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ViewBinding 是Android Studio 3.6中添加的一个新功能,更准确的说,它是DataBinding 的一个更轻量变体,为何要使用View Binding 呢?答案是性能。许多开发者使用Data Binding库来引用Layout XML中的视图,而忽略它的其余强大功能。相比来讲,自动生成代码ViewBinding其实比DataBinding 性能更好。可是传统的方式使用View Binding 却不是很好,由于会有不少样板代码(垃圾代码)。java
让咱们看看Fragment 中“ViewBinding”的用法。咱们有一个布局资源profile.xml
。View Binding 为布局文件生成的类叫ProfileBinding
,传统使用方式以下:git
class ProfileFragment : Fragment(R.layout.profile) { private var viewBinding: ProfileBinding? = null override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedState: Bundle?) { super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState) viewBinding = ProfileBinding.bind(view) // Use viewBinding } override fun onDestroyView() { super.onDestroyView() viewBinding = null } }
有几点我不太喜欢:github
viewBinding
的样板代码viewBinding
属性是可空的,而且可变的,这可不太妙怎么办呢?用强大Kotlin来重构它。ide
使用Kotlin委托的属性,咱们能够重用部分代码并简化任务(不明白委托属性的,能够看我(译者)之前的文章:一文完全搞懂Kotlin中的委托),我用它来简化·ViewBinding的用法。用一个委托包装了
ViewBinding`的建立和销毁。oop
class FragmentViewBindingProperty<T : ViewBinding>( private val viewBinder: ViewBinder<T> ) : ReadOnlyProperty<Fragment, T> { private var viewBinding: T? = null private val lifecycleObserver = BindingLifecycleObserver() @MainThread override fun getValue(thisRef: Fragment, property: KProperty<*>): T { checkIsMainThread() this.viewBinding?.let { return it } val view = thisRef.requireView() thisRef.viewLifecycleOwner.lifecycle.addObserver(lifecycleObserver) return viewBinder.bind(view).also { vb -> this.viewBinding = vb } } private inner class BindingLifecycleObserver : DefaultLifecycleObserver { private val mainHandler = Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()) @MainThread override fun onDestroy(owner: LifecycleOwner) { owner.lifecycle.removeObserver(this) viewBinding = null } } } /** * Create new [ViewBinding] associated with the [Fragment][this] */ @Suppress("unused") inline fun <reified T : ViewBinding> Fragment.viewBinding(): ReadOnlyProperty<Fragment, T> { return FragmentViewBindingProperty(DefaultViewBinder(T::class.java)) }
而后,使用咱们定义的委托来重构ProfileFragment
:布局
class ProfileFragment : Fragment(R.layout.profile) { private val viewBinding: ProfileBinding by viewBinding() override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState) // Use viewBinding } }
很好,咱们去掉了建立和销毁ViewBinding的样板代码,如今只须要声明一个委托属性就能够了,是否是简单了?可是如今还有点问题。post
在重构以后,onDestroyView
须要清理掉viewBinding中的View。性能
class ProfileFragment() : Fragment(R.layout.profile) { private val viewBinding: ProfileBinding by viewBinding() override fun onDestroyView() { super.onDestroyView() // Clear data in views from viewBinding // ViewBinding inside viewBinding is null } }
可是,结果是,我获得的在委托属性内对ViewBinding的引用为null
。缘由是Fragment的ViewLifecycleOwner
通知更新lifecycle的ON_DESTROY
事件时机,该事件发生在Fragment.onDestroyView()
以前。这就是为何我仅在主线程上的全部操做完成后才须要清除viewBinding。可使用Handler.post
完成。修改以下:ui
class FragmentViewBindingProperty<T : ViewBinding>( private val viewBinder: ViewBinder<T> ) : ReadOnlyProperty<Fragment, T> { private var viewBinding: T? = null private val lifecycleObserver = BindingLifecycleObserver() @MainThread override fun getValue(thisRef: Fragment, property: KProperty<*>): T { checkIsMainThread() this.viewBinding?.let { return it } val view = thisRef.requireView() thisRef.viewLifecycleOwner.lifecycle.addObserver(lifecycleObserver) return viewBinder.bind(view).also { vb -> this.viewBinding = vb } } private inner class BindingLifecycleObserver : DefaultLifecycleObserver { private val mainHandler = Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()) @MainThread override fun onDestroy(owner: LifecycleOwner) { owner.lifecycle.removeObserver(this) // Fragment.viewLifecycleOwner call LifecycleObserver.onDestroy() before Fragment.onDestroyView(). // That's why we need to postpone reset of the viewBinding mainHandler.post { viewBinding = null } } } }
这样,就很完美了。this
Android的新库ViewBinding是一个去掉项目中findViewByid()
很好的解决方案,同时它也替代了著名的Butter Knife
。ViewBinding 与Kotlin委托属性的巧妙结合,可让你的代码更加简洁易读。完整的代码能够查看github:https://github.com/kirich1409...