list是java集合中很重要的一部分,而ArrayList是最经常使用的list,学习一下源码仍是颇有必要的。(如下代码来自jdk1.8.0_20)java
public class ArrayList<E> extends AbstractList<E>
implements List<E>, RandomAccess, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable
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ArrayList继承自AbstractList,实现了List,RandomAccess,Cloneable,java.io.Serializable接口,RandomAccess接口表示ArrayList能够随机访问,由于ArrayList底层是数组实现的。数组
private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10;
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private static final Object[] EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};
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private static final Object[] DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};
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transient Object[] elementData;
函数
ArrayList有3个构造函数,包括无参构造函数,参数为int型的构造函数,参数为集合的构造函数。学习
参数为0时,elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA。第一次增长元素时扩容到1。ui
无参时,elementData = DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA; 第一次增长元素时扩容为默认容量10。this
public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) {
if (initialCapacity > 0) {
this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];
} else if (initialCapacity == 0) {
this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
} else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
initialCapacity);
}
}
public ArrayList() {
this.elementData = DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
}
public ArrayList(Collection<? extends E> c) {
elementData = c.toArray();
if ((size = elementData.length) != 0) {
// c.toArray might (incorrectly) not return Object[] (see 6260652)
if (elementData.getClass() != Object[].class)
elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size, Object[].class);
} else {
// replace with empty array.
this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
}
}
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public boolean add(E e) {
ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // 添加元素时首先保证容量大小,而且modCount++
elementData[size++] = e; //容量大小足够,对数组size位置赋值,size加1
return true;
}
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private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) {
if (elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) { //无参声明时,最小容量为默认大小10
minCapacity = Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity);
}
ensureExplicitCapacity(minCapacity);
}
private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) {
modCount++; //修改次数加1
// overflow-conscious code
if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0) //若是须要的最小容量大于当前数组大小,进行扩容
grow(minCapacity);
}
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private void grow(int minCapacity) {
// overflow-conscious code
int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1); //新容量大小为旧容量+旧容量/2
if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0) //若是扩容1.5倍小于须要的最小容量,则使用最小容量,
例如new ArrayList(0)时,旧容量为0,1.5倍仍为0,而minCapacity为1
newCapacity = minCapacity;
if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
// minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:
elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity); //使用Arrays类的copyOf方法复制数组
}
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public E set(int index, E element) {
rangeCheck(index); //下标范围检查
E oldValue = elementData(index);
elementData[index] = element;
return oldValue;
}
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public E get(int index) {
rangeCheck(index); //首先进行下标检查
return elementData(index); //返回数组中的值
}
private void rangeCheck(int index) {
if (index >= size)
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
}
E elementData(int index) {
return (E) elementData[index];
}
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remove方法spa
System.arraycopy(Object src, int srcPos, Object dest, int destPos, int length),集合拷贝函数,五个参数分别表示:src源对象,srcPos源对象拷贝的起始下标,dest目标对象,destPos复制到目标对象的起始位置,length拷贝的长度
public E remove(int index) {
rangeCheck(index); //首先进行下标范围检查
modCount++; //修改次数加1
E oldValue = elementData(index);
int numMoved = size - index - 1; //计算须要移动的元素数量(删除index上的数据以后,后面的数据须要前移1位)
if (numMoved > 0) //若是删除的元素后有元素须要移动,调用System.arraycopy方法把后面的元素前移1位
System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
numMoved); //
elementData[--size] = null; // 最后一位赋值为null,方便垃圾回收
return oldValue;
}
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按元素删除时,null分开判断,由于null的equals结果老是返回false
public boolean remove(Object o) {
if (o == null) { //若是删除的是null元素,用==判断相等
for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)
if (elementData[index] == null) {
fastRemove(index);
return true;
}
} else {
for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)
if (o.equals(elementData[index])) { //删除非null的元素用equals判断元素相等
fastRemove(index);
return true; //删除第一个匹配的元素以后推出循环,再也不查找
}
}
return false;
}
//fastRemove(int index)方法和remove(int index)方法相似,只是不须要进行下标范围检查和返回删除的元素值
private void fastRemove(int index) {
modCount++;
int numMoved = size - index - 1;
if (numMoved > 0)
System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
numMoved);
elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work
}
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public int size() {
return size;
}
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public boolean isEmpty() {
return size == 0;
}
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public void clear() {
modCount++;
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
elementData[i] = null; //把数组中元素所有赋值为null方便垃圾回收,释放空间
size = 0;
}
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public int indexOf(Object o) {
if (o == null) {
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
if (elementData[i]==null)
return i;
} else {
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
if (o.equals(elementData[i]))
return i;
}
return -1;
}
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public int lastIndexOf(Object o) {
if (o == null) {
for (int i = size-1; i >= 0; i--)
if (elementData[i]==null)
return i;
} else {
for (int i = size-1; i >= 0; i--)
if (o.equals(elementData[i]))
return i;
}
return -1;
}
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这就是咱们定义了ArrayList list=new ArrayList<>();而后获取数组时使用String[] array= (String[]) list.toArray();会抛出Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ClassCastException: [Ljava.lang.Object; cannot be cast to [Ljava.lang.String;异常的缘由。
public Object[] toArray() {
return Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size);
}
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Arrays.copyOf(T[] original, int newLength)方法
public static <T> T[] copyOf(T[] original, int newLength) {
return (T[]) copyOf(original, newLength, original.getClass());
}
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Arrays.copyOf(T[] original, int newLength, Class<? extends Object[]> newType)方法
public static <T,U> T[] copyOf(U[] original, int newLength, Class<? extends T[]> newType) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
T[] copy = ((Object)newType == (Object)Object[].class)
? (T[]) new Object[newLength]
: (T[]) Array.newInstance(newType.getComponentType(), newLength);
System.arraycopy(original, 0, copy, 0,
Math.min(original.length, newLength));
return copy;
}
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ArrayList还有一个toArray方法,须要传入一个数组参数,从而避免上面这中类转换异常。
public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {
if (a.length < size)
// Make a new array of a's runtime type, but my contents: return (T[]) Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size, a.getClass()); System.arraycopy(elementData, 0, a, 0, size); if (a.length > size) a[size] = null; return a; } 复制代码
public void sort(Comparator<? super E> c) {
final int expectedModCount = modCount;
Arrays.sort((E[]) elementData, 0, size, c);
if (modCount != expectedModCount) {
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
modCount++;
}
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public List<E> subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
subListRangeCheck(fromIndex, toIndex, size); //下标范围检查
return new SubList(this, 0, fromIndex, toIndex); //返回一个SubList对象
}
static void subListRangeCheck(int fromIndex, int toIndex, int size) {
if (fromIndex < 0)
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("fromIndex = " + fromIndex);
if (toIndex > size)
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("toIndex = " + toIndex);
if (fromIndex > toIndex)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("fromIndex(" + fromIndex +
") > toIndex(" + toIndex + ")");
}
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SubList是ArrayList的一个内部类,构造以下,能够看出来SubList中并无存储元素的数组,而是使用成员变量记录父列表中下标,因此修改父列表中的元素,子列表中的元素也会变化。SubList也有add、set、get、size等方法,方法体和ArrayList中的方法基本同样或者是调用ArrayList中的方法。
private class SubList extends AbstractList<E> implements RandomAccess {
private final AbstractList<E> parent; //父列表
private final int parentOffset; //父列表中的偏移量
private final int offset; //偏移量
int size; //大小
SubList(AbstractList<E> parent,
int offset, int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
this.parent = parent;
this.parentOffset = fromIndex;
this.offset = offset + fromIndex;
this.size = toIndex - fromIndex;
this.modCount = ArrayList.this.modCount;
}
add、set、get方法等。。。
}
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Iterator是用于遍历集合类的标准访问方法,它能够把访问逻辑从不一样类型的集合类中抽象出来,从而避免向客户端暴露集合的内部结构。例如咱们使用for循环来遍历list,对于ArrayList和LinkedList咱们就须要写两种不一样的方法来访问其中的元素,而且若是之后代码中的ArrayList换成LinkedList也需求修改大量使用到的代码。
咱们首先使用list的iterator()方法获取该列表的Iterator对象,而后使用Iterator对象的hasNext方法来判断是否还有元素,next方法返回一个元素,remove方法删除返回的元素。
public Iterator<E> iterator() {
return new Itr();
}
private class Itr implements Iterator<E> {
int cursor; // 下一个返回元素的下标
int lastRet = -1; // 最后返回的元素的下标,若是是-1,表明没有
int expectedModCount = modCount; //指望修改次数,用于fail-fast机制
public boolean hasNext() {
return cursor != size;
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public E next() {
checkForComodification(); //fail-fast机制检查,若是有其余线程修改了这个list,会抛出ConcurrentModificationException异常
int i = cursor;
if (i >= size) //下标检查
throw new NoSuchElementException();
Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData;
if (i >= elementData.length) //再次检查下标是否越界
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
cursor = i + 1;
return (E) elementData[lastRet = i]; //返回元素,并记录lastRet
}
public void remove() {
if (lastRet < 0)
throw new IllegalStateException();
checkForComodification();
try {
ArrayList.this.remove(lastRet);
cursor = lastRet;
lastRet = -1; //remove方法执行事后,清除上次返回元素的记录,不能再次调用该方法。
expectedModCount = modCount;
} catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
@Override
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super E> consumer) {
Objects.requireNonNull(consumer);
final int size = ArrayList.this.size;
int i = cursor;
if (i >= size) {
return;
}
final Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData;
if (i >= elementData.length) {
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
while (i != size && modCount == expectedModCount) {
consumer.accept((E) elementData[i++]);
}
// update once at end of iteration to reduce heap write traffic
cursor = i;
lastRet = i - 1;
checkForComodification();
}
final void checkForComodification() {
if (modCount != expectedModCount)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
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