Vue3.x 即未来袭,使用 TypeScirpt 重构,TypeScript 将成为 vue 社区的标配,出于一名程序员的焦虑,决定如今 Vue2.6.x 踩一波坑。javascript
vue 官方文档已经简略地对 TypeScirpt 的支持进行了介绍,咱们使用 Vue Cli3 直接生成项目css
❓为何使用 Vue Cli3 构建项目html
官方维护,后续升级减小兼容性问题vue
使用如下配置进行项目的生成:java
╭─~/otherEWokspace
╰─➤ vue create ts-vuex-demo
Vue CLI v3.6.3
┌───────────────────────────┐
│ Update available: 3.9.3 │
└───────────────────────────┘
? Please pick a preset: Manually select features
? Check the features needed for your project: Babel, TS, Router, Vuex, CSS P
re-processors, Linter, Unit
? Use class-style component syntax? Yes
? Use Babel alongside TypeScript for auto-detected polyfills? Yes
? Use history mode for router? (Requires proper server setup for index fallb
ack in production) Yes
? Pick a CSS pre-processor (PostCSS, Autoprefixer and CSS Modules are suppor
ted by default): Sass/SCSS (with node-sass)
? Pick a linter / formatter config: TSLint
? Pick additional lint features: (Press <space> to select, <a> to toggle all
, <i> to invert selection)Lint on save
? Pick a unit testing solution: Jest
? Where do you prefer placing config for Babel, PostCSS, ESLint, etc.? In de
dicated config files
? Save this as a preset for future projects? Yes
? Save preset as: ts-vue-demo
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看一下新项目的层级目录node
╭─~/otherEWokspace/ts-vuex-demo ‹master›
╰─➤ tree -L 2 -I node_modules
.
├── README.md
├── babel.config.js
├── jest.config.js
├── package-lock.json
├── package.json
├── postcss.config.js
├── public
│ ├── favicon.ico
│ └── index.html
├── src
│ ├── App.vue
│ ├── assets
│ ├── components
│ ├── main.ts
│ ├── router.ts
│ ├── shims-tsx.d.ts
│ ├── shims-vue.d.ts
│ ├── store.ts
│ └── views
├── tests
│ └── unit
├── tsconfig.json
└── tslint.json
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tsconfig.json
对 lib 、 target 、 module
进行解释webpack
{
"compilerOptions": {
"target": "esnext",
"module": "esnext",
"strict": true,
"jsx": "preserve", // 开启对 jsx 的支持
"importHelpers": true,
"moduleResolution": "node",
"experimentalDecorators": true,
"esModuleInterop": true,
"allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true,
"sourceMap": true,
"baseUrl": ".",
"types": [
"webpack-env",
"jest"
],
"paths": {
"@/*": [
"src/*"
]
},
"lib": [
"esnext",
"dom",
"dom.iterable",
"scripthost"
]
},
"include": [
"src/**/*.ts",
"src/**/*.tsx",
"src/**/*.vue",
"tests/**/*.ts",
"tests/**/*.tsx"
],
"exclude": [
"node_modules"
]
}
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target
--- 被 tsc 编译后生成 js 文件代码风格module
--- 被 tsc 编译后生成 js 文件的模块风格lib
--- 原 ts 文件支持的代码库咱们来看一下示例:git
// index.ts
export const Greeter = (name: string) => `Hello ${name}`;
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"module": "commonjs", "target": "es5"
// index.js
"use strict";
Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
exports.Greeter = function (name) { return "Hello " + name; };
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"module": "es2015", "target": "es5"
// index.js
export var Greeter = function (name) { return "Hello " + name; };
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"module": "es2015", "target": "es6"
// index.js
export const Greeter = (name) => `Hello ${name}`;
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"module": "commonjs", "target": "es6"
// index.js
"use strict";
Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
exports.Greeter = (name) => `Hello ${name}`;
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若是
lib
没有指定默认注入的库的列表。默认注入的库为:程序员
针对于 target:ES5:
DOM,ES5,ScriptHost
es6针对于 target:ES6:
DOM,ES6,DOM.Iterable,ScriptHost
相似于 eslint ,对 ts 代码进行检测。
vscode 须要安装 tslint 插件 ,并在 vscode 的用户配置中加入如下配置,用来在保存时自动解决 ts 的错误。
// settings.json
"editor.codeActionsOnSave": {
"source.fixAll.tsLint": true
}
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❗️ vue cli3 已经安装了
tslint
依赖
使用 prettier 插件,对项目进行代码风格的统一和规范
npm i tslint-config-prettier -D
"extends": ["tslint:recommended", "tslint-config-prettier"]
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设置 vscode
tslintIntegration
,使 prittier 支持格式化 ts 文件"editor.formatOnSave": true
保存时自动格式化也可使用
shift
+option
+f
进行格式化
在根目录下添加 .prttierrc
文件 (应对 prittier 格式化 vue 文件中的 ts 文件时,没办法使用 tslint 规则进行格式化,须要对它单独处理,以避免 tslint 报错)
{ "singleQuote": true }
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declare module "*.vue" {
import Vue from "vue";
export default Vue;
}
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声明全部以 .vue
结尾的文件,默认导入 vue ,默认导出 Vue,用以在项目中ts文件识别 .vue
结尾文件。
在 main.ts 中,引入一个 vue 组件必须以 .vue
结尾。
import Vue from 'vue';
import App from './App.vue';
import router from './router';
import store from './store';
Vue.config.productionTip = false;
new Vue({
router,
store,
render: (h) => h(App),
}).$mount('#app');
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写一个 todolist 组件顺便来介绍 vue-property-decorator
,为了方便页面构建,使用 element-ui
element-ui 使用 ts 开发,默认有 .d.ts 的声明文件
npm i element-ui
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// main.ts
import ElementUI from 'element-ui';
import 'element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css';
Vue.use(ElementUI);
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在 /src/compenents/
新建 todoList.vue , 代码以下:
<template>
<div class="todo_list">
<el-card class="box-card">
<div slot="header">
<el-row :gutter="18">
<el-col :span="18">
<el-input
id='todo'
v-model="todo"
placeholder="请输入内容"
></el-input>
</el-col>
<el-col :span="2">
<el-button
id="add"
type="primary"
icon="el-icon-circle-plus-outline"
@click="addItem"
>add</el-button>
</el-col>
</el-row>
</div>
<div
v-for="(item,index) in todoList"
:key="index"
class="text item"
@click="removeItem(index)"
>{{ item }}</div>
</el-card>
<label
class="text"
style="margin-top:20px"
>{{todoLength}} records</label>
</div>
</template>
<script lang="ts">
import { Component, Prop, Vue, Emit } from 'vue-property-decorator';
@Component
export default class HelloWorld extends Vue {
public todo: string = '';
@Prop({ default: () => [] }) private readonly todoList!: string[];
get todoLength(): number {
return this.todoList.length;
}
@Emit()
private addItem(): string {
return `${this.todo}`;
}
@Emit('removeItem')
private removeItem(index: number): number {
return index;
}
}
</script>
<!-- Add "scoped" attribute to limit CSS to this component only -->
<style scoped lang="scss">
.todo_list {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
flex-direction: column;
align-items: center;
.box-card {
width: 480px;
}
.text {
font-size: 14px;
text-align: left;
}
.item {
margin-bottom: 18px;
}
}
</style>
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对 ts 代码的用法指出如下几点:
xxx!: type
的形式,否则要写成 xxx : type | undefined
改造 Home.vue 以下:
<template>
<div class="home">
<todoList
:todoList="[]"
@add-item="addTodoList"
@removeItem="addTodoLisItem"
/>
</div>
</template>
<script lang="ts">
import { Component, Vue } from 'vue-property-decorator';
import todoList from '@/components/todoList.vue'; // @ is an alias to /src
import { State, Getter, Action } from 'vuex-class';
@Component({
components: {
todoList
}
})
export default class Home extends Vue {
public addTodoList(val: string) {
console.log(val);
}
private created() {
console.log('i add life cycle funciton -- created');
}
private addTodoLisItem(index: number) {
console.log(index);
}
}
</script>
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有关 ts 中的 vuex 的写法要从 vuex-class 提及,在 官方的 vue-property-decorator 中也推荐使用该库。
npm i vuex-class
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在 src
文件夹中新建 store
文件夹, 在 store
新建 index.ts,todoList.ts
// index.ts
import Vue from 'vue';
import Vuex from 'vuex';
import todolist from './todoList';
Vue.use(Vuex);
export default new Vuex.Store({
modules: { todolist }
});
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// todoList.ts
import { Commit, Dispatch, GetterTree, ActionTree, MutationTree } from 'vuex';
const ADD_TODOLIST = 'ADD_TODOLIST';
const REMOVE_ITEM = 'REMOVE_ITEM';
export interface RootState {
version: string;
}
interface Payload {
[propName: string]: any;
}
interface TodoListType {
todoList: string[];
}
interface Context {
commit: Commit;
dispatch: Dispatch;
}
const dataSource: TodoListType = {
todoList: []
};
const getters: GetterTree<TodoListType, RootState> = {
getTodoList(state: TodoListType): string[] {
return state.todoList;
}
};
const mutations: MutationTree<TodoListType> = {
ADD_TODOLIST: (state: TodoListType, item: string) => {
console.log(item);
state.todoList.push(item);
},
REMOVE_ITEM: (state: TodoListType, removeIndex: number) => {
state.todoList = state.todoList.filter((item: string, index: number) => {
return removeIndex !== index;
});
}
};
const actions: ActionTree<TodoListType, RootState> = {
addList: async ({ commit }: Context, item: string) => {
await Promise.resolve(
setTimeout(() => {
commit(ADD_TODOLIST, item);
}, 100)
);
},
removeItem: async ({ commit }: Context, { index }: Payload) => {
await Promise.resolve(
setTimeout(() => {
commit(REMOVE_ITEM, index);
}, 100)
);
}
};
export default {
namespaced: true,
state: dataSource,
getters,
mutations,
actions
};
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删除原来与 main.ts
同级的 store.ts
对 todoList.ts
须要注意如下几点:
interface Payload {
[propName: string]: any;
}
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改造 /views/Home.vue
以下:
<template>
<div class="home">
<todoList
:todoList="todoList"
@add-item="addTodoList"
@removeItem="removelistItem"
/>
</div>
</template>
<script lang="ts">
import { Component, Vue } from 'vue-property-decorator';
import todoList from '@/components/todoList.vue'; // @ is an alias to /src
import { State, Getter, Action } from 'vuex-class';
const namespace = { namespace: 'todolist' };
@Component({
components: {
todoList
}
})
export default class Home extends Vue {
// @State(state => state.todolist.todoList) private todoList!: string[];
@State('todoList', namespace) public todoList!: string[];
@Action('addList', namespace) private addList!: (val: string) => void;
@Action('removeItem', namespace) private removeItem!: (
payload: object
) => void;
// @Action('todolist/removeItem') public removeItem!: (index: number) => void;
public addTodoList(val: string) {
console.log('val', val);
if (val) {
this.addList(val);
}
}
private created() {
console.log('i add life cycle funciton -- created');
}
private removelistItem(index: number) {
console.log(index);
this.removeItem({ index });
}
}
</script>
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有关 vuex-class 的调用有如下几点注意
全部的代码到此为止,使用 npm run serve
便可查看应用,保留原有 routes 文件,保持应用的健壮性。
本项目使用 vue-test-utils 进行编写,结合多种状况,得出如下代码:
在 src/tests/unit 新建 todoList.spec.ts
// todoList.spec.ts
import { mount, shallowMount, createLocalVue } from '@vue/test-utils';
import Vue from 'vue';
import Vuex from 'vuex';
import ElementUI from 'element-ui';
import todoList from '@/components/todoList.vue';
import home from '@/views/Home.vue';
const localVue = createLocalVue();
localVue.use(ElementUI);
localVue.use(Vuex);
describe('todoList.vue', () => {
let actions: any;
let store: any;
beforeEach(() => {
actions = { addList: jest.fn(), removeItem: jest.fn() };
const todolist = {
namespaced: true,
state: { todoList: [] },
actions
};
store = new Vuex.Store({
modules: {
todolist
}
});
});
it('renders props.msg when passed', () => {
const father = mount(home, { store, localVue });
// const child = shallowMount(todoList, { localVue }) as any;
const child = father.find(todoList) as any;
child.vm.todo = 'todo 1';
child.find('#add').trigger('click');
expect(child.emitted()['add-item']).toBeTruthy();
expect(actions.addList).toHaveBeenCalled();
});
});
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createLocalVue
进行处理modules
必需要指定 namespaced: true,
mount
包裹,不能使用 shallowMount在命令行调用 npm run test:unit
可查看测试结果
最终项目目录结构以下
╭─~/otherEWokspace/ts-vuex-demo ‹master›
╰─➤ tree -L 4 -I node_modules
.
├── README.md
├── babel.config.js
├── jest.config.js
├── package-lock.json
├── package.json
├── postcss.config.js
├── public
│ ├── favicon.ico
│ └── index.html
├── src
│ ├── App.vue
│ ├── assets
│ │ └── logo.png
│ ├── components
│ │ └── todoList.vue
│ ├── main.ts
│ ├── router.ts
│ ├── shims-tsx.d.ts
│ ├── shims-vue.d.ts
│ ├── store
│ │ ├── index.ts
│ │ └── todoList.ts
│ └── views
│ ├── About.vue
│ └── Home.vue
├── tests
│ └── unit
│ └── todoList.spec.ts
├── tsconfig.json
└── tslint.json
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