过完年立刻又要到金三银四面试季了,想必不少同窗已经跃跃欲试,提早开始准备面试了,本文就列举了面试过程当中一些常见的手写代码实现供参考。或许不少人会问,这些手写代码实现意义何在,社区已经有不少poly-fill
或者函数库供选择,何须要本身费力去折腾呢?个人理解是,在真实业务开发场景中,咱们真的用不上这些本身写的方法,一个lodash
库彻底能够知足咱们的需求,但此时你仅仅只是一个API Caller ,你常用到它,但对它实现原理却一无所知,哪怕它实现起来是很是简单的。因此亲自动手写出它的实现过程,对你理解其中原理是颇有帮助的。另外,不要以为用ES6
语法,或者最新的语法去实现ES5
甚至是ES3
的方法是件好笑的事情,相反,它更能体现出你对ES6
语法的掌握程度以及对JS发展的关注度,在面试中说不定会成为你的一个亮点。javascript
null
或者undefined
时,this
指向全局对象window
,值为原始值的指向该原始值的自动包装对象,如 String
、Number
、Boolean
context
)的属性发生冲突,使用Symbol
类型做为惟一值context
)属性执行Function.prototype.myCall = function(context, ...args) {
context = (context ?? window) || new Object(context)
const key = Symbol()
context[key] = this
const result = context[key](...args)
delete context[key]
return result
}
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注: 代码实现使用了ES2020
新特性Null
判断符 ??
, 详细参考阮一峰老师的ECMAScript 6 入门vue
call
同样Function.prototype.myApply = function(context) {
context = (context ?? window) || new Object(context)
const key = Symbol()
const args = arguments[1]
context[key] = this
let result
if(args) {
result = context[key](...args)
} else {
result = context[key]()
}
delete context[key]
return result
}
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注:代码实现存在缺陷,当第二个参数为类数组时,未做判断(有兴趣可查阅一下如何判断类数组)java
call / apply
指定 this
new
调用,绑定的上下文指向实例对象prototype
为原函数的prototype
Function.prototype.myBind = function(context, ...args) {
const fn = this
const bindFn = function (...newFnArgs) {
fn.call(
this instanceof bindFn ? this : context,
...args, ...newFnArgs
)
}
bindFn.prototype = Object.create(fn.prototype)
return bindFn
}
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this
绑定到空对象__proto__
指向构造函数的原型(prototype
)const createNew = (Con, ...args) => {
const obj = {}
Object.setPrototypeOf(obj, Con.prototype)
let result = Con.apply(obj, args)
return result instanceof Object ? result : obj
}
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false
const myInstanceOf = (left, right) => {
let leftValue = left.__proto__
let rightValue = right.prototype
while(true) {
if(leftValue === null) return false
if(leftValue === rightValue) return true
leftValue = leftValue.__proto__
}
}
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const deepClone = (target, cache = new WeakMap()) => {
if(target === null || typeof target !== 'object') {
return target
}
if(cache.get(target)) {
return target
}
const copy = Array.isArray(target) ? [] : {}
cache.set(target, copy)
Object.keys(target).forEach(key => copy[key] = deepClone(obj[key], cache))
return copy
}
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缺点:没法拷贝函数、Map
、Set
、正则等其余类型git
vuex源码es6
function find(list, f) {
return list.filter(f)[0]
}
function deepCopy(obj, cache = []) {
// just return if obj is immutable value
if (obj === null || typeof obj !== 'object') {
return obj
}
// if obj is hit, it is in circular structure
const hit = find(cache, c => c.original === obj)
if (hit) {
return hit.copy
}
const copy = Array.isArray(obj) ? [] : {}
// put the copy into cache at first
// because we want to refer it in recursive deepCopy
cache.push({
original: obj,
copy
})
Object.keys(obj).forEach(key => copy[key] = deepCopy(obj[key], cache))
return copy
}
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如何写出一个惊艳面试官的深拷贝?github
const mapTag = '[object Map]';
const setTag = '[object Set]';
const arrayTag = '[object Array]';
const objectTag = '[object Object]';
const argsTag = '[object Arguments]';
const boolTag = '[object Boolean]';
const dateTag = '[object Date]';
const numberTag = '[object Number]';
const stringTag = '[object String]';
const symbolTag = '[object Symbol]';
const errorTag = '[object Error]';
const regexpTag = '[object RegExp]';
const funcTag = '[object Function]';
const deepTag = [mapTag, setTag, arrayTag, objectTag, argsTag];
function forEach(array, iteratee) {
let index = -1;
const length = array.length;
while (++index < length) {
iteratee(array[index], index);
}
return array;
}
function isObject(target) {
const type = typeof target;
return target !== null && (type === 'object' || type === 'function');
}
function getType(target) {
return Object.prototype.toString.call(target);
}
function getInit(target) {
const Ctor = target.constructor;
return new Ctor();
}
function cloneSymbol(targe) {
return Object(Symbol.prototype.valueOf.call(targe));
}
function cloneReg(targe) {
const reFlags = /\w*$/;
const result = new targe.constructor(targe.source, reFlags.exec(targe));
result.lastIndex = targe.lastIndex;
return result;
}
function cloneFunction(func) {
const bodyReg = /(?<={)(.|\n)+(?=})/m;
const paramReg = /(?<=\().+(?=\)\s+{)/;
const funcString = func.toString();
if (func.prototype) {
const param = paramReg.exec(funcString);
const body = bodyReg.exec(funcString);
if (body) {
if (param) {
const paramArr = param[0].split(',');
return new Function(...paramArr, body[0]);
} else {
return new Function(body[0]);
}
} else {
return null;
}
} else {
return eval(funcString);
}
}
function cloneOtherType(targe, type) {
const Ctor = targe.constructor;
switch (type) {
case boolTag:
case numberTag:
case stringTag:
case errorTag:
case dateTag:
return new Ctor(targe);
case regexpTag:
return cloneReg(targe);
case symbolTag:
return cloneSymbol(targe);
case funcTag:
return cloneFunction(targe);
default:
return null;
}
}
function clone(target, map = new WeakMap()) {
// 克隆原始类型
if (!isObject(target)) {
return target;
}
// 初始化
const type = getType(target);
let cloneTarget;
if (deepTag.includes(type)) {
cloneTarget = getInit(target, type);
} else {
return cloneOtherType(target, type);
}
// 防止循环引用
if (map.get(target)) {
return map.get(target);
}
map.set(target, cloneTarget);
// 克隆set
if (type === setTag) {
target.forEach(value => {
cloneTarget.add(clone(value, map));
});
return cloneTarget;
}
// 克隆map
if (type === mapTag) {
target.forEach((value, key) => {
cloneTarget.set(key, clone(value, map));
});
return cloneTarget;
}
// 克隆对象和数组
const keys = type === arrayTag ? undefined : Object.keys(target);
forEach(keys || target, (value, key) => {
if (keys) {
key = value;
}
cloneTarget[key] = clone(target[key], map);
});
return cloneTarget;
}
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const MY_IMMER = Symbol('my-immer1')
const isPlainObject = value => {
if (
!value ||
typeof value !== 'object' ||
{}.toString.call(value) != '[object Object]'
) {
return false
}
var proto = Object.getPrototypeOf(value)
if (proto === null) {
return true
}
var Ctor = hasOwnProperty.call(proto, 'constructor') && proto.constructor
return (
typeof Ctor == 'function' &&
Ctor instanceof Ctor &&
Function.prototype.toString.call(Ctor) ===
Function.prototype.toString.call(Object)
)
}
const isProxy = value => !!value && !!value[MY_IMMER]
function produce(baseState, fn) {
const proxies = new Map()
const copies = new Map()
const objectTraps = {
get(target, key) {
if (key === MY_IMMER) return target
const data = copies.get(target) || target
return getProxy(data[key])
},
set(target, key, val) {
const copy = getCopy(target)
const newValue = getProxy(val)
// 这里的判断用于拿 proxy 的 target
// 不然直接 copy[key] = newValue 的话外部拿到的对象是个 proxy
copy[key] = isProxy(newValue) ? newValue[MY_IMMER] : newValue
return true
}
}
const getProxy = data => {
if (isProxy(data)) {
return data
}
if (isPlainObject(data) || Array.isArray(data)) {
if (proxies.has(data)) {
return proxies.get(data)
}
const proxy = new Proxy(data, objectTraps)
proxies.set(data, proxy)
return proxy
}
return data
}
const getCopy = data => {
if (copies.has(data)) {
return copies.get(data)
}
const copy = Array.isArray(data) ? data.slice() : { ...data }
copies.set(data, copy)
return copy
}
const isChange = data => {
if (proxies.has(data) || copies.has(data)) return true
}
const finalize = data => {
if (isPlainObject(data) || Array.isArray(data)) {
if (!isChange(data)) {
return data
}
const copy = getCopy(data)
Object.keys(copy).forEach(key => {
copy[key] = finalize(copy[key])
})
return copy
}
return data
}
const proxy = getProxy(baseState)
fn(proxy)
return finalize(baseState)
}
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函数防抖是在事件被触发n
秒后再执行回调,若是在n
秒内又被触发,则从新计时。 函数防抖多用于input
输入框vuex
this
继承自父级上下文,指向触发事件的目标元素event
对象leading
参数,判断是否能够当即执行回调函数,没必要要等到事件中止触发后才开始执行const debounce = (fn, wait = 300, leading = true) => {
let timerId, result
return function(...args) {
timerId && clearTimeout(timerId)
if (leading) {
if (!timerId) result = fn.apply(this, args)
timerId = setTimeout(() => timerId = null, wait)
} else {
timerId = setTimeout(() => result = fn.apply(this, args), wait)
}
return result
}
}
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函数节流是指连续触发事件,可是在 n 秒中只执行一次函数,适合应用于动画相关的场景数组
const throttle = (fn, wait = 300) => {
let timerId
return function(...args) {
if(!timerId) {
timerId = setTimeout(() => {
timerId = null
return result = fn.apply(this, ...args)
}, wait)
}
}
}
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const throttle = (fn, wait = 300) => {
let prev = 0
let result
return function(...args) {
let now = +new Date()
if(now - prev > wait) {
prev = now
return result = fn.apply(this, ...args)
}
}
}
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方法 | 使用时间戳 | 使用定时器 |
---|---|---|
开始触发时 | 马上执行 | n秒后执行 |
中止触发后 | 再也不执行事件 | 继续执行一次事件 |
const uniqBy = (arr, key) => {
return [...new Map(arr.map(item) => [item[key], item])).values()]
}
const singers = [
{ id: 1, name: 'Leslie Cheung' },
{ id: 1, name: 'Leslie Cheung' },
{ id: 2, name: 'Eason Chan' },
]
console.log(uniqBy(singers, 'id'))
// [
// { id: 1, name: 'Leslie Cheung' },
// { id: 2, name: 'Eason Chan' },
// ]
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原理是利用Map
的键不可重复闭包
const flatten = (arr) => arr.toString().split(',').map(item => +item)
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const flatten = (arr, deep = 1) => {
return arr.reduce((cur, next) => {
return Array.isArray(next) && deep > 1 ?
[...cur, ...flatten(next, deep - 1)] :
[...cur, next]
},[])
}
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const currying = fn =>
_curry = (...args) =>
args.length >= fn.length
? fn(...args)
: (...newArgs) => _curry(...args, ...newArgs)
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原理是利用闭包把传入参数保存起来,当传入参数的数量足够执行函数时,就开始执行函数
class EventEmitter {
#subs = {}
emit(event, ...args) {
if (this.#subs[event] && this.#subs[event].length) {
this.#subs[event].forEach(cb => cb(...args))
}
}
on(event, cb) {
(this.#subs[event] || (this.#subs[event] = [])).push(cb)
}
off(event, offCb) {
if (offCb) {
if (this.#subs[event] && this.#subs[event].length)
this.#subs[event] = this.#subs[event].filter(cb => cb !== offCb)
} else {
this.#subs[event] = []
}
}
}
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subs
是EventEmitter
私有属性(最新特性参考阮一峰老师的ECMAScript 6 入门),经过on
注册事件,off
注销事件,emit
触发事件
function Super(foo) {
this.foo = foo
}
Super.prototype.printFoo = function() {
console.log(this.foo)
}
function Sub(bar) {
this.bar = bar
Super.call(this)
}
Sub.prototype = Object.create(Super.prototype)
Sub.prototype.constructor = Sub
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class Super {
constructor(foo) {
this.foo = foo
}
printFoo() {
console.log(this.foo)
}
}
class Sub extends Super {
constructor(foo, bar) {
super(foo)
this.bar = bar
}
}
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ES5
的继承,实质是先创造子类的实例对象,而后将再将父类的方法添加到this
上。 ES6
的继承,先创造父类的实例对象(因此必须先调用super
方法,而后再用子类的构造函数修改this
参考
js基础-面试官想知道你有多理解call,apply,bind?[不看后悔系列]