SpringBoot实战电商项目mall(30k+star)地址:github.com/macrozheng/…java
Spring Data Redis 是Spring 框架提供的用于操做Redis的方式,最近整理了下它的用法,解决了使用过程当中遇到的一些难点与坑点,但愿对你们有所帮助。本文涵盖了Redis的安装、Spring Cache结合Redis的使用、Redis链接池的使用和RedisTemplate的使用等内容。git
这里提供Linux和Windows两种安装方式,因为Windows下的版本最高只有3.2版本,因此推荐使用Linux下的版本,目前最新稳定版本为5.0,也是本文中使用的版本。github
这里咱们使用Docker环境下的安装方式。redis
docker pull redis:5.0
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docker run -p 6379:6379 --name redis \
-v /mydata/redis/data:/data \
-d redis:5.0 redis-server --appendonly yes
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想使用Windows版本的朋友可使用如下安装方式。spring
当Spring Boot 结合Redis来做为缓存使用时,最简单的方式就是使用Spring Cache了,使用它咱们无需知道Spring中对Redis的各类操做,仅仅经过它提供的@Cacheable 、@CachePut 、@CacheEvict 、@EnableCaching等注解就能够实现缓存功能。docker
开启缓存功能,通常放在启动类上。数据库
使用该注解的方法当缓存存在时,会从缓存中获取数据而不执行方法,当缓存不存在时,会执行方法并把返回结果存入缓存中。通常使用在查询方法上
,能够设置以下属性:apache
使用该注解的方法每次执行时都会把返回结果存入缓存中。通常使用在新增方法上
,能够设置以下属性:windows
使用该注解的方法执行时会清空指定的缓存。通常使用在更新或删除方法上
,能够设置以下属性:缓存
<!--redis依赖配置-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
</dependency>
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spring:
redis:
host: 192.168.6.139 # Redis服务器地址
database: 0 # Redis数据库索引(默认为0)
port: 6379 # Redis服务器链接端口
password: # Redis服务器链接密码(默认为空)
timeout: 1000ms # 链接超时时间
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@EnableCaching
@SpringBootApplication
public class MallTinyApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MallTinyApplication.class, args);
}
}
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/** * PmsBrandService实现类 * Created by macro on 2019/4/19. */
@Service
public class PmsBrandServiceImpl implements PmsBrandService {
@Autowired
private PmsBrandMapper brandMapper;
@CacheEvict(value = RedisConfig.REDIS_KEY_DATABASE, key = "'pms:brand:'+#id")
@Override
public int update(Long id, PmsBrand brand) {
brand.setId(id);
return brandMapper.updateByPrimaryKeySelective(brand);
}
@CacheEvict(value = RedisConfig.REDIS_KEY_DATABASE, key = "'pms:brand:'+#id")
@Override
public int delete(Long id) {
return brandMapper.deleteByPrimaryKey(id);
}
@Cacheable(value = RedisConfig.REDIS_KEY_DATABASE, key = "'pms:brand:'+#id", unless = "#result==null")
@Override
public PmsBrand getItem(Long id) {
return brandMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(id);
}
}
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此时咱们就会想到有没有什么办法让Redis中存储的数据变成标准的JSON格式,而后能够设置必定的过时时间,不设置过时时间容易产生不少没必要要的缓存数据。
/** * Redis配置类 * Created by macro on 2020/3/2. */
@EnableCaching
@Configuration
public class RedisConfig extends CachingConfigurerSupport {
/** * redis数据库自定义key */
public static final String REDIS_KEY_DATABASE="mall";
@Bean
public RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) {
RedisSerializer<Object> serializer = redisSerializer();
RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate = new RedisTemplate<>();
redisTemplate.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
redisTemplate.setValueSerializer(serializer);
redisTemplate.setHashKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
redisTemplate.setHashValueSerializer(serializer);
redisTemplate.afterPropertiesSet();
return redisTemplate;
}
@Bean
public RedisSerializer<Object> redisSerializer() {
//建立JSON序列化器
Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer<Object> serializer = new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer<>(Object.class);
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
objectMapper.setVisibility(PropertyAccessor.ALL, JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY);
objectMapper.enableDefaultTyping(ObjectMapper.DefaultTyping.NON_FINAL);
serializer.setObjectMapper(objectMapper);
return serializer;
}
@Bean
public RedisCacheManager redisCacheManager(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) {
RedisCacheWriter redisCacheWriter = RedisCacheWriter.nonLockingRedisCacheWriter(redisConnectionFactory);
//设置Redis缓存有效期为1天
RedisCacheConfiguration redisCacheConfiguration = RedisCacheConfiguration.defaultCacheConfig()
.serializeValuesWith(RedisSerializationContext.SerializationPair.fromSerializer(redisSerializer())).entryTtl(Duration.ofDays(1));
return new RedisCacheManager(redisCacheWriter, redisCacheConfiguration);
}
}
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SpringBoot 1.5.x版本Redis客户端默认是Jedis实现的,SpringBoot 2.x版本中默认客户端是用Lettuce实现的,咱们先来了解下Jedis和Lettuce客户端。
Jedis在实现上是直连Redis服务,多线程环境下非线程安全,除非使用链接池,为每一个 RedisConnection 实例增长物理链接。
Lettuce是一种可伸缩,线程安全,彻底非阻塞的Redis客户端,多个线程能够共享一个RedisConnection,它利用Netty NIO框架来高效地管理多个链接,从而提供了异步和同步数据访问方式,用于构建非阻塞的反应性应用程序。
spring:
redis:
lettuce:
pool:
max-active: 8 # 链接池最大链接数
max-idle: 8 # 链接池最大空闲链接数
min-idle: 0 # 链接池最小空闲链接数
max-wait: -1ms # 链接池最大阻塞等待时间,负值表示没有限制
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<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-pool2</artifactId>
</dependency>
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Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/commons/pool2/impl/GenericObjectPoolConfig
at org.springframework.data.redis.connection.lettuce.LettucePoolingClientConfiguration$LettucePoolingClientConfigurationBuilder.<init>(LettucePoolingClientConfiguration.java:84) ~[spring-data-redis-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar:2.1.5.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.data.redis.connection.lettuce.LettucePoolingClientConfiguration.builder(LettucePoolingClientConfiguration.java:48) ~[spring-data-redis-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar:2.1.5.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.LettuceConnectionConfiguration$PoolBuilderFactory.createBuilder(LettuceConnectionConfiguration.java:149) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.1.3.RELEASE.jar:2.1.3.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.LettuceConnectionConfiguration.createBuilder(LettuceConnectionConfiguration.java:107) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.1.3.RELEASE.jar:2.1.3.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.LettuceConnectionConfiguration.getLettuceClientConfiguration(LettuceConnectionConfiguration.java:93) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.1.3.RELEASE.jar:2.1.3.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.LettuceConnectionConfiguration.redisConnectionFactory(LettuceConnectionConfiguration.java:74) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.1.3.RELEASE.jar:2.1.3.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.LettuceConnectionConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$5caa7e47.CGLIB$redisConnectionFactory$0(<generated>) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.1.3.RELEASE.jar:2.1.3.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.LettuceConnectionConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$5caa7e47$$FastClassBySpringCGLIB$$b8ae2813.invoke(<generated>) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.1.3.RELEASE.jar:2.1.3.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy.invokeSuper(MethodProxy.java:244) ~[spring-core-5.1.5.RELEASE.jar:5.1.5.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassEnhancer$BeanMethodInterceptor.intercept(ConfigurationClassEnhancer.java:363) ~[spring-context-5.1.5.RELEASE.jar:5.1.5.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.LettuceConnectionConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$5caa7e47.redisConnectionFactory(<generated>) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.1.3.RELEASE.jar:2.1.3.RELEASE]
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_91]
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) ~[na:1.8.0_91]
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[na:1.8.0_91]
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) ~[na:1.8.0_91]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:154) ~[spring-beans-5.1.5.RELEASE.jar:5.1.5.RELEASE]
... 111 common frames omitted
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Spring Cache 给咱们提供了操做Redis缓存的便捷方法,可是也有不少局限性。好比说咱们想单独设置一个缓存值的有效期怎么办?咱们并不想缓存方法的返回值,咱们想缓存方法中产生的中间值怎么办?此时咱们就须要用到RedisTemplate这个类了,接下来咱们来说下如何经过RedisTemplate来自由操做Redis中的缓存。
定义Redis操做业务类,在Redis中有几种数据结构,好比普通结构(对象),Hash结构、Set结构、List结构,该接口中定义了大多数经常使用操做方法。
/** * redis操做Service * Created by macro on 2020/3/3. */
public interface RedisService {
/** * 保存属性 */
void set(String key, Object value, long time);
/** * 保存属性 */
void set(String key, Object value);
/** * 获取属性 */
Object get(String key);
/** * 删除属性 */
Boolean del(String key);
/** * 批量删除属性 */
Long del(List<String> keys);
/** * 设置过时时间 */
Boolean expire(String key, long time);
/** * 获取过时时间 */
Long getExpire(String key);
/** * 判断是否有该属性 */
Boolean hasKey(String key);
/** * 按delta递增 */
Long incr(String key, long delta);
/** * 按delta递减 */
Long decr(String key, long delta);
/** * 获取Hash结构中的属性 */
Object hGet(String key, String hashKey);
/** * 向Hash结构中放入一个属性 */
Boolean hSet(String key, String hashKey, Object value, long time);
/** * 向Hash结构中放入一个属性 */
void hSet(String key, String hashKey, Object value);
/** * 直接获取整个Hash结构 */
Map<Object, Object> hGetAll(String key);
/** * 直接设置整个Hash结构 */
Boolean hSetAll(String key, Map<String, Object> map, long time);
/** * 直接设置整个Hash结构 */
void hSetAll(String key, Map<String, Object> map);
/** * 删除Hash结构中的属性 */
void hDel(String key, Object... hashKey);
/** * 判断Hash结构中是否有该属性 */
Boolean hHasKey(String key, String hashKey);
/** * Hash结构中属性递增 */
Long hIncr(String key, String hashKey, Long delta);
/** * Hash结构中属性递减 */
Long hDecr(String key, String hashKey, Long delta);
/** * 获取Set结构 */
Set<Object> sMembers(String key);
/** * 向Set结构中添加属性 */
Long sAdd(String key, Object... values);
/** * 向Set结构中添加属性 */
Long sAdd(String key, long time, Object... values);
/** * 是否为Set中的属性 */
Boolean sIsMember(String key, Object value);
/** * 获取Set结构的长度 */
Long sSize(String key);
/** * 删除Set结构中的属性 */
Long sRemove(String key, Object... values);
/** * 获取List结构中的属性 */
List<Object> lRange(String key, long start, long end);
/** * 获取List结构的长度 */
Long lSize(String key);
/** * 根据索引获取List中的属性 */
Object lIndex(String key, long index);
/** * 向List结构中添加属性 */
Long lPush(String key, Object value);
/** * 向List结构中添加属性 */
Long lPush(String key, Object value, long time);
/** * 向List结构中批量添加属性 */
Long lPushAll(String key, Object... values);
/** * 向List结构中批量添加属性 */
Long lPushAll(String key, Long time, Object... values);
/** * 从List结构中移除属性 */
Long lRemove(String key, long count, Object value);
}
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RedisService的实现类,使用RedisTemplate来自由操做Redis中的缓存数据。
/** * redis操做实现类 * Created by macro on 2020/3/3. */
@Service
public class RedisServiceImpl implements RedisService {
@Autowired
private RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate;
@Override
public void set(String key, Object value, long time) {
redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, value, time, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
@Override
public void set(String key, Object value) {
redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, value);
}
@Override
public Object get(String key) {
return redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key);
}
@Override
public Boolean del(String key) {
return redisTemplate.delete(key);
}
@Override
public Long del(List<String> keys) {
return redisTemplate.delete(keys);
}
@Override
public Boolean expire(String key, long time) {
return redisTemplate.expire(key, time, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
@Override
public Long getExpire(String key) {
return redisTemplate.getExpire(key, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
@Override
public Boolean hasKey(String key) {
return redisTemplate.hasKey(key);
}
@Override
public Long incr(String key, long delta) {
return redisTemplate.opsForValue().increment(key, delta);
}
@Override
public Long decr(String key, long delta) {
return redisTemplate.opsForValue().increment(key, -delta);
}
@Override
public Object hGet(String key, String hashKey) {
return redisTemplate.opsForHash().get(key, hashKey);
}
@Override
public Boolean hSet(String key, String hashKey, Object value, long time) {
redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(key, hashKey, value);
return expire(key, time);
}
@Override
public void hSet(String key, String hashKey, Object value) {
redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(key, hashKey, value);
}
@Override
public Map<Object, Object> hGetAll(String key) {
return redisTemplate.opsForHash().entries(key);
}
@Override
public Boolean hSetAll(String key, Map<String, Object> map, long time) {
redisTemplate.opsForHash().putAll(key, map);
return expire(key, time);
}
@Override
public void hSetAll(String key, Map<String, Object> map) {
redisTemplate.opsForHash().putAll(key, map);
}
@Override
public void hDel(String key, Object... hashKey) {
redisTemplate.opsForHash().delete(key, hashKey);
}
@Override
public Boolean hHasKey(String key, String hashKey) {
return redisTemplate.opsForHash().hasKey(key, hashKey);
}
@Override
public Long hIncr(String key, String hashKey, Long delta) {
return redisTemplate.opsForHash().increment(key, hashKey, delta);
}
@Override
public Long hDecr(String key, String hashKey, Long delta) {
return redisTemplate.opsForHash().increment(key, hashKey, -delta);
}
@Override
public Set<Object> sMembers(String key) {
return redisTemplate.opsForSet().members(key);
}
@Override
public Long sAdd(String key, Object... values) {
return redisTemplate.opsForSet().add(key, values);
}
@Override
public Long sAdd(String key, long time, Object... values) {
Long count = redisTemplate.opsForSet().add(key, values);
expire(key, time);
return count;
}
@Override
public Boolean sIsMember(String key, Object value) {
return redisTemplate.opsForSet().isMember(key, value);
}
@Override
public Long sSize(String key) {
return redisTemplate.opsForSet().size(key);
}
@Override
public Long sRemove(String key, Object... values) {
return redisTemplate.opsForSet().remove(key, values);
}
@Override
public List<Object> lRange(String key, long start, long end) {
return redisTemplate.opsForList().range(key, start, end);
}
@Override
public Long lSize(String key) {
return redisTemplate.opsForList().size(key);
}
@Override
public Object lIndex(String key, long index) {
return redisTemplate.opsForList().index(key, index);
}
@Override
public Long lPush(String key, Object value) {
return redisTemplate.opsForList().rightPush(key, value);
}
@Override
public Long lPush(String key, Object value, long time) {
Long index = redisTemplate.opsForList().rightPush(key, value);
expire(key, time);
return index;
}
@Override
public Long lPushAll(String key, Object... values) {
return redisTemplate.opsForList().rightPushAll(key, values);
}
@Override
public Long lPushAll(String key, Long time, Object... values) {
Long count = redisTemplate.opsForList().rightPushAll(key, values);
expire(key, time);
return count;
}
@Override
public Long lRemove(String key, long count, Object value) {
return redisTemplate.opsForList().remove(key, count, value);
}
}
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测试RedisService中缓存操做的Controller,你们能够调用测试下。
/** * Redis测试Controller * Created by macro on 2020/3/3. */
@Api(tags = "RedisController", description = "Redis测试")
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/redis")
public class RedisController {
@Autowired
private RedisService redisService;
@Autowired
private PmsBrandService brandService;
@ApiOperation("测试简单缓存")
@RequestMapping(value = "/simpleTest", method = RequestMethod.GET)
@ResponseBody
public CommonResult<PmsBrand> simpleTest() {
List<PmsBrand> brandList = brandService.list(1, 5);
PmsBrand brand = brandList.get(0);
String key = "redis:simple:" + brand.getId();
redisService.set(key, brand);
PmsBrand cacheBrand = (PmsBrand) redisService.get(key);
return CommonResult.success(cacheBrand);
}
@ApiOperation("测试Hash结构的缓存")
@RequestMapping(value = "/hashTest", method = RequestMethod.GET)
@ResponseBody
public CommonResult<PmsBrand> hashTest() {
List<PmsBrand> brandList = brandService.list(1, 5);
PmsBrand brand = brandList.get(0);
String key = "redis:hash:" + brand.getId();
Map<String, Object> value = BeanUtil.beanToMap(brand);
redisService.hSetAll(key, value);
Map<Object, Object> cacheValue = redisService.hGetAll(key);
PmsBrand cacheBrand = BeanUtil.mapToBean(cacheValue, PmsBrand.class, true);
return CommonResult.success(cacheBrand);
}
@ApiOperation("测试Set结构的缓存")
@RequestMapping(value = "/setTest", method = RequestMethod.GET)
@ResponseBody
public CommonResult<Set<Object>> setTest() {
List<PmsBrand> brandList = brandService.list(1, 5);
String key = "redis:set:all";
redisService.sAdd(key, (Object[]) ArrayUtil.toArray(brandList, PmsBrand.class));
redisService.sRemove(key, brandList.get(0));
Set<Object> cachedBrandList = redisService.sMembers(key);
return CommonResult.success(cachedBrandList);
}
@ApiOperation("测试List结构的缓存")
@RequestMapping(value = "/listTest", method = RequestMethod.GET)
@ResponseBody
public CommonResult<List<Object>> listTest() {
List<PmsBrand> brandList = brandService.list(1, 5);
String key = "redis:list:all";
redisService.lPushAll(key, (Object[]) ArrayUtil.toArray(brandList, PmsBrand.class));
redisService.lRemove(key, 1, brandList.get(0));
List<Object> cachedBrandList = redisService.lRange(key, 0, 3);
return CommonResult.success(cachedBrandList);
}
}
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