Clojuratica 安装配置指导: Clojure + Mathematica 的神奇组合

时间 2019-11-10

标签 clojuratica 安装配置指导 clojure mathematica 神奇组合繁體版

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Clojuratica 安装配置指导: Clojure + Mathematica 的神奇组合

概念介绍:Clojuratica=Clojure+Mathematica

Clojuratica 简单说就是把 Clojure 和 Mathematica 组合起来了，能够经过 Clojure 来调用 Mathematica 的数千个函数。html

按照做者的说法是 Clojuratica 集两者之长处，很是高大上，并且还易于使用，下面是 Clojuratica 站点对其优势的描述：java

Clojuratica lets you write and evaluate Mathematica code in Clojure with full syntactic integration. Now Clojure programs can take advantage of Mathematica's enormous range of numerical and symbolic mathematics algorithms and fast matrix algebra routines.git
Clojuratica provides the seamless and transparent translation of native data structures between Clojure and Mathematica. This includes high-precision numbers, matrices, N-dimensional arrays, and evaluated and unevaluated Mathematica expressions and formulae.github
Clojuratica lets you call, pass, and store Mathematica functions just as if they were first-class functions in Clojure. This is high-level functional programming at its finest. You can write a function in whichever language is more suited to the task and never think again about which platform is evaluating calls to that function.express
Clojuratica facilitates the "Clojurization" of Mathematica's existing parallel-computing capabilities. Mathematica is not designed for threads or concurrency. It has excellent support for parallel computation, but parallel evaluations are initiated from a single-threaded master kernel which blocks until all parallel evaluations return. By contrast, Clojuratica includes a concurrency framework that lets multiple Clojure threads execute Mathematica expressions without blocking others. Now it is easy to run a simulation in Clojure with 1,000 independent threads asynchronously evaluating processor-intensive expressions in Mathematica. The computations will be farmed out adaptively and transparently to however many Mathematica kernels are available on any number of processor cores, either locally or across a cluster, grid, or network.app

不过该项目最近的版本更新是2009年的Version 2 alpha 2。less

周边环境需求

由于 Clojure 和 Mathmetica 都是多平台可用，所以 Clojuratica 理论上同时支持 Windows/OSX/Linux/Unix 多个平台，本文的环境是 Mac OSX 10.9。eclipse

安装配置 Clojuratica，须要事先安装好以下软件：async

Git
ant
Clojure + lein

具体的安装步骤就很少说了，使用 brew install git 和 brew install ant 安装好 git 和 ant，再用 git 安装 Clojure，详细教程能够本身搜索。maven

周边环境基本就这些要求。

从GitHub安装Clojuratica

先进入你准备存放 Clojuratica 项目的本地目录 ~/GitHub

cd ~/GitHub/

而后从 github 上把 Clojuratica 项目克隆下来

Air:GitHub admin$ git clone https://github.com/drcabana/Clojuratica

进入 Clojuratica 目录

Air:GitHub admin$ cd Clojuratica/
Air:Clojuratica admin$ ls
build.xml	clojuratica.jar	doc		src
Air:Clojuratica admin$

用 ant 安装 Clojuratica

Air:Clojuratica admin$ ant jar

Buildfile: /Users/admin/GitHub/Clojuratica/build.xml

init:

compile:

jar:
     [jar] Building jar: /Users/admin/GitHub/Clojuratica/clojuratica.jar
     [echo] JAR written to /Users/admin/GitHub/Clojuraticaclojuratica.jar

BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 0 seconds
Air:Clojuratica admin$

很好，Clojuratica 安装成功。

接下来要作一些手工配置。

配置Clojuratica

首先要把 Clojuratica 项目内的 src/mma 目录中的三个 .m 文件拷贝到 Mathematica 文件夹里的 Autoload 目录中，文件以下：

Air:Clojuratica admin$ cd ./src/mma
Air:mma admin$ ls
ClojurianScopes.m	ClojurianScopes.nb	FunctionalExtras.m	HashMaps.m		HashMaps.nb
Air:mma admin$

这里须要根据不一样版本的 Mathematica 来肯定目的地路径，个人版本是 Mathematica 8.0，因此对应的路径为 /Applications/Mathematica/SystemFiles/Autoload/，因此命令以下：

Air:mma admin$ cp *.m  /Applications/Mathematica/Autoload/

接下来须要进入 ~/.lein 目录，修改一下配置文件 profiles.clj，主要是增长这一句：

[lein-localrepo "0.4.1"]

下面是个人配置：

Air:mma admin$ cat ~/.lein/profiles.clj
{:user {:plugins [[lein-swank "1.4.0"]
	[lein-localrepo "0.4.1"] ] } }
Air:mma admin$

而后要用 lein 把 clojuratica.jar 和 JLink.jar 安装到 localrepo，命令以下：

lein localrepo install ~/GitHub/Clojuratica/clojuratica.jar local.repo/clojuratica 2.0_alpha3

lein localrepo install /Applications/Mathematica.app/Links/JLink/JLink.jar local.repo/JLink 8.0

不过第二条命令貌似没有成功，因此须要进入目录 .m2/repository/local/repo 中手动创建一个符号连接：

Air:mma admin$ cd ~/.m2/repository/local/repo/JLink
Air:JLink admin$ ls
8.0				maven-metadata-local.xml
Air:JLink admin$ ln -s /Applications/Mathematica.app/SystemFiles/Links/JLink/JLink.jar JLink-8.0.jar

最后用 tree 命令查看一下：

Air:JLink admin$ tree ~/.m2/repository/local/repo/JLink/
/Users/admin/.m2/repository/local/repo/JLink/
├── 8.0
│   ├── JLink-8.0.jar -> /Applications/Mathematica.app/SystemFiles/Links/JLink/JLink.jar
│   └── _maven.repositories
└── maven-metadata-local.xml

1 directory, 3 files
Air:JLink admin$

很是好，如今基本配置所有完成，接下来就能够建立一个 Clojuratica 的新项目了。

建立一个新项目运行Clojuratica

首先，用 lein 建立一个新项目，假设咱们要把新项目 mmaclj2 建立在 ~/cljProject/ 目录，命令以下：

Air:JLink admin$ cd ~/cljProject/
Air:cljProject admin$ lein new mmaclj2
Generating a project called mmaclj2 based on the 'default' template.
The default template is intended for library projects, not applications.
To see other templates (app, plugin, etc), try `lein help new`.
Air:cljProject admin$

进入新建项目的目录，查看一下：

Air:cljProject admin$ cd mmaclj2/
Air:mmaclj2 admin$ ls
LICENSE		README.md	doc		project.clj	resources	src		test
Air:mmaclj2 admin$

首先须要修改当前目录下的 project.clj 文件，咱们能够先看一下它的内容：

Air:mmaclj2 admin$ cat project.clj 
(defproject mmaclj2 "0.1.0-SNAPSHOT"
  :description "FIXME: write description"
  :url "http://example.com/FIXME"
  :license {:name "Eclipse Public License"
            :url "http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html"}
  :dependencies [[org.clojure/clojure "1.6.0"]])
Air:mmaclj2 admin$

在依赖项中增长 JLink 和 clojuratica，改成以下：

(defproject mmaclj2 "0.1.0-SNAPSHOT"
  :description "FIXME: write description"
  :url "http://example.com/FIXME"
  :license {:name "Eclipse Public License"
            :url "http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html"}
  :dependencies [[org.clojure/clojure "1.6.0"]
				 [local.repo/JLink "8.0"]
				 [local.repo/clojuratica "2.0_alpha3"]])

而后须要进入 ./src/mmaclj2/ 目录中：

Air:mmaclj2 admin$ cd ./src/mmaclj2/
Air:mmaclj2 admin$ ls
core.clj
Air:mmaclj2 admin$ pwd
/Users/admin/cljProject/mmaclj2/src/mmaclj2
Air:mmaclj2 admin$

在这里新增一个 connect.clj 文件，这段代码用于创建 Clojure 跟 Mathematica 的链接，内容以下：

(ns mmaclj2.connect
  (:use clojuratica)
  (:import [com.wolfram.jlink MathLinkFactory]))

(def kernel-link
     (MathLinkFactory/createKernelLink
       "-linkmode launch -linkname '/Applications/Mathematica.app/Contents/MacOS/MathKernel' '-mathlink'"))

(.discardAnswer kernel-link)	
(def math-evaluate (math-evaluator kernel-link))	
(def-math-macro math math-evaluate)

这里必定要注意第一句 ns mmaclj2.connect，必需要跟你的项目名称 mmaclj2 一致。

很好，到如今为止，咱们成功地建立了一个新的项目，而且完成这个项目的相关配置，接下来就能够尝试着运行了。

Clojuratica使用实例

首先在这个项目的目录内经过 lein repl 来启动交互接口，具体命令以下：

Air:mmaclj2 admin$ lein repl
nREPL server started on port 55552 on host 127.0.0.1 - nrepl://127.0.0.1:55552
REPL-y 0.3.1
Clojure 1.6.0
    Docs: (doc function-name-here)
          (find-doc "part-of-name-here")
  Source: (source function-name-here)
 Javadoc: (javadoc java-object-or-class-here)
    Exit: Control+D or (exit) or (quit)
 Results: Stored in vars *1, *2, *3, an exception in *e

user=>

出现 user=> 提示符说明已经成功运行 Clojuratica 交互环境，接下来运行咱们的项目代码：

user=> (use 'mmaclj2.connect)
nil
user=>

返回 nil 说明成功加载，也就是说咱们如今已经成功链接到 Mathematica 了，如今就能够执行一些实验操做了：

user=> (math (Plus 1 1))
2
user=> (math (FactorInteger 12345))
[[3 1] [5 1] [823 1]]
user=> (math
  #_=>      (Plus 1 1)
  #_=>      (FactorInteger 12345))
[[3 1] [5 1] [823 1]]
user=>

由于我对 Mathmetica 也不是特别熟悉，因此上面几个示范的例子也都是从官网教程拷贝过来的，因此若是但愿更深刻的使用，仍是多看看官网的教程吧，

参考说明

做者：FreeBlues 本文地址:：Clojuratica 安装配置指导: Clojure + Mathematica

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