深刻理解mysql----innodb_ruby工具
github使用教程node
innodb_ruby 主要可查看innodb数据库数据表的各类存储，解析innodb的文件，用于学习数据库底层的一些存储。mysql
安装过程
sudo gem install innodb_rubygit
gem install --user-install innodb_rubygithub
innodb_space --help # 测试一下能够显示一堆帮助不sql
try see see
1. 查看你数据库的存储文件在哪里
mysql> show global variables like "%datadir%";
+---------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-----------------+
| datadir | /var/lib/mysql/ |
+---------------+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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2. 进入数据库目录
由于以后的不少命令须要填写数据表文件路径，每次都要写好长，我以为浪费时间，所以先进入了数据库目录。你能够忽略这步，在以后须要填写路径的时候，填写绝对路径就ok了。数据库
cd /var/lib/mysql/
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3. 准备好
从新建个数据库吧ruby
mysql -uroot -p
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mysql> create database test
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mysql> use test
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4. 各类命令各类有
选项bash
-f 加载表空间，如ibd文件
-s 加载系统表空间，如ibd
-T 指定表名
-I 指定索引名
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先建立一个简单的表学习
mysql> CREATE TABLE innodb_ruby(
c1 INT,
c2 INT,
c3 VARCHAR(10000),
PRIMARY KEY (c1),
key idx(c2)
) CHARSET=ascii ROW_FORMAT=Compact;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.36 sec)
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插入数据测试
mysql> INSERT INTO innodb_ruby VALUES(1, 1, repeat('a', 7000)), (2, 2, repeat('b', 7000)), (3, 3, repeat('c', 7000)), (4, 4, repeat('d', 7000));
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
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系统文件结构
- 列出全部物理对象的数量。
root@localhost:/var/lib/mysql$ innodb_space -s ibdata1 system-spaces
name pages indexes
(system) 8832 204
test/innodb_ruby 2
...
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- 列出表空间中全部索引统计信息（系统空间或每一个文件表空间）
root@localhost:/var/lib/mysql$ innodb_space -s ibdata1 -T test/innodb_ruby space-indexes
id name root fseg used allocated fill_factor
94684 PRIMARY 3 internal 1 1 100.00%
94684 PRIMARY 3 leaf 3 3 100.00%
94685 idx 4 internal 1 1 100.00%
94685 idx 4 leaf 0 0 0.00%
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id：此索引的id
name：索引名称。PRIMARY表明的就是汇集索引，由于InnoDB表是汇集索引组织表，行记录就是汇集索引；idx就是辅助索引的名称。
root：索引中根节点的page号。
fseg：page类型。internal非叶子节点；leaf叶子节点
used：索引使用的page页。
allocated：索引分配的page页。
fill_factor：索引使用的百分比
- 统计每一个类型的页共占用了多少页
root@localhost:/var/lib/mysql$ innodb_space -s ibdata1 -T test/innodb_ruby space-page-type-regions
start end count type
0 0 1 FSP_HDR
1 1 1 IBUF_BITMAP
2 2 1 INODE
3 7 5 INDEX
8 8 1 FREE (ALLOCATED)
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- 打印每一个类型总计页数
root@localhost:/var/lib/mysql$ innodb_space -s ibdata1 -T test/innodb_ruby space-page-type-summary
type count percent description
INDEX 5 55.56 B+Tree index
FSP_HDR 1 11.11 File space header
IBUF_BITMAP 1 11.11 Insert buffer bitmap
INODE 1 11.11 File segment inode
ALLOCATED 1 11.11 Freshly allocated
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- 统计全部的页在表空间的饱和度信息，每一个页面显示彩色块（按index/purpose着色），根据页面中的数据量调整大小。
root@localhost:/var/lib/mysql$ innodb_space -s ibdata1 -T test/innodb_ruby space-extents-illustrate
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- 统计全部的页在表空间的饱和度信息，每一个页面显示彩色块 (按页面修改LSN的年龄着色)。
root@localhost:/var/lib/mysql$ innodb_space -s ibdata1 -T test/innodb_ruby space-extents-illustrate
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页文件结构
- 解释单个页面用途
root@localhost:/var/lib/mysql$ innodb_space -s ibdata1 -T test/innodb_ruby -p 3 page-account
Accounting for page 3:
Page type is INDEX (B+Tree index, table and index data stored in B+Tree structure).
Extent descriptor for pages 0-63 is at page 0, offset 158.
Extent is not fully allocated to an fseg; may be a fragment extent.
Page is marked as used in extent descriptor.
Extent is in free_frag list of space.
Page is in fragment array of fseg 1.
Fseg is in internal fseg of index 94684.
Index root is page 3.
Index is test/innodb_ruby.PRIMARY.
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- 打印页结构信息
root@localhost:/var/lib/mysql$ innodb_space -s ibdata1 -T test/innodb_ruby -p 3 page-dump
#<Innodb::Page::Index:0x0000000000ef65a0>:
fil header:
{:checksum=>3506321879,
:offset=>3,
:prev=>nil,
:next=>nil,
:lsn=>25811855781,
:type=>:INDEX,
:flush_lsn=>0,
:space_id=>2456}
fil trailer:
{:checksum=>1027768186, :lsn_low32=>42052005}
page header:
{:n_dir_slots=>2,
:heap_top=>162,
:garbage_offset=>0,
:garbage_size=>0,
:last_insert_offset=>154,
:direction=>:right,
:n_direction=>2,
:n_recs=>3,
:max_trx_id=>0,
:level=>1,
:index_id=>94684,
:n_heap=>5,
:format=>:compact}
fseg header:
{:leaf=>
<Innodb::Inode space=<Innodb::Space file="test/innodb_ruby.ibd", page_size=16384, pages=9>, fseg=2>,
:internal=>
<Innodb::Inode space=<Innodb::Space file="test/innodb_ruby.ibd", page_size=16384, pages=9>, fseg=1>}
sizes:
header 120
trailer 8
directory 4
free 16210
used 174
record 42
per record 14.00
page directory:
[99, 112]
system records:
{:offset=>99,
:header=>
{:next=>126,
:type=>:infimum,
:heap_number=>0,
:n_owned=>1,
:min_rec=>false,
:deleted=>false,
:length=>5},
:next=>126,
:data=>"infimum\x00",
:length=>8}
{:offset=>112,
:header=>
{:next=>112,
:type=>:supremum,
:heap_number=>1,
:n_owned=>4,
:min_rec=>false,
:deleted=>false,
:length=>5},
:next=>112,
:data=>"supremum",
:length=>8}
garbage records:
records:
{:format=>:compact,
:offset=>126,
:header=>
{:next=>140,
:type=>:node_pointer,
:heap_number=>2,
:n_owned=>0,
:min_rec=>true,
:deleted=>false,
:nulls=>[],
:lengths=>{},
:externs=>[],
:length=>5},
:next=>140,
:type=>:clustered,
:key=>[{:name=>"c1", :type=>"INT", :value=>1}],
:row=>[],
:sys=>[],
:child_page_number=>5,
:length=>8}
{:format=>:compact,
:offset=>140,
:header=>
{:next=>154,
:type=>:node_pointer,
:heap_number=>3,
:n_owned=>0,
:min_rec=>false,
:deleted=>false,
:nulls=>[],
:lengths=>{},
:externs=>[],
:length=>5},
:next=>154,
:type=>:clustered,
:key=>[{:name=>"c1", :type=>"INT", :value=>2}],
:row=>[],
:sys=>[],
:child_page_number=>6,
:length=>8}
{:format=>:compact,
:offset=>154,
:header=>
{:next=>112,
:type=>:node_pointer,
:heap_number=>4,
:n_owned=>0,
:min_rec=>false,
:deleted=>false,
:nulls=>[],
:lengths=>{},
:externs=>[],
:length=>5},
:next=>112,
:type=>:clustered,
:key=>[{:name=>"c1", :type=>"INT", :value=>4}],
:row=>[],
:sys=>[],
:child_page_number=>7,
:length=>8}
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- 汇总页面记录
root@localhost:/var/lib/mysql$ innodb_space -s ibdata1 -T test/innodb_ruby -p 3 page-records
Record 126: (c1=1) → #5
Record 140: (c1=2) → #6
Record 154: (c1=4) → #7
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每行表明一页数据，c1=1表明c1的最小值为1，#5表明是第5页。
- 查看页目录记录
root@localhost:/var/lib/mysql$ innodb_space -s ibdata1 -T test/innodb_ruby -p 7 page-directory-summary
slot offset type owned key
0 99 infimum 1
1 112 supremum 5
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数据过小了，再插点数据吧
mysql> insert into innodb_ruby values(5,500,'eeee'), (6,600,'ffff'), (7, 700, 'gggg'), (8, 800, 'hhhh'), (9, 900, 'iiii'), (10, 1000, 'jjjj'), (11, 1100, 'kkkk'), (12, 1200, 'llll'), (13, 1300, 'mmmm'), (14, 1400, 'nnnn'), (15, 1500, 'oooo'), (16, 1600, 'pppp');
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root@localhost:/var/lib/mysql$ innodb_space -s ibdata1 -T test/innodb_ruby -p 7 page-directory-summary
slot offset type owned key
0 99 infimum 1
1 7220 conventional 4 (c1=7)
2 7348 conventional 4 (c1=11)
3 112 supremum 6
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infimum最小值，supremum最大值，1~8 其余数据为4~8
- 详细说明一个页的内容
root@localhost:/var/lib/mysql$ innodb_space -s ibdata1 -T test/innodb_ruby -p 7 page-illustrate
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索引结构
- 遍历整个B+树扫描索引
主键索引
root@localhost:/var/lib/mysql$ innodb_space -s ibdata1 -T test/innodb_ruby -I PRIMARY index-recurse
ROOT NODE #3: 3 records, 42 bytes
NODE POINTER RECORD ≥ (c1=1) → #5
LEAF NODE #5: 1 records, 7029 bytes
RECORD: (c1=1) → (c2=1, c3="aaa...")
NODE POINTER RECORD ≥ (c1=2) → #6
LEAF NODE #6: 2 records, 14058 bytes
RECORD: (c1=2) → (c2=2, c3="bbb...")
RECORD: (c1=3) → (c2=3, c3="ccc...")
NODE POINTER RECORD ≥ (c1=4) → #7
LEAF NODE #7: 13 records, 7413 bytes
RECORD: (c1=4) → (c2=4, c3="ddd...")
RECORD: (c1=5) → (c2=500, c3="eeee")
RECORD: (c1=6) → (c2=600, c3="ffff")
RECORD: (c1=7) → (c2=700, c3="gggg")
RECORD: (c1=8) → (c2=800, c3="hhhh")
RECORD: (c1=9) → (c2=900, c3="iiii")
RECORD: (c1=10) → (c2=1000, c3="jjjj")
RECORD: (c1=11) → (c2=1100, c3="kkkk")
RECORD: (c1=12) → (c2=1200, c3="llll")
RECORD: (c1=13) → (c2=1300, c3="mmmm")
RECORD: (c1=14) → (c2=1400, c3="nnnn")
RECORD: (c1=15) → (c2=1500, c3="oooo")
RECORD: (c1=16) → (c2=1600, c3="pppp")
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普通索引
root@localhost:/var/lib/mysql$ innodb_space -s ibdata1 -T test/innodb_ruby -I idx index-recurse
ROOT NODE #4: 16 records, 224 bytes
RECORD: (c2=1) → (c1=1)
RECORD: (c2=2) → (c1=2)
RECORD: (c2=3) → (c1=3)
RECORD: (c2=4) → (c1=4)
RECORD: (c2=500) → (c1=5)
RECORD: (c2=600) → (c1=6)
RECORD: (c2=700) → (c1=7)
RECORD: (c2=800) → (c1=8)
RECORD: (c2=900) → (c1=9)
RECORD: (c2=1000) → (c1=10)
RECORD: (c2=1100) → (c1=11)
RECORD: (c2=1200) → (c1=12)
RECORD: (c2=1300) → (c1=13)
RECORD: (c2=1400) → (c1=14)
RECORD: (c2=1500) → (c1=15)
RECORD: (c2=1600) → (c1=16)
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可看出普通索引实际上是直接指向了主键索引的
- 在索引页中打印每条记录的偏移量
root@localhost:/var/lib/mysql$ innodb_space -s ibdata1 -T test/innodb_ruby -I PRIMARY index-record-offsets
page_offset record_offset
5 128
6 128
6 7157
7 128
7 7156
7 7188
7 7220
7 7252
7 7284
7 7316
7 7348
7 7380
7 7412
7 7444
7 7476
7 7508
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- 打印给定级别全部索引页面的摘要信息
root@localhost:/var/lib/mysql$ innodb_space -s ibdata1 -T test/innodb_ruby -I PRIMARY -l 0 index-level-summary
page index level data free records min_key
5 94684 0 7029 9223 1 c1=1
6 94684 0 14058 2194 2 c1=2
7 94684 0 7413 8835 13 c1=4
root@localhost:/var/lib/mysql$ innodb_space -s ibdata1 -T test/innodb_ruby -I PRIMARY -l 1 index-level-summary
page index level data free records min_key
3 94684 1 42 16210 3 c1=1
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记录结构
- 给定记录偏移量，打印记录的详细说明及包含的数据
root@localhost:/var/lib/mysql$ innodb_space -s ibdata1 -T test/innodb_ruby -p 5 -R 128 record-dump
Record at offset 128
Header:
Next record offset : 112
Heap number : 2
Type : conventional
Deleted : false
Length : 8
System fields:
Transaction ID: 2860579
Roll Pointer:
Undo Log: page 897, offset 272
Rollback Segment ID: 34
Insert: true
Key fields:
c1: 1
Non-key fields:
c2: 1
c3: "aaaa..."
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记录历史
- 显示给定偏移量的undo日志
root@localhost:/var/lib/mysql$ innodb_space -s ibdata1 -T test/innodb_ruby -p 5 -R 128 record-history
Transaction Type Undo record
(n/a) insert (c1=1) → ()
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- 显示全部变更过的undo记录
root@localhost:/var/lib/mysql$ innodb_space -s ibdata1 undo-history-summary
Page Offset Transaction Type Table
572 10435 2848487 delete
...
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额外探索
- 表空间统计信息
root@localhost:/var/lib/mysql$ innodb_space -s ibdata1 space-lists
name length f_page f_offset l_page l_offset
free 53 0 3318 0 3278
free_frag 19 0 398 0 1238
full_frag 3 0 158 0 2238
full_inodes 1 2 38 2 38
free_inodes 13 1789 38 595 38
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