安装oracle 11gR2单实例+ASM
1.建立ORACLE用户和组成员
groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
groupadd oper
groupadd asmadmin
groupadd asmdba
groupadd asmoper
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper -d /home/oracle oracle (命令自动建立/home/oracle目录)
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper -d /home/grid grid
(命令
自动建立/home/grid目录
)
2.分别建立oracle、grid用户的密码
passwd oracle
new unix password: oracle
passwd oracle
new unix password: oracle
passwd grid
[root@bj oraInventory]# cd /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/
[root@bj grid]# ./root.sh
Running Oracle 11g root.sh script...
The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= grid
ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/11.2.0/grid
Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: 回车
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root.sh script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
To configure Grid Infrastructure for a Stand-Alone Server run the following command as the root user:
/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/perl/bin/perl -I/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/perl/lib -I/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/roothas.pl
To configure Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster perform the following steps:
1. Provide values for Grid Infrastructure configuration parameters in the file - /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_params. For details on how to do this, see the installation guide.
2. Run the following command as the root user:
/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/perl/bin/perl -I/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/perl/lib -I/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/rootcrs.pl
To update inventory properties for Grid Infrastructure, perform the following
steps. If a pre-11.2 home is already configured, execute the following:
11.2_Home/oui/bin/runInstaller -updateNodeList -silent -local CRS=false ORACLE_HOME=pre-11.2_Home
Always execute the following to register the current home:
11.2_Home/oui/bin/runInstaller -updateNodeList -silent -local CRS=true ORACLE_HOME=11.2_Home.
If either home is shared, provide the additional argument -cfs.
Recovery FLASHBACK 不选
ENABLEARCHIVING 不选
standard database compoents 所有选
new unix password: grid
//建立如下目录
mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
mkdir -p /u02/arch
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u02
chmod -R 775 /u01
mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
mkdir -p /u02/arch
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u02
chmod -R 775 /u01
chmod -R 775 /u02
4.使用oracle用户登录，设置oracle用户的环境变量
//增长如下几行
[oracle@ctp-dbserver ~]$ vim .bash_profile
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
ORACLE_SID=orcl
PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$HOME/bin
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
ORACLE_SID=orcl
PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$HOME/bin
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8
umask 022
5.使用grid域名登录，设置grid用户的环境变量
//增长如下几行
[grid@ctp-dbserver ~]$ vim .bash_profile
//增长如下几行
[grid@ctp-dbserver ~]$ vim .bash_profile
export PATH
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export NLS_LANG=American_america.ZHS16GBK
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin :$HOME/bin
export ORACLE_SID=+ASM
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export NLS_LANG=American_america.ZHS16GBK
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin :$HOME/bin
export ORACLE_SID=+ASM
10.将必要的
安装文件上传至服务器
如:
//oracle用户 安装软件 ，存放/u02下
//ASM使用的3个rpm包 存放/root下
oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.x86_64.rpm
oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5.x86_64.rpm
如:
//oracle用户 安装软件 ，存放/u02下
linux_11gR2_database_1of2 （11.2.0.1）
linux_11gR2_database_2of2
（
11.2.0.1）
linux_11gR2_grid
（
11.2.0.1）
或者
p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
（
11.2.0.3）
p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
（
11.2.0.3）
p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip
（
11.2.0.3）
oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.x86_64.rpm
oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5.x86_64.rpm
oracleasm-support-2.1.7-1.el5.x86_64.rpm
//安装依赖的rpm包 存放/root下，按照实际系统配置决定，有的包已经
安装；
查看须要哪些包：
官方文档--http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/index.htm --->
Installing and Upgrading--->
Database Client Quick Installation Guide for Linux x86--->
4
Checking the Software Requirements----->
4.3
Package Requirements
The following or later version of packages for Asianux Server 3, Oracle Linux 5, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 should be installed:
binutils-2.17.50.0.6 compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 elfutils-libelf-0.125 elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125 elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125 gcc-4.1.2 gcc-c++-4.1.2 glibc-2.5-24 glibc-common-2.5 glibc-devel-2.5 ksh-20060214 libaio-0.3.106 libaio-devel-0.3.106 libgcc-4.1.2 libgomp-4.1.2 libstdc++-4.1.2 libstdc++-devel-4.1.2 make-3.81 sysstat-7.0.2
unixODBC-devel-2.2.11-7.1.i386.rpm （执行/u02/grid/runInstaller须要）
//可先 rpm -qa |grep 查找是否有缺失未
安装
的rpm包
1.
安装
ASM
//说明：asm组件的 安装 须要3个asm--rpm包的支持，oracleasm rpm须要和linux 系统的内核对应
oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5.i386.rpm //此包根据要官网说明
oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el5.i386.rpm //此包根据要官网说明
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:oracleasm-support ########################################### [ 33%]
2:oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el########################################### [ 67%]
#rpm -ivh *.rpm
3、
安装oralce和ASM组件
给磁盘建立分区html
[root@rac1 ~]# cd /dev/linux
[root@rac1 dev]# ls -l sd*c++
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 0 Sep 12 17:27 sda数据库
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 1 Sep 12 17:28 sda1vim
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 2 Sep 12 17:27 sda2bash
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 3 Sep 12 17:28 sda3服务器
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 16 Sep 12 17:27 sdboracle
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 32 Sep 12 17:27 sdcapp
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 48 Sep 12 17:27 sddide
fdisk dev/sdb
N新建分区
P建立主分区
1 分区数1个
回车
回车
W保存
依次 fdisk dev/sdc
fdisk dev/sdd
[root@rac1 dev]# ll sd*
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 0 Sep 12 17:27 sda
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 1 Sep 12 17:28 sda1
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 2 Sep 12 17:27 sda2
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 3 Sep 12 17:28 sda3
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 16 Sep 12 17:51 sdb
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 17 Sep 12 17:51 sdb1
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 32 Sep 12 17:51 sdc
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 33 Sep 12 17:51 sdc1
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 48 Sep 12 17:51 sdd
brw-r----- 1 root disk 8, 49 Sep 12 17:52 sdd1
//说明：asm组件的 安装 须要3个asm--rpm包的支持，oracleasm rpm须要和linux 系统的内核对应
查看linux系统内核：
#uname -rm
2.6.18
-92.el5 i686
oracleasm 包要求：
oracleasm-2.6.18-92.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm
//此包必须和linux kernel 一致
oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5.i386.rpm //此包根据要官网说明
oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el5.i386.rpm //此包根据要官网说明
[root@薄刀刀 ~]# rpm -ivh *.rpm
warning: oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 1e5e0159
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:oracleasm-support ########################################### [ 33%]
2:oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el########################################### [ 67%]
3:oracleasmlib ########################################### [100%]
//参考：下载地址
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/linux/downloads/rhel5-084877.html
Oracle ASMLib 2.0
Drivers for kernel 2.6.18-92.el5
- oracleasm-2.6.18-92.el5xen-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm
- oracleasm-2.6.18-92.el5debug-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm
- oracleasm-2.6.18-92.el5PAE-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm
- oracleasm-2.6.18-92.el5-debuginfo-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm
- oracleasm-2.6.18-92.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm
2.配置ASM
root用户登陆，（本次 安装为单 实例），执行：
[root@ctp-dbserver ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm configure
Configuring the Oracle ASM library driver.
root用户登陆，（本次 安装为单 实例），执行：
[root@ctp-dbserver ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm configure
Configuring the Oracle ASM library driver.
This will configure the on-boot properties of the Oracle ASM library
driver. The following questions will determine whether the driver is
loaded on boot and what permissions it will have. The current values
will be shown in brackets ('[]'). Hitting <ENTER> without typing an
answer will keep that current value. Ctrl-C will abort.
driver. The following questions will determine whether the driver is
loaded on boot and what permissions it will have. The current values
will be shown in brackets ('[]'). Hitting <ENTER> without typing an
answer will keep that current value. Ctrl-C will abort.
Default user to own the driver interface []:
grid
Default group to own the driver interface []:
asmadmin
Start Oracle ASM library driver on boot (y/n) [n]: y
Scan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n) [y]: y
Writing Oracle ASM library driver configuration: done
Initializing the Oracle ASMLib driver: [ OK ]
Start Oracle ASM library driver on boot (y/n) [n]: y
Scan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n) [y]: y
Writing Oracle ASM library driver configuration: done
Initializing the Oracle ASMLib driver: [ OK ]
Scanning the system for Oracle ASMLib disks: [ OK ]
3.建立ASM磁盘
[root@薄刀刀 ~]# oracleasm createdisk DATA1 /dev/sdb1
Writing disk header: done
Instantiating disk: done
[root@ctp-dbserver ~]# oracleasm createdisk DATA2 /dev/sdc1
Writing disk header: done
Instantiating disk: done
[root@ctp-dbserver ~]#
[root@ctp-dbserver ~]# oracleasm createdisk DATA3 /dev/sdd1
Writing disk header: done
Instantiating disk: done
[root@ctp-dbserver ~]#
[root@ctp-dbserver ~]# oracleasm listdisks
DATA1
DATA2
DATA3
[root@薄刀刀 ~]# oracleasm createdisk DATA1 /dev/sdb1
Writing disk header: done
Instantiating disk: done
[root@ctp-dbserver ~]# oracleasm createdisk DATA2 /dev/sdc1
Writing disk header: done
Instantiating disk: done
[root@ctp-dbserver ~]#
[root@ctp-dbserver ~]# oracleasm createdisk DATA3 /dev/sdd1
Writing disk header: done
Instantiating disk: done
[root@ctp-dbserver ~]#
[root@ctp-dbserver ~]# oracleasm listdisks
DATA1
DATA2
DATA3
5.
安装grid组
[root@bj u02]# su - grid
[grid@bj ~]$ cd /u02
[grid@bj u02]$ ls
arch
linux_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
linux_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
linux_11gR2_grid.zip
oracleasm-2.6.18-92.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm
oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5.i386.rpm
oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el5.i386.rpm
[grid@bj u02]$ unzip linux_11gR2_grid.zip
[grid@bj u02]$ ls
arch
linux_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
linux_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
linux_11gR2_grid.zip
oracleasm-2.6.18-92.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm
oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5.i386.rpm
oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el5.i386.rpm
[grid@bj u02]$ unzip linux_11gR2_grid.zip
[grid@bj u02]$ cd grid/
打开xmanager-passive（window XP）
[grid@bj grid]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.56.1:0 （
xmanager软件锁在IP）
[grid@bj grid]$ ./runInstaller
[grid@bj grid]$ ./runInstaller
[root@bj grid]# cd /u01/app/oraInventory/
[root@bj oraInventory]# ./orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.
Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
[root@bj oraInventory]# ./orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.
Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
[root@bj oraInventory]# cd /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/
[root@bj grid]# ./root.sh
Running Oracle 11g root.sh script...
The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= grid
ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/11.2.0/grid
Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: 回车
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root.sh script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
To configure Grid Infrastructure for a Stand-Alone Server run the following command as the root user:
/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/perl/bin/perl -I/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/perl/lib -I/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/roothas.pl
To configure Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster perform the following steps:
1. Provide values for Grid Infrastructure configuration parameters in the file - /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_params. For details on how to do this, see the installation guide.
2. Run the following command as the root user:
/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/perl/bin/perl -I/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/perl/lib -I/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/rootcrs.pl
To update inventory properties for Grid Infrastructure, perform the following
steps. If a pre-11.2 home is already configured, execute the following:
11.2_Home/oui/bin/runInstaller -updateNodeList -silent -local CRS=false ORACLE_HOME=pre-11.2_Home
Always execute the following to register the current home:
11.2_Home/oui/bin/runInstaller -updateNodeList -silent -local CRS=true ORACLE_HOME=11.2_Home.
If either home is shared, provide the additional argument -cfs.
[root@bj grid]#
在ORACLE 单实例执行./root.sh后，显示上述红色文件， 大意是说，配置grid为一个独立的节点（单实例）须要root用户，执行roothas.pl命令
不然后面的creatasm将会出错。
[root@bj grid]# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/perl/bin/perl -I/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/perl/lib -I/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/roothas.pl
2014-05-17 13:21:15: Checking for super user privileges
2014-05-17 13:21:15: User has super user privileges
2014-05-17 13:21:15: Parsing the host name
Using configuration parameter file: /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_params
Creating trace directory
LOCAL ADD MODE
Creating OCR keys for user 'grid', privgrp 'oinstall'..
Operation successful.
CRS-4664: Node bj successfully pinned.
Adding daemon to inittab
CRS-4123: Oracle High Availability Services has been started.
ohasd is starting
bj 2014/05/17 13:22:36 /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/cdata/bj/backup_20140517_132236.olr
Successfully configured Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server
[root@bj grid]#
2014-05-17 13:21:15: Checking for super user privileges
2014-05-17 13:21:15: User has super user privileges
2014-05-17 13:21:15: Parsing the host name
Using configuration parameter file: /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_params
Creating trace directory
LOCAL ADD MODE
Creating OCR keys for user 'grid', privgrp 'oinstall'..
Operation successful.
CRS-4664: Node bj successfully pinned.
Adding daemon to inittab
CRS-4123: Oracle High Availability Services has been started.
ohasd is starting
bj 2014/05/17 13:22:36 /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/cdata/bj/backup_20140517_132236.olr
Successfully configured Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server
[root@bj grid]#
执行完命令，点击图形界面的OK，CLOSE
6,使用ASMCA建立ASM磁盘组
//ASMCA建立磁盘介绍
//因在硬件上采用了RAID5作冗余，在此将选择Extenal便可
[grid@bj bin]$su - grid
[grid@bj bin]$ pwd
/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin
[grid@bj bin]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.56.1:0
[grid@bj bin]$ ./asmca
[grid@bj bin]$ ./asmca
输入密码oracle
点击Specify Disk Gruop 制定磁盘组
点击“OK”
点击右下角“CREATE ASM” ，提示输入的密码过于简单，点击YES继续
弹出窗口，提示
ASM created and started successfully.
DiskGroup DATA created successfully.
DiskGroup DATA created successfully.
点击“ok”
点击EXIT退出
7，安装oracle软件
[oracle@bj u02]$ su - oracle
[oracle@bj u02]$ unzip linux_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
[oracle@bj u02]$ unzip linux_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
[oracle@bj database]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.56.1:0
[oracle@bj database]$ ./runInstaller
[oracle@bj database]$ ./runInstaller
DBCA建库
[oracle@bj bin]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.56.1:0
[oracle@bj bin]$ /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/dbca
[oracle@bj bin]$ /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/dbca
Operations：选择“建立一个数据库”
数据库模版 ：定制
数据库标识：全局数据库名 orcl
SID前缀： orcl
SID前缀： orcl
管理选项 去除“使用E M配置数据库”前面的勾
去除“自动维护任务”前面的勾
去除“自动维护任务”前面的勾
数据库身份证实， 全部帐户使用同一口令 ，输入口令oracle 两次
存储类型Sotrage Type : Automatic Storage Management（ASM）
存储LOCATION 选择Use Common Location for All Database fILES
Database Files location +DATA
存储LOCATION 选择Use Common Location for All Database fILES
Database Files location +DATA
Recovery FLASHBACK 不选
ENABLEARCHIVING 不选
database components 全不选
standard database compoents 所有选
初始化参数 内存：选择典型，百分比为40% ，使用自动内存管理。
调整大小。BLOCKK SIZE 8192 ,进程选择300
字符集 数据库字符集选择ZHS16GBK 国家字符集选择AL16UTF16
链接模式，选择专用服务器模式
建立选项 建立数据库选项，建立脚本选项，并单击 完成 以启动数据库建立过程
---------
参考文档：http://linuxxx.blog.51cto.com/1824808/1040165 感谢寒枫的博客
http://www.verydemo.com/demo_c128_i55519.html
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e24323/toc.htm#CEGIHDBF 感谢ORACLE官方