部问题 """    # 访问/list/的时候，若是session里面没有admin，就返回登陆页    if session.get('admin', None) is None:        return redirect(url_for('login'))    key = request.args.get('key', '')    sql = 'select f.ROWID,f.*,c.CategoryName from feedback f INNER JOIN category c on c.ROWID = f.CategoryID where f.Subjeck like ? order by f.ROWID'    feedbacks = query_sql(sql, (f'%{key}%',))    return render_template('feedback-list.html', items=feedbacks)@app.route('/del/<id>/')def delete_feedback(id=0):    """ 删除问题 ，前端传id"""    conn = sqlite3.connect(DATABASE)    c = conn.cursor()    sql = "delete from feedback where ROWID = ?"    c.execute(sql, (id,))    conn.commit()    conn.close()    return redirect(url_for('list'))@app.route('/profile/<filename>')def render_file(filename):    """ 呈现特定目录下的资源，用于jinja2模板调用渲染服务器的图片"""    return send_from_directory(UPLOAD_FOLDER, filename)  # uploads + feilename@app.route("/edit/<id>/")def edit(id=None):    """ 根据前端传过来的id返回编辑的html """    # 访问/edit/<id>/的时候，若是session里面没有admin，就返回登陆页    if session.get('admin', None) is None:        return redirect(url_for('login'))    # 获取绑定的下拉列表    sql = "select ROWID,CategoryName from category"    categories = query_sql(sql)    # 获取当前id的信息，并绑定至form表单，以备修改    sql = "select rowid,* from feedback where rowid = ?"    curren_feedback = query_sql(sql, (id,), True)    # return str(curren_feedback)  # 查看查出来的数据顺序，方便html渲染排序    return render_template('edit.html', categories=categories, item=curren_feedback)@app.route("/save_edit/", methods=['POST'])def save_edit():    """ 保存编辑 """    if request.method == 'POST':        id = request.form.get('rowid', None)        reply = request.form.get('reply')        state = 1 if request.form.get('state', 0) == 'on' else 0        sql = 'update feedback set Reply=?, State=? where rowid=?'        conn = sqlite3.connect(DATABASE)        c = conn.cursor()        c.execute(sql, (reply, state, id))        conn.commit()        conn.close()    return redirect(url_for('list'))@app.route('/logout/')def logout():    """ 退出登陆，删除session跳转到登陆页 """    session.pop('admin')    return redirect(url_for('list'))  # 为了防止在页面上点后退的状况，让list视图来执行让页面跳转到登陆页@app.route('/setck/')def setck():    """ 添加cookie，timedelta由datatime导入 """    response = make_response('ok')    response.set_cookie('username', 'aaa', path='/', expires=datetime.now() + timedelta(days=7))    # set_cookie 参数    # dmain='baidu.com'  指定cookie只对baidu.com起做用    # path='/'  此cookie能访问的路径    # httponly=True  只能http访问，默认关闭    # max_age=60  cookie生命周期，默认为None，浏览器关闭时销毁，单位为秒    # expires=datetime.now() + timedelta(days=7)  # 指定过时时间为7天    return response@app.route('/getck/')def getck():    """ 获取cookie  request.cookies.get('xxx') """    ck = request.cookies.get('username')    if ck:        return ck    return '未获取到cookie'@app.route('/rmck/')def remove_cookie():    """ 删除cookie，    因为不容许直接操做硬盘，因此采用更新cookie生效时间的方法    找到cookie，把生效时间设为当前时间以前    """    resp = make_response('删除cookie')    # 把生效时间设为上一秒    resp.set_cookie('username', '', expires=datetime.now() + timedelta(minutes=-1))    return resp# 调用基于类的视图from account.views import RegUser, UserLogin# 为导入的基于类的视图添加分配url规则# 第一个参数：地址，第二个login为终结点，即视图函数名，可用于重定向# app.add_url_rule('/login/', view_func=UserLogin.as_view('login'))# app.add_url_rule('/reg/', view_func=RegUser.as_view('reg'))# 调用基于方法的视图from account.views import ARegUserapp.add_url_rule('/login/', view_func=UserLogin.as_view('login'))app.add_url_rule('/reg/', view_func=ARegUser.as_view('reg'))if __name__ == '__main__':    app.run(        debug=True    )