netty源码解析(4.0)-17 ChannelHandler: IdleStateHandler实现

   io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleStateHandler功能是监测Channel上read, write或者这二者的空闲状态。当Channel超过了指定的空闲时间时,这个Handler会触发一个IdleStateEvent事件。html

  在第一次检测到Channel变成active状态时向EventExecutor中提交三个延迟任务:git

    ReaderIdleTimeoutTask: 检测read空闲超时。github

    WriterIdleTimeoutTask: 检测write空闲超时。promise

    AllIdleTimeoutTask: 检测全部的空闲超时。ide

  任何一个延迟任务检测到空闲超时是会触发一个IdleStateEvent。不管如何,延迟任务都会再次把本身提交到EventExecutor中,等待下次执行。oop

  三个延迟任务对应于三个超时时间,都是能够独立设置的:this

 1 public IdleStateHandler(boolean observeOutput,  2             long readerIdleTime, long writerIdleTime, long allIdleTime,  3  TimeUnit unit) {  4         if (unit == null) {  5             throw new NullPointerException("unit");  6  }  7 
 8         this.observeOutput = observeOutput;  9 
10         if (readerIdleTime <= 0) { 11             readerIdleTimeNanos = 0; 12         } else { 13             readerIdleTimeNanos = Math.max(unit.toNanos(readerIdleTime), MIN_TIMEOUT_NANOS); 14  } 15         if (writerIdleTime <= 0) { 16             writerIdleTimeNanos = 0; 17         } else { 18             writerIdleTimeNanos = Math.max(unit.toNanos(writerIdleTime), MIN_TIMEOUT_NANOS); 19  } 20         if (allIdleTime <= 0) { 21             allIdleTimeNanos = 0; 22         } else { 23             allIdleTimeNanos = Math.max(unit.toNanos(allIdleTime), MIN_TIMEOUT_NANOS); 24  } 25     }

  这个类继承自io.netty.channel.ChannelDuplexHandler, 它是一个有状态的ChannelHandler, 定义了三个状态:spa

  private byte state; // 0 - none, 1 - initialized, 2 - destroyed.net

  state属性保存了它的状态。0:初始状态,1:已经初始化, 2: 已经销毁。netty

  这个ChannelHandler被加入到Channel的pipeline中以后,在Channel已经被register到EventLoop中,且处于Active状态时,会执行一次初始化操做,向EventExecutor提交前面提到的三个延迟任务。这初始化操做在initialize方法中实现。

 1     private void initialize(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {  2         // Avoid the case where destroy() is called before scheduling timeouts.  3         // See: https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/143
 4         switch (state) {  5         case 1:  6         case 2:  7             return;  8  }  9 
10         state = 1; 11  initOutputChanged(ctx); 12 
13         lastReadTime = lastWriteTime = ticksInNanos(); 14         if (readerIdleTimeNanos > 0) { 15             readerIdleTimeout = schedule(ctx, new ReaderIdleTimeoutTask(ctx), 16  readerIdleTimeNanos, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS); 17  } 18         if (writerIdleTimeNanos > 0) { 19             writerIdleTimeout = schedule(ctx, new WriterIdleTimeoutTask(ctx), 20  writerIdleTimeNanos, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS); 21  } 22         if (allIdleTimeNanos > 0) { 23             allIdleTimeout = schedule(ctx, new AllIdleTimeoutTask(ctx), 24  allIdleTimeNanos, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS); 25  } 26     }

 

  第4-10行,只有处于初始状态时才执行后面的操做,避免屡次提交定时任务。

  第11行, 初始化对对Channel的outboundBuffer变化的监视,只有当observeOutput属性设置为true时才开启这个监视。

  第13-25行,分别提交三个延迟任务。

 

  initialize方法可能在三个地方被调用:

 @Override public void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { if (ctx.channel().isActive() && ctx.channel().isRegistered()) { // channelActive() event has been fired already, which means this.channelActive() will // not be invoked. We have to initialize here instead.
 initialize(ctx); } else { // channelActive() event has not been fired yet. this.channelActive() will be invoked // and initialization will occur there.
 } } @Override public void channelRegistered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { // Initialize early if channel is active already.
        if (ctx.channel().isActive()) { initialize(ctx); } super.channelRegistered(ctx); } @Override public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { // This method will be invoked only if this handler was added // before channelActive() event is fired. If a user adds this handler // after the channelActive() event, initialize() will be called by beforeAdd().
 initialize(ctx); super.channelActive(ctx); }

 

  若是在Channel初始化的时候把这个Handler添加到pipeline中,那么这个Handler的channelActive方法必定会被调用,只须要在channleActive中调用initialize就能够打了。可是Handler能够在任什么时候候被加入到pipleline中。当ChannelHandler被添加到pipeline中时,Channel可能已经被register到EventLoop中,且已经处于Active状态,这种状况下,channelRegistered和channelActive方法都不会被调用,因此必须在handlerAdded中调用initialize。若是此时,Channnel已经处于Active状态,但还没被注册到EventLoop,只能在channelRegisted中调用initialize。

  

  初始化完成以后,延迟任务到期执行时会把本身再次提交到EventExecutor中,等待下次执行。同时会检查是否知足触发事件的条件,若是是就触发一条自定义的事件。

  

read空闲超时检查

 1 private final class ReaderIdleTimeoutTask extends AbstractIdleTask {  2  @Override  3         protected void run(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {  4             long nextDelay = readerIdleTimeNanos;  5             if (!reading) {  6                 nextDelay -= ticksInNanos() - lastReadTime;  7  }  8 
 9             if (nextDelay <= 0) { 10                 // Reader is idle - set a new timeout and notify the callback.
11                 readerIdleTimeout = schedule(ctx, this, readerIdleTimeNanos, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS); 12 
13                 boolean first = firstReaderIdleEvent; 14                 firstReaderIdleEvent = false; 15 
16                 try { 17                     IdleStateEvent event = newIdleStateEvent(IdleState.READER_IDLE, first); 18  channelIdle(ctx, event); 19                 } catch (Throwable t) { 20  ctx.fireExceptionCaught(t); 21  } 22             } else { 23                 // Read occurred before the timeout - set a new timeout with shorter delay.
24                 readerIdleTimeout = schedule(ctx, this, nextDelay, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS); 25  } 26  } 27     }

  4-9行,判断是否read空闲超时。

  11-21行,read空闲超时,从新把本身提交成延迟任务。

  24行,read没有空闲超时,从新把本身提交成延迟任务。

  这里的关键是判断read空闲超时。lastReadTime是最近一次执行read的时间,readerIdleTimeNanos是初始化时设置的空闲超时时间,所以若是readerIdleTimeNanos - (ticksInNanos() - lastReadtime)  <= 0,表示已经read空闲超时了。使人困惑的是第5行,只有在reading==false才检查进行空闲超时的计算。笔者在<<netty源码解解析(4.0)-14 Channel NIO实现:读取数据>>一章中分析过Channel read的实现。一次read操做或触发多个read和一个readComplete事件,read操做由多个步骤组成。这reading属性用来表示正在read的状态。

 1  @Override  2     public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {  3         if (readerIdleTimeNanos > 0 || allIdleTimeNanos > 0) {  4             reading = true;  5             firstReaderIdleEvent = firstAllIdleEvent = true;  6  }  7  ctx.fireChannelRead(msg);  8  }  9 
10  @Override 11     public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { 12         if ((readerIdleTimeNanos > 0 || allIdleTimeNanos > 0) && reading) { 13             lastReadTime = ticksInNanos(); 14             reading = false; 15  } 16  ctx.fireChannelReadComplete(); 17     }

  3-4行,在设置了读空闲超时或全部空闲超时的状况下,会吧reading设置成true,表示当前正处于正在read的状态。

  12-14行,在设置了读空闲超时或全部空闲超时的状况下, 若是当前正处于read状态,把reading设置成false,同时更新最近一次执行read的时间。

 

write空闲超时检查

 1     private final class WriterIdleTimeoutTask extends AbstractIdleTask {  2 
 3  @Override  4         protected void run(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {  5 
 6             long lastWriteTime = IdleStateHandler.this.lastWriteTime;  7             long nextDelay = writerIdleTimeNanos - (ticksInNanos() - lastWriteTime);  8             if (nextDelay <= 0) {  9                 // Writer is idle - set a new timeout and notify the callback.
10                 writerIdleTimeout = schedule(ctx, this, writerIdleTimeNanos, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS); 11 
12                 boolean first = firstWriterIdleEvent; 13                 firstWriterIdleEvent = false; 14 
15                 try { 16                     if (hasOutputChanged(ctx, first)) { 17                         return; 18  } 19 
20                     IdleStateEvent event = newIdleStateEvent(IdleState.WRITER_IDLE, first); 21  channelIdle(ctx, event); 22                 } catch (Throwable t) { 23  ctx.fireExceptionCaught(t); 24  } 25             } else { 26                 // Write occurred before the timeout - set a new timeout with shorter delay.
27                 writerIdleTimeout = schedule(ctx, this, nextDelay, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS); 28  } 29  } 30     }

 

  6-8行,检查write空闲超时,和检查read空闲超时相似。

  12-21行,若是write空闲超时,且outboundBuffer中的数据没有变化, 触发write空闲超时事件。

  这里调用了hasOutputChanged方法检查outboundBuffer中的数据是否有变化。笔者在<<netty源码解解析(4.0)-15 Channel NIO实现:写数据>>中分write实现时,已经讲过,每一个Channel都以一个outboundBuffer, write的数据会先序列化成Byte流追加到outboundBuffer中,而后再从outboundBuffer中顺序读出Byte流执行真正的write操做。在Handler的write方法没有被调用的状况下,若是outboundBuffer中有数据,且数据发送了变化,表示正在执行真正的write操做,反之则意味着Channel处于不可写的状态,没法执行真正的write操做。write空闲超时事件只会在write空闲超时且没有执行真正write操做的时候才会触发。另外,这个检查有个开关属性,只有observeOutput==true时才会检查。

  

  AllIdleTimeoutTask的实现和WriterIdleTimeoutTask相似,只不过检查超时的条件有些差异:read和write任何一个空闲超时都算超时。

 

ReadTimeoutHandler实现

  ReadTimeoutHandler继承了IdleStateHandler类,它的功能是在触发read空闲超时事件时触发一个ReadTimeoutException异常,同时关闭Channel。 

 @Override protected final void channelIdle(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, IdleStateEvent evt) throws Exception { assert evt.state() == IdleState.READER_IDLE; readTimedOut(ctx); } /** * Is called when a read timeout was detected. */
    protected void readTimedOut(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { if (!closed) { ctx.fireExceptionCaught(ReadTimeoutException.INSTANCE); ctx.close(); closed = true; } }

 

 

WriteTimeoutHandler实现

  WriteTimeoutHandler继承了ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter,它的功能是在触发监视Channel的write调用超时,若是超时则关闭掉这个Channel。和ReadTimeoutHandler不一样,它监控的不是空闲超时,而是Channel的write方法返回的Promise超时。

  首先在write时候,为每一个Promise添加一个监控超时的延迟任务:

 @Override public void write(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg, ChannelPromise promise) throws Exception { scheduleTimeout(ctx, promise); ctx.write(msg, promise); } private void scheduleTimeout(final ChannelHandlerContext ctx, final ChannelPromise promise) { // Schedule a timeout.
        final WriteTimeoutTask task = new WriteTimeoutTask(ctx, promise); task.scheduledFuture = ctx.executor().schedule(task, timeoutNanos, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS); if (!task.scheduledFuture.isDone()) { addWriteTimeoutTask(task); // Cancel the scheduled timeout if the flush promise is complete.
 promise.addListener(task); } }

   而后,若是延迟任务执行的时候检查到Promise超时,就触发一个WriteTimeoutException异常,而后关闭掉这个Channel。

protected void writeTimedOut(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { if (!closed) { ctx.fireExceptionCaught(WriteTimeoutException.INSTANCE); ctx.close(); closed = true; } }

   WriteTimeoutTask类同时实现了Runnable和ChannelFutureListener接口,超时后会调用run方法。

 1  @Override  2         public void run() {  3             // Was not written yet so issue a write timeout  4             // The promise itself will be failed with a ClosedChannelException once the close() was issued  5             // See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/2159
 6             if (!promise.isDone()) {  7                 try {  8  writeTimedOut(ctx);  9                 } catch (Throwable t) { 10  ctx.fireExceptionCaught(t); 11  } 12  } 13             removeWriteTimeoutTask(this); 14         }

  7-10行,promise没有完成,触发WriteTimeoutException或其余异常。

      13行,write已经完成,删除当前的WriteTimeoutTask对象。

    若是promise已经完成, 会调用operationComplete方法, 清理掉当前的WriteTimeoutTask对象。

 @Override public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) throws Exception { // scheduledFuture has already be set when reaching here
            scheduledFuture.cancel(false); removeWriteTimeoutTask(this); }

   

  

原文出处:https://www.cnblogs.com/brandonli/p/11252760.html

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